Rusvingo rwaHadrian rwakambocherechedza muganhu wekumusoro weHurumende yeRoma. Yakatarisa makiromita anoda kusvika makumi mana nemana, kuyambuka mutsipa wakamanikana wepurovhinzi yeRoma yeBritannia, kubva kuNorth Sea kumabvazuva kusvika kuSolway Firth ports yeIrish Sea kumavirira. Yakayambuka dzimwe dzesango, dzakanakisa nzvimbo dzemuEngland.
Nhasi, makore anoda kusvika 2 000 mushure mekuvakwa kwayo, iyi inzvimbo yeUNESCO World Heritage Site uye inonyanyozivikanwa nevekushanyirwa kwevatariri muNorthern England.
Chimwe chinoshamisa chacho chinoramba chiri - mune dzimba uye dzimba, mu "maireles castles" uye dzimba dzekushambidza, dzimba, dzimba uye munguva refu, dzisingatongorongedzwi dzorusvingo pacharo. Vashanyi vanogona kufamba munzira, kufamba-famba kana kutyaira kune zvakawanda zvezvikamu zvaro, vanoshanya zvinonakidza mumamamuziyamu uye mabhuku ekuchera matongo, kana kutotora bhazi rakatsaurirwa - nzira # AD122 - pamwe chete nayo. Nhoroondo yeRoma inowanzoziva kuti nhamba yemigwagwa yebhazi segore iro Hadrian's Wall yakavakwa.
Hadith's Wall: A Short History
VaRoma vainge vatora muBritain kubva muna AD 43 uye vakanga vapinda muScotland, vachikunda madzinza eScotland, muna AD 85. Asi vaScots vakaramba vari nhamo yakaoma uye muna AD 117, apo mambo Hadrian akauya, akaraira kuvaka kwemasvingo kuti iwirirane uye kudzivirira umambo hwekuchamhembe kumucheto. Akauya kuzoritora muna AD 122 uye iyo inowanzo zuva rakapiwa nokuda kwaro asi asi, pane zvose zvingave, yakatangwa kare.
Yakatevera nzira yemugwagwa wakawanda wepakutanga weRoma kumativi ose enyika, Stanegate, uye dzakawanda dzedzimba dzayo uye nheyo dzenyika dzakave dzichiripo zvisati zvavakwa rusvingo. Kunyange zvakadaro, Hadrian kazhinji anowana chikwereti chose. Uye chimwe chezvinhu zvake zvitsva zvaive kusikwa kwemasuo emasvingo mumadziro kuitira kuti mitero nemari inokwanisika kuunganidzwe kubva kune vanhu vanoyambuka miganhu pamusika wemusika.
Yakatora mauto matatu eRoma - kana varume 15 000 - makore matanhatu kuti apedzise kubudirira kweunyanzvi, munzvimbo dzakasviba, makomo, nzizi uye nzizi, uye kuwedzera gungwa kumhenderekedzo.
Asi vaRoma vakanga vatotarisana nechisimba kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana. Nenguva iyo vakavaka rusvingo, Umambo hwakanga hwava huri kuderera. Vakaedza kusundira kuchamhembe kuenda kuScotland uye vakasiya muchidimbu rusvingo apo pavakavaka imwe makiromita zana kuchamhembe. IAntonine Wall kuScotland haina kumbopfuura zvakakura kudarika chivakwa chemaira makumi mana kare pasi rose VaRoma vasati vadzokera shure kuHadrian's Wall.
Pakazosvika mazana matatu gare gare, muna 410 AD, vaRoma vakanga vabva uye rusvingo rwakanga rwuri kurega. Kwenguva yakati, vatongi vekugara vakachengetedza mitambo yekodhi nematare emunharaunda emunharaunda pamwe chete nemadziro, asi nguva pfupi isati yasvika, yakava zvishoma kudarika gadziriro yekugadzirira zvinhu zvokuvaka. Kana iwe ukashanyira mutaundi mhiri kwechikamu icho cheEngland, uchaona zviratidzo zvekupfekedzwa graniti yeRoma mumasvingo emamachechi ekumabvazuva uye chivakwa chevanhu, dzimba, kunyange matombo ematombo nematombo. Zvinoshamisa kuti zvakawanda zveHadrian's Wall achiripo kuti iwe uone.
Ndekupi uye Sei Kuzviona?
Vashanyi veHadrian Wall vanokwanisa kusarudza kufamba pamadziro pachavo, kushanyira nzvimbo dzinonakidza nemamyuziyamu pamadziro kana kuti kubatanidza mabasa maviri.
Zvaunosarudza zvichange zvichitarisira, zvimwe pane zvaunofarira kuita zvinhu zvekunze.
