Marine turtles, anonziwo mahombekombe egungwa, apedza matambudziko emasikirwo, kukwira uye kuparadzwa kwezvimwe zvipenyu zvakadai sedinosaurs, asi zvino zvinotarisana nekupererwa kubva kune mhuka yavo huru: munhu.
Kune mairi marine turtle marudzi munyika yose, vose vanogoverana zvakasiyana-siyana mararamiro nemararamiro, kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvakasiyana.
Izvo zvipenyu zvakanyorwa pasi apa mu bold ndezvowanikwa muLatin America.
Nharaunda yavo yakasimuka kubva kuCentral America, pamwe nechezasi yePacific neCaribbean mhiri kweAtlantic kusvika kumaodzanyemba kweBrazil neUruguay. Iko kune mavara ehotera paGarpagos archipelago, asi usavhiringidze navo ne giant tortoises.
Iko kune kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza kwekuchengetedza kuchengetedza turtles. MuUrqua , chirongwa cheKarumbé chave chiri kutarisa nzvimbo mbiri dzekudyisa uye dzekusimudzira dzevana vechidiki turtles (Chelonia mydas) kwemakore mashanu. MuPanama, Chiriquí Beach, Panama Hawksbill Tracking Project chikamu cheCaribbean Conservation Corporation & Sea Turtle Survival League.
Zvitatu zvezvisikwa zvinomwe zvinopanganisa zvikuru:
- Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)
"Zita Rinofanirwa: Hawksbill - rakatumidzwa musoro wayo wakakomba uye hawk-semhandi.Scientific Name: Eretmochelys imbricata
Tsanangudzo: The hawksbill imwe yezviduku zviduku zvegungwa. Musoro wakamanikana uye une maviri maviri ep prefalal scales (zviyero pamberi pemeso ayo). Jaw harisi serred. Carapace ibonyani risina maguta uye ine huru, yepamusoro-kupeta (zviyero) zviripo uye ine 4 lateral scutes. Carapace iine chimiro chakasimba. Mapapiro ane 2 claws. Iyo carapace ndeyorangi, yebhuruki kana yhizha uye yehucheche inowanzo bhururu nemavhudzi akadzika pamagetsi.
Kukura: Vanhu vakuru vanosvika 2.5 kusvika ku 3 mamita mujapapace urefu (76-91 cm).
Kurema: Vanhu vakuru vanogona kuenzana pakati pe100 kusvika ku150 pounds (40-60 kg).
Zvokudya: Musoro wakakosha wewa hawksbill nemasaya akaumbwa semuromo unobvumira kuti uwane zvokudya kubva kune zvivako mumakorari emakoral. Vanodya sponges, anemones, squid uye shrimp.
Habitat: Kazhinji inowanikwa pasi pemhenderekedzo yegungwa, nzvimbo dzine matombo, nzvimbo dzinotyisa uye mahara.
Nesting: Nest panguva dzenguva dze2, 3, kana mamwe makore. Nyeredzi pakati pe2 kusvika ku4 pane imwe nguva. Ivhareji inosvika mazana maawa 160 mudendere rimwe nerimwe. Mazai anobatanidzwa kwemazuva makumi matanhatu.
Range: Zvizhinji zvekunaya kwezvikepe zvose zvegungwa. Maodzanyemba anobva kuTropical uye kumaodzanyemba kweAtlantic, Pacific uye Indian Ocean. "
Nhau thanks kwa Hawksbill Turtles.
- Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea)
"Zita Rinofanana: Leatherback - inonzi zita rayo rakasiyana-siyana iro rinoumbwa nechepakati, yakasimba, ganda rebhebho, rakasimbiswa nezviuru zviduku zviduku zvepfupa izvo zvinoita kuti zviite se" chechi. "
Scientific Name: Dermochelys coriacea
Tsanangudzo: Musoro une tsvina yakadzama yakakwirira ne 2 cusps. Iyo leatherback ndiyo yoga yega yegungwa isina chigamba chakaoma. Chikafu chayo chakakura, chakasanganiswa uye chinogadziriswa nemakoronga manomwe akasiyana anoshandisa kureba kwemhuka. Yakagadzirwa nehutete hweshungu, yakasimba, ganda rebhebho, rakasimbiswa nezviuru zviduku zviduku zvemapfupa, carapace haina zvikero, kunze kwezvipembenene. Zvose zvipfeko hazvina mahwendefa. Iyo carapace yakasviba mutsvuku kana kuti yakasviba nemavhenekera kana mavara, apo purasita ichichenesa kune yakasviba uye yakarongedzwa nemaguta mashanu. Masango ane machena machena pa carapace.
Kukura: 4 kusvika kumakumbo matanhatu (121-183 cm). Chikwata chikuru pane zvose chakanyorwa chakange chakareba mamita 305 kubva pamucheto wemoyo wayo kusvika kumucheto wemuswe waro uye yakayerwa mu 2,019 pounds (916 kg).
Kurema: 550 kusvika 1,545 mapaundi (250-700 kg).
Zvokudya: Ngozi dzakagadzikana, dzakashata-dzakaita semasese. Masaya avo aizokuvadzwa nechinhu chero chipi zvacho kunze kwekudya kwemhuka dzakatetepa, saka vanodya zvinenge zvichingoitwa jellyfish. Zvinoshamisa kuti mhuka huru, inoshanda inogona kupona pakudya kwejellyfish, iyo inonyanya kunyorwa mumvura uye inoita sedhiyo inoshaya yezvibereko.
Habitat: Inowanika mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, kure nechekuchamhembe seAlaska uye nechokumaodzanyemba sekumaodzanyemba kweAfrica, kunyange kutsvaga kutsvaga tsvakurudzo yakarongeka kunoratidza kuti zvikwata zvekucheka zvinopa zvokudya munzvimbo dziri kunze kwenyika. Inozivikanwa kuti inoshanda mumvura iri pasi pemadhora makumi mana Fahrenheit, iyo yega yemhuka inonzi inozivikanwa kuti inoramba ichishanda pamhepo yakadzika yakadaro.
Nesting: Nest panguva dzenguva yemakore maviri kusvika ku3, kunyange kutsvaga kwekupedzisira kwakaratidza kuti vanogona kudyara gore negore. Nespakati pakati pe6 kusvika ku9 pane imwe nguva, pamwe nereji yemazuva gumi pakati pekuita. Ivhareji yezana mazai makumi mapfumbamwe akabatanidzwa, uwandu hwebhiridhiyadhi bhora, uye makumi matatu, mazai asina kufanana, mudendere rimwe nerimwe. Mazai anobatanidzwa kwemazuva anenge 65. Kusiyana nedzimwe mhuka dzegungwa dzegungwa, vakadzi veshumba vanogona kuchinja matendere emhenderekedzo, kunyange vachida kuramba vari munzvimbo imwe chete.
Range: Yakanyanya kuparadzirwa kune dzose dzegungwa. Yakapararira munyika yose uye yakakura kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba kwezvenyika yose yegungwa turtle. Nechimiro chayo chakakanganiswa uye mhepo yakasimba yepamusoro, ganda rinogona kushambira zviuru zvemakiromita pamvura yakazaruka uye kurwisana nemhepo. "
Info thanks to Leatherback Turtles.
- Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii)
"Zita Rokufanana: Ridley yaKemp yainzi Kemp yaRichard Kemp, uyo akabatsira kuwana nekudzidza iyo turtle Hakuna munhu anonyatsoziva kuti nei inonzi ridley, zvichida nekuda kwekuita saiye anofara.Scientific Name: Lepidochelys kempii
Tsananguro: Musoro unononoka uye hutatu muhukuru. Carapace ibonyani risina maguta uye ine mitsara mikuru, isina kuvhara (zviyero) zviripo. Carapace ine 5 lateral scutes uye yakapoteredzwa. Front flippers ine 1 claw, nepo mushure mutsva une zvigunwe 1 kana 2. Vanhu vakuru vane girafu rakasvibirira carapace nemuchena mutsvuku kana machena, nepo hatchlings iri jet rima.
