Pulitzer Mubayiro wokukunda mutambi wemutambo August Wilson (Kubvumbi 27, 1945 - Gumiguru 2, 2005) ndomumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira muAmerican theater. Iye anozivikanwa zvikuru pamusana pekusati kwaitika kare kwemasvondo gumi, anowanzozonzi Pittsburgh Cycle nokuti zvose kunze kwechitambo chimwe chete chinowanikwa munzvimbo yePittsburgh apo August Wilson akakurira. Nyaya yemitambo inorondedzera matambudziko uye zvinangwa zveAfrica America munguva yegumi nerimwe yemakore rechi20.
Makore ekutanga:
Mwanakomana webaba vachena uye amai vatsvuku, August Wilson akaberekwa Frederick August Kittel musi waApril 27, 1945 muPittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Baba vake, avo vainziwo Frederick August Kittle, vakanga vari muGermany mutambi uye mubiki uye vakagara nguva shomanana nemhuri. Amai vake, Daisy Wilson, vakasimudza August nevakoma vake vashanu mudiki, dzimba mbiri-yekurara muvarombo Hill District musha wePittsburgh, vachishanda zvakaoma sekuchenesa mukadzi kuisa zvokudya patafura.
Apo August Wilson aive achiri kuyaruka, mai vake vakaroora David Bedford uye mhuri yavo yakatamira kuHazelwood, nzvimbo yakawanda yepamusoro yevashandi vanogara. Ikoko uye kuchikoro, August nemhuri yake vakasangana nekutyisidzirwa uye kurwisana kwemadzinza. Mushure mokunge muchifamba nezvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira gore kuPittsburgh Central Catholic School, August Wilson pakupedzisira akabuda kuchikoro vose pamwe chete, ava nemakore gumi nemashanu, vachitendeukira kunzvimbo yezvidzidzo kuCarnegie Library.
Makore Evakuru:
Mushure mokufa kwababa vake muna 1965, August Wilson akachinja mutemo wake kuti aremekedze amai vake. Gore iroro chete, akatenga mhando yake yokutanga yokunyora uye akatanga kunyora nhetembo. Yakagadzirirwa kumitambo uye yakafuridzirwa nekodzero dzevanhu, muna 1968 August Wilson akabatanidza Black Horizons Theatre muChikomo chePittsburgh neshamwari yake, Rob Penny.
Basa rake rokutanga rakakundikana kutonyanya kunyanya kukoshesa, asi yechitatu yekutamba, "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" (1982), pamusoro peboka revaridzi vemavara vachikurukura nezvezvakaitika kwavari mune zvechisimba muAmerica, vakagamuchira kuonekwa kwaAugust Wilson mukurumbira semutambo uye muturikiri weAfrica Chiitiko cheAmerica.
Mikana & Recognition:
August Wilson mutsara wemitambo yakamuita kuti azive seimwe yemitambo yeAmerica yakakurumbira uye akamupa zvikomborero zvakawanda, pakati pavo Tony Award (1985), New York Drama Critics Circle Award (1985) uye Pulitzer Prize yemutambo (1990). IVirginia Theatre pa Broadway muNyC yakanzizve yeAugust Wilson Theatre mukukudzwa kwake muna 2005, uye African American Cultural Center yeGreater Pittsburgh yakazotumidza zita reAugust Wilson Centre yeAfrica American Culture muna 2006.
The Pittsburgh Cycle of Plays:
Muna 10 mitambo yakasiyana, imwe neimwe yakafukidza makore gumi ezana remakore rechi20, August Wilson akaongorora hupenyu, kurota, kukunda uye nhamo dzeAfurika-America nhoroondo uye tsika. Kazhinji inonzi "Pittsburgh Cycle," yose kunze kweimwe yemitambo yakasarudzwa muGuta reGuta reGuta rePittsburgh umo August Wilson akakurira.
August Wilson purogiramu yemitambo, zvichienderana nemakore gumi umo mutambo wacho waiswa:
- "Gem yeAcean," 1904
- "Joe Turner Wakauya uye Akaenda," 1911
- "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom," 1927
- "Chidzidzo chePiano," 1936
- "Guitars manomwe," 1948
- "Masvingo," 1957-58 uye 1963
- "Treni mbiri Dzinomhanya," 1969
- "Jitney," 1977
- "Mambo Hedley, II," 1985
- "Radio Golf," muna 1997
August Wilson akawana kukurudzirwa kubva kuAfrica American artist, Romare Bearden. "Apo ini [waAugust Wilson] ndakaona basa rake, ndiyo ndiyo nguva yokutanga yandakaona hupenyu hwemusiya huri muhupfumi hwayo hwose, uye ndakati, 'Ndinoda kuzviita - Ndinoda kuti mitambo yangu ive yakaenzana neyake canvases. '"