Kufamba Kwemadziro: Nzira dzakanakisisa dzomusvingo rweRoma rusvingo ruri pakati penyika pamwe neHadrian's Wall Path, iyo Long Distance National Trail. Iyo yakareba kupfuura yakadzika iri pakati peBirdoswald Roman Fort uye Sycamore Gap.Iyo inonyanya kusvika pamadziro pedyo neCafieldfield neChris Rigg muNorthernhumberland National Park. Zvakawanda zveizvi nzvimbo inonyengera yakaoma, inoratidzirwa kuva nehasha. mamiriro okunze achinjeka nemakomo akadzika mumakomo. Nenguva isipi, nzira inogona kugoverwa kuva shoma uye yakatenderera yakareba - pakati pekumisa pamugwagwa weAd122, zvichida. Bhasi rinotanga kubva pakutanga kwaMarch kusvika pakupera kwaOctober (kutanga nekuguma kwemwaka unoita seinochinja gore negore, saka zvakanakisisa chengetedza nguva yeIndaneti).
Iyo inogara ichingomira asi iyo inomira kuti inotora vatambi vanoenda kupi uko yakachengeteka kuita kudaro.
Sangano rekushanyirwa Hadrian's Wall Country, rinobudisa bhuku rinobatsira, rinogona kutakurwa pamusoro pekufamba Hadrian's Wall iyo inosanganisira dzakawanda zvakajeka, nyore kushandisa mapepa ane ruzivo pamusoro pezviteshi zvebhazi, mahofisi uye mahofisi, motokari, nzvimbo dzepamusoro, nzvimbo dzekudya nekumwa uye nzvimbo dzekugara. Kana uri kuronga rwendo rwokufamba munharaunda iyi, zvirokwazvo download iyi bhuku rakanakisisa, rakasununguka, rine mapeji 44.
Kushanda-bhomba Murusvingo: Hadrian's Cycleway, chikamu cheNational Cycle Network, chinoratidzwa seCNR 72 pane zviratidzo. Icho hachisi gomo rebhayisikoro regomo kuitira kuti rirege kutevera rusvingo pamusoro pevhu rakaoma, asi rinoshandisa migwagwa yakagadzirwa nemigwagwa duku dzisingasviki pedyo. Kana iwe uchida chaizvo kuona rusvingo, unofanira kuwana bhasikoro rako nekukwira kwaro.
Zvikwangwani: Kufamba rusvingo kwakanaka kune vanofarira kunze kunze asi kana iwe uchifarira VaRoma kumucheto wekumusoro kweumambo hwavo, iwe uchazove wakawana nzvimbo dzakawanda dzezvokuchera matongo uye zviratidzo pamadziro zvinogutsa. Vakawanda vane kupaka uye vanogona kusvika pamotokari kana kunzvimbo yebhazi. Vazhinji vanochengetedzwa neNational Trust kana English Heritage (kazhinji pamwe chete) uye vamwe vane mvumo yekugamuchira. Izvi ndizvo zvakanakisisa:
- Birdoswald Roman Fort ndiyo nzvimbo yerefu yakareba yakasara yakatambanudzwa yemadziro. Rusvingo rwokunze rwunodzivirira rune simba pachayo ndiro rakachengetedzwa pane chero ripi zvaro pamadziro uye rinopinda nzvimbo yose yenhare, kusanganisira granari uye zvishanu zvitanhatu zvaro zvekutanga. Nzvimbo iyi yakabudisa humwe humwe hwakanakisisa hwekuchera matongo hwezvakaitika kuHadrian Wall apo VaRoma vakabva kuBritain. Zviitiko zvitsva zvevakashanyi uye zvivako, zvakavakirwa nekutsvaga kwemamiriyoni 1,3 mamiriyoni, kuzarurirwa kuvanhu muna 2018. Vanosanganisira mharidzo mvumo inobvumira vashanyi kuti vapinde munyika yevarwi veRoma, cafe, dhiki uye imba yemhuri mabasa emhuri.
- Vhura kubva munaMarch 30 kusvika paSeptember 30, 10 kusvika muna 6 pm uye kubva munaOctober 1 kusvikaNovember 4 kusvika 5 pm Kubva munaNovember 5 kusvika March 29, Birdoswald inongovhurwa mavhiki. Kubvumwa kwevanhu vakuru kunze kweChip Aid kune £ 6.50; mathikiti emwana uye emhuri uyewo kubvumirana kuripo. Nzvimbo iyi inowanikwa paIrish Heritage Overseas Vanoshanyira Pass .