Kukura: Vanhu vakuru vanoyera makumbo masere (65 cm
Kurema: Vanhu vakuru vanoyera pakati pe 77 ne100 makirogiramu (35-45 kg).
Zvokudya: Ivai nemasese ane simba anovabatsira kupwanya nekukuya mapanga, kunya, mussels, uye shrimp. Vanodawo kudya hove, maruva emvura, squid uye jellyfish.
Habitat: Sarudza nzvimbo dzisina kudzika dzine mabhoti ejecha uye matope.
Nesting: Riempys nest yaKemp kakawanda kupfuura dzimwe mhuka, gore rimwe nerimwe 1 1/2 pavhareji. Izvowo dzinogara mumisasa yakaenzana yakagadziriswa inonzi arribadas (Spanish kuti "kusvika"). Mugove wegawi wegawi chete unotakura nenzira iyi. Kemp's ridley nest 2 - katatu imwe neimwe yegore. Vanoisa mavhareji gumi nemana mairi mairi mazai pane imwe nenyuchi uye mazai anotora kwemazuva anenge 55.
Range: Vanhu vakuru vanowanzosara kuGulf of Mexico. Aya mavheji akasiyana pakati pemvura inotyisa uye yakadzika kumahombekombe egungwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweAtlantic Ocean uye anogona kuwanikwa kumusoro uye pasi kumhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kweUnited States. "
Nhau thanks Kemp Ridley Turtles.
Vatatu vari pangozi:
- Loggerhead (Caretta caretta)
"Zita Rinofanana: Loggerhead - inodanwa musoro wayo mukuru kwazvo.Scientific Name: Caretta caretta
Tsanangudzo: Musoro wakakura kwazvo uye ane mitsipa yakasimba yakasimba. Carapace iine bony isina maguta uye ine huru, isingaregi, inopesana (zviyero) inowanikwa ne 5 lateral inonzi. Carapace yakaumbwa nemwoyo Mapurati epamberi akafupi uye akareba ane 2 mavara. Izvo zvipembenene zvemashure zvinogona kuva nemagetsi maviri kana matatu. Carapace isvuku-tsvuku uye ine purasitiki yakatsvuku. Zvipukanana zvine carapace yakasviba-mutsvuku nemapapiro akachena machena pamakona.
Kukura: Kazhinji 2.5 kusvika ku3,5 mamita mujapapace urefu (73-107 cm).
Kurema: Mukuru anorema kusvika pamakirogiramu 159.
Zvokudya: Anonyanya kudya uye anodyisa zvikuru pahoveve dzinogara pasi pegungwa. Vanodya mahwende ehhashi, mahwendefa, mussels, uye mamwe mavara. Masimba avo emasimba ane simba anobatsira kuti nyore nyore kupwanya shellfish.
Habitat: Sarudza kudyidzana mumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa mvura, pamwe chete mumvura isina kudzika iri pamakamuri emakamuri eAfrica, Atlantic, Pacific uye Indian Ocean.
Nesting: Nest panguva dzenguva dze2, 3, kana mamwe makore. Vanorara 4 kusvika ku7 nenyati pamwaka wose, anenge mazuva gumi nemaviri kusvika ku14. Izvo zvikamu zvemaawa zana kusvika ku126 mudendere rimwe nerimwe. Mazai anobatanidzwa kwemazuva makumi matanhatu.
Range: Inowanikwa mumvura yose inotyisa uye inotyisa munyika yose. "
Nyaya yeKurgerhead Turtles.
- Olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea)
"Zita Rinofanana: Olive ridley - anonzi maorivhi ayo mavara machenaScientific Name: Lepidochelys olivaceaf
Tsananguro: Musoro wacho muduku. Carapace ibonyane isina maguta uye ine zvikero zvakakura (zviyero) zviripo. Carapace ine makore matanhatu kana kupfuura apfuura uye inenge yakatenderera uye inotapira. Muviri waro wakadzika kupfuura weKef's Ridley sea turtle yakafanana. Zvose zviri mberi nemashure mapuranga ane 1 kana 2 magwisi anooneka. Pane dzimwe nguva kumwe kuvhara kwepamberi. Vatongi vane marashi grey muvara, asi vanhu vakuru vemafu machena. Hatchlings yakasviba kana yakanyoroveswa nemakwenzi matsvuku.
Kukura: Vanhu vakuru vanosvika 2 kusvika ku2,5 mamita (62-70 cm) mu carapace.
Kurema: Vanhu vakuru vanoyera pakati pe 77 ne100 makirogiramu (35-45 kg).
Zvokudya: Iva nemasese ane simba anobvumira kudya kweomnivore yemagustaceans (suach as shrimp & crabs), mollusks, tunicates, hove, crabs, uye shrimp.
Habitat: Kazhinji inowanika mumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa, asi inogona kunge ine oceanic pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzaro. Inowanzochera gungwa mumvura yakadzika kana kuti inyura kune yakadzika mamita 150 kuti idyidze pasi padzimba dzepasi.
Nesting: Nest gore negore mu arribadas. Nyeredzi 2 nguva imwe neimwe yegore. Ivhareji yemasikati anopfuura 105 mudendere rimwe nerimwe. Mazai anobatanidzwa kwemazuva makumi mashanu. Ivhareji ye clutch ine mazai anopfuura 110 anoda 52 kusvika ku 58 mazuva ekudzivirira nguva.
Range: Muorivhi wemiorivhi unogara mvura inotonhorera uye inowanikwa pasi pePacific, Indian uye Atlantic Oceans. "
Nhau thanks Olive Ridley Turtles.
- Green (Chelonia mydas)
"Zita Rakafanana: Gungwa regungwa turtle-rinonzi maruva mavara machena pasi payo. (Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, Pacific green turtle inonziwo gungwa regungwa turtle.)Scientific Name: Chelonia mydas
Tsanangudzo: Zvinonyatsosiyaniswa nedzimwe dziva dzegungwa nokuti dzine bhokisi rimwe chete rezvinyorwa zvepamberi (zviyero pamberi pemeso ayo), panzvimbo peviri mbiri sezvimwe dzimwe dziva dzegungwa dzine. Musoro muduku uye wakajeka nejaya rakasungwa. Carapace ibonyani risina maguta uye ine huru, isina kupindira, mitsindo (zviyero) inowanikwa ne 4 chete lateral scutes. Mutumbi unenge wakanyanyisa uye unoodzwa mwoyo (wakavezwa) uchienzaniswa nePacific green turtles. Zvose mapuranga ane 1 claw inooneka. Muvara wejapapise unobva kubva pakasvibirira kusvikira kune rima rakajeka uye rakajeka kusvika kune michina yakajeka yemajena, yemavara uye yemavara ine micheka yakaoma. Icho chivara chinoparadzaniswa nemuchena, tsvina yakachena kana kuti tsvuku muAtlantic kusvika kune rima grey-bluish-ruvara muPacific populations. Zvisikwa zvakasvibirira kana zviduku zvakasviba nechepasi pasi nechepamusoro pemapapiro machena.
Kuenzanisira, Pacific green turtle (aka Black Sea Turtle) ine muviri wakakwiridzirwa zvakasimba kana wakavharwa uye unotarisa zvishomanana kumeso mberi kune mamwe mavara egungwa. Mucherechero ndiyo iyo iwe unoona kusiyana kwakakura nemafuta ePacific ane ruvara rutsvuku kusvika kune carapace yakasviba uye hatchlings iri masikati-machena kana kuti madema ane mhepo yakasviba muganhu nechena pasi.
