Iri pedyo nemhenderekedzo yeQueensland, Australia, Great Barrier Reef ndiyo yakawanda yemakorari reef system panyika. Inopfuurira kune imwe nzvimbo inenge 133,000 makiromita makiromita / 344 400 makiromita makiromita uye inosvika zviyero zvinopfuura 2 900 dzakasiyana. Nzvimbo Inzvimbo Yenyika Kubva muna 1981, inogona kuonekwa kubva munzvimbo uye iyo chiratidzo cheAustralia chinowanikwa neAsers Rock, kana kuti Uluru . Iko kumusha kunopfuura 9 000 marine species (akawanda acho akaisa pangozi), uye inogadzira anenge madhora madhiyoni matanhatu kuburikidza nekushanyirwa uye kushambadzira gore negore.
Pasinei nehuwandu hwayo sehupfumi hwenyika, Great Barrier Reef yakambotambudzwa mumakore achangopfuura nehuwandu hwevanhu uye hwezvakatipoteredza-kusanganisira kufema nezvekushanda, kusvibiswa uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Muna 2012, pepa rakabudiswa neProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences inofungidzira kuti hurombo yemarara yakave yakarashika hafu yekoral yayo yokutanga yakavharwa. Mumashure maviri emashure emakoral-bleaching disasters, masayendisiti ari kunyanya kuongorora kana kwete iyo yakakosha sarudzo yakavakwa nemaviri mhenyu ane ramangwana.
Zvinhu Zvitsva
MunaMuvhuro 2017, zvakawanda zvinyorwa zvitsva zvakashuma kuti Great Barrier Reef yaiva pamubhedha waro. Izvi zvakasvika pazvitsitsinho zveongororo yepamhepo yakaitwa neAustralia Research Council's Center of Excellence yeCoral Reef Studies, iyo yakataura kuti pane mazana 800 emakungwa akaongororwa, 20% yakaratidza kurara kwekudzivirira kubvisa. Tsvakurudzo yakarongedza pamusoro pechitatu yepakati peGreat Barrier Reef system.
Migumisiro yaro inonyanya kuve ichifunga kuti chikamu chechitatu chekumusoro chemuyoyo wakave nekushaya kurasikirwa kwepfumbamwe kwekodal panguva yechiitiko chekutanga chekudzivirira ropa muna 2016.
Pamwe chete, zviitiko zvekusvibiswa shure kwekushure kwemakore maviri ekupedzisira zvakakanganisa kukanganisa kwakanyanya pamatatu maviri ezvitatu zveyo reef system.
Kunzwisisa Koral Bleaching
Kuti uchinzwisise kuoma kwezviitiko izvi, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chii chinokonzera kubuda kwekorori. Matombo emakorari anoumbwa nemabhiriyoni e-coral polyps - zvisikwa zvipenyu zvinoenderana nehukama hwechibvumirano pamwe nemhuka dzakadai sezooxanthellae. Iyo zooxanthellae inokwanisa kuchengetedzwa nekoral polyps 'yakaoma kunze shell, uye iyo inopawo reef zvine michina uye oksijeni inogadzirwa kuburikidza nefosynthesis. Iyo zooxanthellae inopawo korari ruvara rwayo. Apo makorari anosimbiswa, anodzingira zooxanthellae, achivapa kuonekwa kwakachena kuchena.
Chikonzero chinonyanya kukonzerwa nekoral kushushikana chakawedzera kutonhora kwemaji. Bleached coral haisi marara akafa - kana mamiriro ezvinhu akakonzera kushungurudzika kuchinjwa, zooxanthellae inogona kudzoka uye mapepa anokwanisa kupora. Zvisinei, kana mamiriro acho achienderera mberi, mapepa acho akasara anowonzerwa nechirwere uye haakwanisi kukura kana kubereka zvinobudirira. Kurarama kwenguva yakareba hazvibviri, uye kana mapepa acho achibvumirwa kufa, mikana yekudzoka kwemvura yakafanana yakasviba.
Migumisiro yemakore maviri ekupedzisira kuitika kwekudzivirira mabhuku yakawedzerwa neChiputu Debbie, iyo yakakonzera kukanganisa kukuru kuGreat Barrier Reef uye kugungwa reQueensland kare muna 2017.
Kuparadzwa Kwakaitwa Sei
Chinonyanya kukonzera kukora kwekorari paGreat Barrier Reef kupisa kwepasi pose. Gorofu gasi inokonzerwa nokupisa kwefossil fuels (zvose muAustralia uye kune dzimwe nyika) dzave dzichiunganidza kubva pakusviba kweVashandi Revolution. Aya magasi anokonzera kupisa kunokonzerwa nezuva kuti kubatanidzwe mukati memhepo yepasi, kuwedzera kutonhora pasi pose uye mumakungwa munyika yose. Sezvo kutonhora kuchikwira, saizvozvo koral polyps sezvinoitwa neGreat Barrier Reef inowedzera kusimbiswa, pakupedzisira ichiita kuti vadzinge zooxanthellae yavo.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunobatsirawo kuchinja kwemaitiro emamiriro ekunze. Mukudengenyeka kweDutu reDebbie, masayendisiti akafanotaura kuti Gungwa reCoral richaona shoma shoma mumakore anotevera - asi avo vanozoitika vachave makuru zvikuru.
Kukanganisa kwakakonzerwa kumapanga ematokari akangoerekana atambura kunogona kutarisirwa kuipa zvakanyanya.