- Chesters Roman Fort uye Museum, anenge makiromita makumi matatu kubva kumucheto kumabvazuva kwemasvingo, ndiyo yakanakisisa yakachengetedzwa yevarwi vemabhiza eRoma nesimba uye yevashamba yeimba muBritain. Imba yekushambidza, pedyo neRwizi Tyne inonakidza, ine masvingo akachengetedzwa kusvika pakakwirira kwekutanga kwemasvingo mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kune dzimba uye mutambi wemukuru wemapuranga uye pamwe chete neyamamoriamu akaisvonaka ane zviwanikwa zvekuchera matongo kubva panzvimbo. Chimwe chikonzero che Chest chingachengetedzwa zvakanyanya ndechekuti chakanga chakadzivirirwa kubva kune vakororo vematombo nekurima nemuridzi wemunharaunda, John Clayton, uyo akachera nekuchengetedza nzvimbo (uye nevamwe vaakawana pamadziro) basa rehupenyu hwake. Yakanga iri hupenyu hurefu hwezera, kuburikidza nekudzoka kwezana remakore rechi19 kusvika kuma20, kubva muna 1792 kusvikira muna 1890.
- Maawa okuzarura akafanana neaya eBirdoswald Roman Fort, pamusoro. Kubvuma kwevakuru, pasina Gift Aid kune £ 7; mathikiti emwana uye emhuri uyewo kubvumirana kuripo. Nzvimbo iyi inowanikwa paIrish Heritage Overseas Vanoshanyira Pass .
- Corbridge Roman Town. Kwemakore 350, Corbridge zvishoma nezvishoma yakashanduka kubva kumauto emasvingo eRoma kuenda kuguta rakakura raive nehurumende umo vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana vanobva kumativi ose eEurope vaigara uye vaitengesa. Muna 2018, vashanyi vanogona kuona michero ye £ 575,000 inotengeswa mune imwe mharidzo inoita kuti pave nemamiriro ekunze anopfuura 150 000 zvinhu zvakawanikwa panzvimbo iyi. The Corbridge artifact collection ndeimwe yepamusoro mukuchengetwa kweChirungu Heritage. Inenge 20 muzana yeCorbridge Collection, girazi, ivhu, zvishongo uye zvishongo zvepanyika, hazvina kumboonekwa pachena pamberi pevanhu. Nzvimbo iyi inenge makiromita makumi maviri kumadokero kweNewcastle-upon-Tyne neA69. Iko kune mabasa ebhazi kubva muguta uyewo mumusha weHexham. Guta remazuva ano reCorbridge rinoshandiswa nezvitima uye nzvimbo yacho inenge kufamba kwemaminitsi makumi maviri kubva panzvimbo yeRoma. Pane zvishoma zvingasungirirwa motokari panzvimbo iyi uye kune imwe nzvimbo yepasimusi yakasununguka muguta remazuva ano, anenge makiromita nehafu kubva ipapo.
- Maawa okuzarura akafanana neBirdoswald naChesters, pamusoro. Kubvuma kwevakuru kune £ 7.60, nemwana, matikiti emhuri uye kubvumirwa kunowanikwa pamwe nekuiswa muVashanyi vekuDarika kweEastreas. Panguva yekunyora (musi waMarch 24, 2018) nzvimbo yekuchengetedza nzvimbo yakavharwa kugadzirira chiratidziro chitsva. Kusvikira musi waApril 27, 2018., apo inenge yasarudzwa kuzarurazve, mutengo wakaderedzwa wokupinda unoshanda.
- Imba yeRoma Fort Fort, iyo yakakwana yakakwana yeRoma muBrithani, iri pamucheto weNorthernhumberland National Park pedyo neBardon Mill / Haydon Bridge kana Haltwhistle zviteshi zvezvitima. Nzvimbo yayo yakakwirira inopa maonero anoshamisa pamusoro penharaunda yakapoteredza, uye kumabvazuva kweimba yakakwirira kumativi ekumusoro, nzvimbo dzakakura dzeHadrian's Wall. Anosvika 800 mauto eRoma aigara uye aishanda paHomeesteads. Uye havana kunyara pamusoro pehuchenjeri hwavo; Maererano neEngland Heritage iyo, pamwe neNational Trust, inotora uye inotarisira nzvimbo yacho, zita rekutanga renhare, Vercovicium, rinoreva "nzvimbo yevashandi vanobudirira" Nzvimbo iyi inosanganisira imba yekuchengetedza, chipatara, imba yevatungamiriri uye dzimba dzekugara. Imyuziyamu iri panzvimbo ino inoratidza kuti rakasimba sei uye guta riri pedyo nehurumende, rakavakwa. Kune National Trust Visitor Center nezororo. Nzvimbo iyi inoda humwe hutano hwomutambo sezvo kufamba kwemaminiti gumi kubva kuMuvakirisi weChechi kuenda kunhare pachayo kunotsanangurwa se "zvakakosha."