Kukura: Vanhu vakuru vane 3.5 kusvika ku 4 mamita mujapapace urefu (76-91 cm). Huru yehotera ndiyo yakakura mumhuri yeCheloniidae. Iyo yakawanda yegorosi yakakura yakawanikwa yakaita mamita 152 murefu uye 871 pounds (395 kg).
Kurema: Mukuru anorema pakati pemakiromita 300 kusvika kuzana (makiro 136 kusvika ku80).
Zvokudya: Kuchinja kwakanyanya munguva yehupenyu hwahwo. Apo pasi pe-8 kusvika ku10 masendimita murefu inodya mhonye, vechidiki vechidiki, zvipembenene zvegungwa, uswa uye algae. Kana imwe ruvara rwehutu ruchinge ruchiita masendimita 8 kusvika ku10 murefu, inowanzodya gungwa uswa uye algae, iyo yega yega yegungwa iyo inonyanya kunakidza semunhu mukuru. Misaya yavo yakanyatsonaka yakavadzivirira iyo inobvisa mbeu.
Nzvimbo: Gara uchigara pedyo negungwa uye kune zviwi zvakapoteredza uye ugarame mumigwagwa uye nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine mabhedha emhepo. Kazhinji ivo vanocherechedza mugungwa rakazaruka.
Nesting: Chiredzi cheGreen turtles panguva dzakapetwa 2, 3, kana kupfuura mamwe makore, ane gore rakawandisa gore negore kuchinja kwehuwandu hwevakadzi vanoita nesting. Nhungai pakati pe3 kusvika ku5 pane imwe nguva. Ivhareji yezana mazai 115 mudendere rimwe nerimwe, mazai ari kubatanidzwa kwemazuva makumi matanhatu.
Range: Inowanikwa mumvura yose inotyisa uye inotyisa munyika yose. "
Nhau thanks Green turtles.Imwe mhuka ndeyega yoga yeramangwana isingazivikanwi:
- Flatback (Natator depressus)
"Zita Rinofanana: Australian flatback - inodanwa nokuti shell yayo yakazara.Scientific Name: Natator depressus
Tsananguro: Musoro unobata rimwe raviri rep prefalal zvikero (zviyero pamberi pemeso ayo). Carapace ibonyani risina maguta uye ine huru, isina kupindira, mitsindo (zviyero) inowanikwa ne 4 chete lateral scutes. Carapace inenge yakasvibira kana kuti inotenderera uye muviri unoperera. Flippers ane 1 claw. Edge of carapace inosungirirwa uye yakafukidzwa nechepeta, isiri-inoputika yaxy scutes. Carapace ndeyomuorivhi nemucheka wakaoma-ruvara / tsvuku pazhivi uye mapapiro machena machena. Izvo zvipfeko zvezvipembenene zvinoumba ruvara rwemweya-grey reticulate pattern, uye pakati pezvimwe zvose zvinokonzerwa nemafuta ane maorivhi.
Kukura: Vanhu vakuru vanokwanisa kusvika kusvika pamamita makumi maviri nemakumi matatu pakureba (99 cm).
Kurema: Vanhu vakuru vanoyera kuenzana kwemakirogiramu makumi mana (90 kg).
Zvokudya: Zviri pachena kuti inodya maruke egungwa, jellyfish, mollusks, prawns, bryozoans, dzimwe dzisina kufanana uye gungwa.
Habitat: Sarudza kunyura mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, nzvimbo dzegungwa, kumhenderekedzo yemakorari uye mashuzha.
Nesting: Inosvibisa 4 kanhi pamwaka. Izvo zviyero zvemaawa maawa makumi mashanu panguva, asi izvi zvakaenzana zvikuru. Mazai anobata kwemazuva anenge 55. Apo zvipembenene zvinobuda, zvikuru pane zvisikwa zvakawanda.
Range: Yakanyanya. Inowanikwa mumvura yakapoteredza Australia nePapua New Guinea muPacific. "
Nhau thanks Flatback Turtles.