MuAustralia, basa rezvekurima uye rekushanda muQueensland gungwa riri kupawo zvakanyanya kuderera kwemvura. Sediment yakashambidzwa mumvura kubva kumapurazi kumativi enyika inokonzera coral polyps uye inodzivirira chiedza chezuva chinodiwa kuti photosynthesis isasvike ku zooxanthellae. Nutrients iri mune sediment inogadzira kusawirirana kwemakemikari mumvura, dzimwe nguva kunokonzera kuipa algal blooms. Saizvozvowo, kupararira kwemaindasitiri kumhenderekedzo yegungwa kwakaona kuvhiringidzwa kwakanyanya kwegungwa semugumisiro wemapurogiramu makuru ekuderedza.
Kudzvara kwepamusoro kune rimwe dambudziko guru kuhutano hwemangwana reGreat Barrier Reef. Muna 2016, Ellen McArthur Foundation yakashuma kuti kana kunze kwemaitiro ehove ikozvino kushanduka zvinoshamisa, pachava nehuwandu hwepurasitiki kupfuura hove mumakungwa enyika pasi pe2050. Somugumisiro, kuenzanisa kunokanganisa kunokonzera matombo emvura kunoenderana nokuti kupona kwavo kuri kuparadzwa. Pamusoro peGreat Barrier Reef, zvinokuvadza zvekushanda kwepamusoro zvinoratidzirwa nekuputika kwekorona-ye-minzwa nyota. Iyi mhuka yakatsvaira kunze kwekutonga semugumisiro wekuderedza kwezvikara zvayo zvepanyama, kusanganisira giant triton nenyota uye sweetlip emperor hove.
Inodya coral polyps, uye inogona kuparadza maturakiti makuru ehove kana nhamba dzaro dzasara dzisingabvunzwi.
Nguva Yemberi: Inogona Kuponeswa Here?
Zvechokwadi, maonero eGreat Barrier Reef haana urombo - zvokuti muna 2016, Magazini yakabuda kunze yakabudisa "mhirizhonga" yechipfuva remvura, iyo yakakurumidza kuenda. Zvisinei, apo Great Barrier Reef inorwara chaizvo, haisati yasara. Muna 2015, hurumende yeAustralia yakabudisa urongwa hweReef 2050 Rwokusimbiswa kwenguva refu, hwakagadzirirwa kuvandudza hutano hwehupenyu hwemakungwa mukuedza kuchengetedza mamiriro ayo seNESCO World Heritage Site. Urongwa hunoona humwe hufambira mberi - kusanganisira kurambidzwa kwekutsvaira zvinhu kuendeswa muHorld Heritage Area, uye kuderedzwa kwezvipembenene mune zvekurima kunopera ne 28%.
Nezvo zvichitaurirwa, Australia inotsigira zvikuru nezvekutsva kwemalahle uye kutengeserana, uye hurumende yayo inozivikanwa yakanyarara kana ine nyaya yezvakatipoteredza. Zviitiko zvekudzivirira kwegore ra2012 na2017 zvakanyanyisa kusimba kukwanisa kweRustainability Plan kusvika kune zvinangwa zvayo. Kune imwe nyika yepamusoro, chirongwa cheTrump chisarudzo chokubvisa Chibvumirano cheParis chinoonekwa nevakawanda sehuchapupu hwekuti hupfumi hwepasi rose hahuzomboderedzwi zvakakwana kuti uone kuderedzwa kunorevekesa kwekushisa kwegungwa pasi pose.
Kune rumwe rutivi, rumwe rudzi rumwe (kunze kweSiria neNicaragua) rwakasaina chibvumirano, saka zvichida kune tariro yokuti migumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro okunze inogona kushandurwa, kana kuti kuderedza mitemo.
The Bottom Line
Saka, nezvose izvi mupfungwa, zvichingofanirwa kuenda kune Great Barrier Reef here? Zvakanaka, zvinoenderana. Kana iyo reef system ndiyo chikonzero chako chekushanyira Australia, saka kwete, zvichida kwete. Kune dzakawanda zvakawanda zvinokomborera scuba diving uye kune dzimwe nyoka kune dzimwe nzvimbo - tarisa kune nzvimbo dziri kure kumabvazuva kweIndonesia, Philippines neMicronesia panzvimbo.
Zvisinei, kana uri kuenda kuAustralia kune zvimwe zvikonzero, pane zvimwe zvikamu zveGreat Barrier Reef izvo zvichiri kukosha kuongorora. Ikoko kumaodzanyemba kwechetatu chemugodhi wemvura yakasvibiswa, uye nzvimbo dziri kumaodzanyemba kweKedsville dzichipukunyuka zviitiko zvakashata zvekubuda kwemazuva ano. Ichokwadi, zvidzidzo zvinobva kuAustralian Institute of Marine Science zvinoratidza kuti maodzanyemba emakorale anoshandiswa zvakasimba. Pasinei nekuwedzera kwezvinokonzera kushungurudza kwemazana gumi apfuura, kuvhara kwekorari kwakanyatsogadziriswa munzvimbo ino.
Chimwe chikonzero chakanaka chokushanyira ndechokuti mari inogadzirwa neHarare Barrier Reef yekushambadzira inoita sechikonzero chakakosha chekuchengetedza kwekuchengetedza. Kana tikasiya nzira yerombo panguva yaro yakaoma, tingatarisira sei kumuka kwevakafa?