Nhanganyaya
Huru Guru ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvekugara kwenguva refu asi nyika yeGreat Wall yeChina inowedzera convoluted kupfuura vanhu vazhinji vanoziva.
Yakatora Nguva Yakadini Kuti Ivakwe Rusvingo Rukuru?
Uyu mubvunzo uyo munhu wose anoda kuziva uye ndinofunga kuti wakavakirwa pamhedziso yekuti Great Wall yakavakwa zvose mune imwe chete. Asi handizvo. Iko Guru Guru raizove rakanyatsodanwa kunzi Mahombe Makuru - sezvasara nhasi ndezvakawanda zvemasvingo akasara kubva kune dzimwe nhamba dze dynastic muChina chekare.
Sezvaunenge uchiverenga pasi apa, Great Wall - kubvira pakuvamba kusvika pane zvatiri kuona nhasi - yaiva pasi pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuvaka kwemakore anopfuura zviuru zviviri.
Chii Rusvingo Guru?
Inowanzofungidzirwa kuti Guta Guru ndiro rimwe rusvingo rurefu runomhanya kubva kuEast China Sea kumativi ose kumakomo kuchamhembe kweBeijing. Ichokwadi, Gungwa Guru rinopfuurira nenzira yeChina ichifukidza makiromita 8 850 uye yakaumbwa nehuwandu hwekubatana kwemadziro akaenzana neChina ayo madzinza akasiyana uye vatongi vehondo vanovakwa pamusoro pemakore. Guta Guru iro ramunoona mumifananidzo yakawanda ndeyorusvingo rweMing Dynasty-era, rakagadzirwa mushure me1368. Zvisinei, "Guru Guru" rinoreva zvikamu zvizhinji zvemasvingo akavakwa makore anopfuura 2 000.
Kutanga Kutanga
Muna c656 BC, Chu Chu wall, inonzi "Rectangle Wall" yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza Chus kubva kune vavakidzani vakasimba kusvika kuchamhembe. Iyi chikamu chemasvingo chinogara muhurumende yemazuva ano yeHenan .
Iri rusvingo rwekutanga rwakabatanidza maduku maduku nemuganhu weChu state.
Zvimwe zvezvematongerwo enyika zvakaramba zvichiita tsika yekuvaka masvingo pamiganhu yavo kuti dzizvidzivirire kune avo vasingadi kuwanikwa kusvikira munenge muna 221 BC apo panguva yeQin Dynasty, Great Wall, sezvatinoziva ikozvino, yakatanga kuumbwa.
Qin Dynasty: i "First" Great Wall
Qin Shi Huang akabatana China muhurumende yehurumende. Kuti adzivirire hurumende yake yakanga ichangobva kusimbiswa, Qin akasarudza hurukuro huru yekudzivirirwa yaidiwa. Akatumira mamiriyoni masere nevashandi kuti vashandise purojekiti yaizotora makore mapfumbamwe. Rusvingo rutsva rwakashandiswa masvingo akange aripo akavakwa kubva pasi peChu State. Itsva, Guru Guru, rakapararira kuchamhembe kweChina kubva muzuva ranhasi reInner Mongolia. Kakawanda korusvingo urwu runoramba uye rwakanga rwakawedzerwa kune imwe nzvimbo kuchamhembe kune yezuva ranhasi (Ming era) rusvingo.
Han Dynasty: Great Wall yakawedzerwa
Munguva yeHan Dynasty yakatevera (206 BC kusvika AD 24), China yakaona hondo neHuns uye rusvingo rwakatambanudzwa kuburikidza nehutachigaro hwemasvingo akare kune imwe makiromita 10 000 (6 213 maira) kumadokero kweChina, mhirizhonga yeGansu yemazuva ano. Iyi nguva yakanga iri nguva yakakura yekuvaka uye yakareba yakareba yorusvingo yakambovakwa.
Verenga zvakawanda nezvekushanyira Han Dynasty Wall
Northern and Southern Dynasties: Mamwe Mazamu Akawedzerwa
Munguva iyi, kubva muna AD 386 kusvika ku581, madhinhe mana akavakwa uye akawedzerwa kuGreat Wall. Iko North Wei (386-534) yakawedzerwa makiromita 1 000 (makiromita 621) emadziro muruwa rweShanxi. IEastern Wei (534-550) yakangowedzera mamwe makiromita makumi maviri (47 makiromita).
Nzvimbo yeNyakabva Qi (550-577) inotonga yakareba yakareba zvikuru kubva pamadziro kubvira paKin na Han nguva, anenge makiromita 1 500 (932 makiromita). Uye Northern Zhou (557-581) mutongi dynastic Emperor Jingdi akagadzirisa Gungwa Guru muna 579.
Ming Dynasty: Kubwinya Kwemadziro Kunosvika Pakupedzisira
Munguva yeMing Dynasty (1368-1644), Great Wall yakazova nheyo inokosha yekudzivirira zvakare. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang akatanga kutanga kugadziriswa pakutanga kwekutonga kwake. Akapa mwanakomana wake Zhu Di uye mumwe wevakuru vake kuti vagadzire rusvingo rwakanga rwuripo uye kuvaka nhare uye varindi. Guta Guru reMing rakanga rava nzira yekuramba dzichimanikidza maMongools kubva kuchamhembe kubva pakupinda uye kuendesa Beijing. Kwemakore mazana maviri akatevera, rusvingo rwakanga rwakasimbiswa pakupedzisira rakavhara makiromita mazana manomwe nemazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu.
The Wall Today
Iro rusvingo rweMing rakagadzirwa ndizvo zvinoshandiswa nevashanyi vakawanda nhasi.
Inotanga kuShanhai Pass muHevei uye inopera kumavirazuva kuJiayuguan Pass muGeansu purovhinzi pamucheto weGeor Desert. Izvo hazvina zvakawanda zvokuona mumakiromita mazana mashanu ekupedzisira (makiromita makumi maviri nemaviri) pasina chinhu chakasara asi matombo akavhuniwa uye matombo asi rusvingo (mu-pre-Ming fomu) inogona kutevedzwa sezvaunofambisa mudunhu reGansu kubva ku Jiayuguan kusvika kuYumenguan, mukova kusvika ku "China" mumugwagwa weSirik pasi peHan Dynasty.
Kushanyira Great Wall
Ndave kune zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveGreat Wall kubva paGedhi re Yumen, Jiayuguan uye yose kuenda kuMing Wall kuchamhembe kweBeijing. Hazvina mubvunzo kuti zvinonakidza kufamba nemakumbo uye funga nguva yakapfuura kubvira mabwe iwayo akaiswa. Verenga zvakawanda nezvekushanyira Great Wall:
- Yumenguan (Jade Gedhi), iyo Han Dynasty yekumavirazuva Great Wall Point muChina
- Shuidonggou , rusvingo rweMing-era rusina kugadziridzwa runopinda mukati meInner Mongolia
- Mutianyu uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemasvingo eMing-era pedyo neBeijing