- Maawa okuzarura , mamiriro ekupinda uye kushandiswa kweChirungu yeChirungu chekuMaruwa kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika Vanopfuura Kupfuura zvakafanana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeIngland Heritage pamadziro. Mutemo mukuru wevanhu vakuru ndeye £ 7.80.
Kuratidzwa kweHadrian's Wall
Hadrian's Wall Ltd. inopa mazendo uye mapfupi marefu pamadziro, kubva pazuva rimwe chete, 4-gumbo-drive safari nekumisa panzvimbo huru pamadziro kusvika kwemaviri kana matatu usiku husiku huno pfupi muimba yakadzika iri pedyo nefarisi, iwe pachako -kufamba kana kutungamirirwa kufamba pamwe chete nemotokari inodonha uye inotora. Zvisarudzo zvekambani zvakakosha kune ani zvake asingadi kufamba marara akachengetwa zuva rega rega kana kuti anonetseka pamusoro pekufamba marefu marefu munzvimbo yakaoma, mhepo ine mhepo. Mitengo (muna 2018) yakabva pa £ 250 kumapoka evanhu vanosvika matanhatu pazuva rimwe chete safari kusvika pa £ 275 munhu mumwechete kweusiku hutatu, pakati pekiki kupfupika kwemafarisi uye kufamba kwekutungamira.
Hadrian's Wall Country, iyo yakaisvonaka yepamutemo yebhizinesi yemabhizimisi, zvinonakidza uye zvikwangwani pamwe chete nehurefu hwaHadrian's Wall, rine runyora rwevakakwanisa uye vanokurudzira mazano ekufambisa avo vanogona kushanyira kumadziro zvinoreva, anofadza uye akachengeteka.
Icho Chinhu Chiri Pedyo
Pakati peNewcastle / Gateshead kumabvazuva uye Carlisle kumadokero, iyi inzvimbo yakazara yakazara nhare, zvivako, nharaunda dzeMedhia uye dzeRoma zvinotora mazwi zviuru makumi maviri kuti aite zvose. Kamwe zvakare, chengeta Hadrian's Wall Country website, iyo mashoko akanaka uye mashizha anobatsira ane zvinhu zvokuita kune zvose zvinodiwa munzvimbo.
Asi, mumwe "anofanirwa kushanyira" nzvimbo ndeyeRoma Vindolanda muRoma Army Museum, kushanda kwekuchera matongo, nzvimbo yekudzidzisa uye kukoshesa kwemhuri kwete kure nemadziro. Zvose zhizha, vanochera matongo vanofumura zvinhu zvinoshamisa pamusasa wevasungwa iyo yakagara yakagadzirwa neHadrian Wall uye yakagara sechishanda chekushanda kusvikira muzana ramakore rechigumi nemana, makore mazana mana mushure mekunge rusvingo rwakasiyiwa. Vindolanda akashanda senheyo uye nzvimbo yekuchengetera varwi nevashandi vakavaka Hadithi yeRusvingo.
Pakati pezvenzvimbo dzinoshamisa zvinowanikwa pane mahwendefa ekunyora aVindolanda. Mahwendefa, tsvina dzakatetepa dzematanda akavharwa netsamba nemakalata, ndiyo mienzaniso yekare yakasara yezvinyorwa zvakambowanikwa muBritain. Yakasarudzwa nedzimwe nyanzvi uye sangano se "Hurumende Yenyika yeBrithani", pfungwa uye manzwiro emagwaro aya ndeyeuchapupu kumashoko evanhu ezuva nezuva ehupenyu hwemauto eRoma nevashandi. Kukwazisa kwezuva rokuzvarwa, kukoka kwepati, kukumbira kwekutengeswa kwepurasitiki nemasokisi akadziya zvinonyorwa pamapande mashoma, akafanana nemapuranga ematanda, anoshamisa zvinoshamisa makore anenge 2 000 nokuvigwa mumhepo, mumhepo yakasununguka. Icho hachisi chimwe chinhu chakafanana nematafura aya munyika. Mahwendefa mazhinji anochengetwa paBritish Museum muLondon, asi kubva muna 2011, nekuda kwemaundi akawanda emamiriyoni emari, dzimwe dzetsamba dzadzorerwa ikozvino kuVindolanda, uko dzinoratidzwa mumhosva yakanyatsovharwa. Vindolanda ishamwari-yemhuri, ine mabasa, mafirimu, zviratidzo uye mukana wekuona uye kubatanidzwa mune zvechokwadi zvecheracheology muzhizha rose. Nzvimbo iyi inotungamirirwa nechivimbo chekutenda uye kubvuma kuripo.