Inowanzobvunzwa Mibvunzo Pamusoro peLobbying
Basa uye simba remugadziri wemagetsi zvinonyanya kusanzwisiswa. Ndezvipi zvishandisi zvinoshandisa zvakanyanya pakurambidza? Mumwe munhu anova sei mubatsiri? Verenga mibvunzo iyi yakabvunzwa kakawanda uye dzidza zvose pamusoro pavo.
Chii chinonzi lobbyist?
Mumwe munhu anopindira kuburitswa mutori anotsvaga kunyengetedza nhengo dzehurumende (sevamwe nhengo dzeCongress) kuisa mutemo unobatsira boka ravo. Basa rekutsvaga chiitiko chepamutemo uye chinonyanya kukosha chematongerwo enyika ezvematongerwe enyika ayo asinganyatsonzwisiswi nehuwandu hwevanhu.
Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vachifunga nezvevanhu vanobvumirana chete sevadzidzi vanobhadhara, panewo vakawanda vanozvipira. Chero ani zvake anonyengeterera hurumende kana kuti anotumira nhengo yake yeCongress kuti ataure maonero ari kushanda seanopindira. Kubata mhuka ndeyemabhizimisi anochengetedzwa uye basa rakachengetedzwa pasi peRokuvandudzwa kwekutanga kweSouth Constitution iro rinovimbisa kodzero yokusununguka kutaura, kokorodzano, uye kukumbira.
Kubvumira kunosanganisira zvinopfuura kungobvumira vatongi vemitemo. Unyanzvi hwekushandura mabhuku uye kutsvakurudza mitemo kana kuronga mazano, kupinda misangano yekunamatira, uye kudzidzisa vakuru vehurumende nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika panyaya dzinokosha. VaLobbyist vanoshandawo kuti vachinje mafungiro evanhu kuburikidza nemashambadziro emashambadziro kana kuburikidza nekufurira 'vatungamiri vemagariro'.
Ndivanaani vanobhabhatidza kushanda?
Vashandi vehurumende vanomiririra pamusoro pezvikamu zvose zveAmerica neboka revanhu vanofarira - masangano emabasa, masangano, makoroji nemayunivhesiti, machechi, zvipo, zvigaro, mapoka ezvakatipoteredza, masangano makuru evanhu, uye kunyange hurumende, dzekune dzimwe nyika kana dzimwe nyika.
Ndezvipi zvishandisi zvinoshandisa zvakanyanya pakurambidza?
Maererano neWorldSecrets.org, data yakatevera yakanyorwa neSenate Office of Public Records. Aya makuru gumi emabhizimisi e 2016 aive:
Pharmaceuticals / Health Products - $ 63,168,503
Inishuwarenzi - $ 38,280,437
Zvigetsi zveMagetsi - $ 33,551,556
Business Associations - $ 32,065,206
Mafuta & Gasi - $ 31,453,590
Electronics Mfg & Equipment - $ 28,489,437
Securities & Investment - $ 25,425,076
Zvipatara / Imba dzekuchengetedza - $ 23,609,607
Kutakura Kwemhepo - $ 22,459,204
Health Professionals - $ 22,175,579
Mumwe munhu anova sei mubatsiri? Ndezvipi zvidzidzo kana kudzidziswa kunodiwa?
Mabhishobhi anobva kumativi ese ehupenyu. Vakawanda vadzidza mapeji, uye vazhinji vakagadziridzwa. Vakawanda vanoita basa vanovamba basa ravo vachishanda kuCapitol Hill mune imwe congressal office. Vadzidzisi vanofanirwa kuva nehutano hwakasimba hwekutaurirana uye ruzivo rwemutemo wehurumende pamwe chete nemabhizimisi avo arikumiririra. Kunyange zvazvo pasina hurumende yekudzidzira kuva mukuru wehurumende, State Government Affairs Council inopa Lobbying Certificate Programme, chirongwa chinoramba chichidzidzisa chinobatsira avo vehutano hwose hunovandudza ruzivo rwavo pamusoro pekutonga nekuita basa.
Vakawanda vanogamuchira nzvimbo vanowana ruzivo mukoroji nekupinda muKapitol Hill. Ona mutungamiri kuWashington, DC Maitiro - Kupinda muCapitol Hill.
Munhu anochengetedza mahofisi anofanira kunyorwa here?
Kubvira muna 1995, Mutemo weLobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) waida vanhu vanobhadharwa kuti vabvumirane nehurumende yepamusoro kuti vanyora pamwechete neMunyori weSeneti uye Munyori weDzimba. Kubvumira makambani, vanozvishandura mabhizinesi uye masangano anoshandisa vashandi vekucherechedza vanofanira kuisa mishumo yenguva dzose yekuita basa.
Iko vangani vanogara muHashington, DC?
Kubva muna 2016, kune vanenge 9 700 vakanyoresa mabhizimusi munyika nehurumende.
Mazhinji emakambani makuru ekunyengetedza uye mapoka ekurudzira ari paK Street muDowntown Washington, DC
Ndezvipi zvipingamupinyi zviripo pamusoro pezvipo kuburikidza nevatsigiri kune nhengo dzeCongress?
Izvo zvipo zvipo zvekutonga zvinotaura zvinoreva kuti nhengo yeCongress kana vashandi vayo havagoni kubvuma chipo kubva kune avo vanobvumirwa neL lobbyist kana sangano ripi rinoshandisa avo vanobvumirana. Izwi rokuti "chipo" rinosanganisa chero zvinyorwa, nyasha, kutengesa, kuvaraidza, kugamuchira vaeni, chikwereti, kana chimwe chinhu chakakosha mari.
Iko kupi izwi rokuti "lobbyist" rinobva kupi?
Mutungamiri Ulysses S. Grant akagadzira izwi rokuti lobbyist mukutanga kwema1800. Grant aifarira kuWirlard Hotel kuWashington DC uye vanhu vaiuya kwaari kuti vataure nezvekukonzera.
Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvinyorwa Pamusoro peLobbying
- Vhura Zvinyorwa - Chivako cheNyaya Yezvematongerwe Enyika - Mutungamiri wekusava nehanya nekushandisa mari muchisarudzo cheU.S. uye mutemo wehurumende, kusanganisira kubvumidza mabasa
- Office of the Clerk - Inotsanangura tsanangudzo yeLobbying Disclosure Act ya 1995, kubvumidza kunyoresa nzira
- Centre yeHurumende Inobatsira - Chirongwa Pamusoro pehurumende, Kutungamirirwa kwehurumende isingabatsiri, inoita kuti hurumende dzigadzirise hurumende kuti iwane hurumende inoshanda, inoshanduka, yakajeka, uye yakanaka.
- Lobbyingfirms.com - A industry lobbying directory