Kubva kuvaFeni kusvika kuVashori - A Short Survey
Kutsanangura "Irish Republican Army", kana kuti mufupi IRA, haisi nyore sezvinoratidzika - mumaonero evanhu pamwe chete nemachechi anopindira oga, masangano akawanda nemasangano anokanganiswa pasi pegore rino rakagadziriswa. Izvo zvinoita kuti dope rive nemvura. Uye kuguma hakusi kuonekwa, se "IRA flavor yemwedzi" mapoka akasiyana-siyana anooneka achigara achivhundutsa, achitsvaga, zita rechokwadi rezviitiko zvaro.
Heino mhedziso-shomanana yemasangano anonzi "Irish Republican Army", ane kana asina zvikwereti zvakare:
Irish Republican Army - 1866 kusvika 1870
Inguva ichitevera Hondo pakati peAmerica, mumakore pakati pe1866 na1870, US-based Fenian Brotherhood yakakurudzira uye yakaita "Fenian Raids". Idzi idzi dzakanga dzisingakundiki kurwiswa kwezvikwata zveBritish zvemauto uye zvigaro zvekuCanada, zvakatanga netariro yekudzvinyirira Britain kuti ibve kuIreland. Idzimhosva chaiyo yakaitwa ne-rag-tag assortment yevaFenians, vamwe vachiita kunge vakapfekedza yunifomu yeguru (uye zvimwe zvakangofanana neyunifomu yeUnited army) - mabhatani ayo akanga achiratidza kushandurwa kwe "IRA" yeIrish Republican Army. Uyewo mapegi ane iyo moniker inoita kunge yakatakurwa (kana yakaitwa yakagadzirwa).
Irish Republican Army - 1916 kusvika kuma1920s
Iyo moniker "Irish Republican Army" (kana kuti zvishoma zvishanduro zvakafanana) yakashandiswa panguva yePaster Rising of 1916, apo masangano akabatanidzwa evaIvory Volunteers neIrish Citizen Army vakaedza kuparadza ushe hweBritish muIreland.
Mushure mokundikana, zvakasara zvemauto ekupandukira zvakare zvakarongeka uye kubva muna 1918 nguva dzose vaitaura ivo pachavo seIrish Republican Army - mauto eIreland sehurumende inofamba nyika. Kubva muna1919 kusvika muna 1921 iyi Irish Republican Army yakarwa nemauto eBritain muhondo ye guerilla, Hondo yeAngland neIrish kana yeIrish War of Independence.
Apo izvi zvakaguma neChipatano , chikamu cheIrish Republican Army chakava mauto anogara ari muFree State, asi avo vasingabvumirani nekuparadzanisa kwakagadzira anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army ... iyo yakarwa neFree State mauto. Kunyange mushure mekukundwa, vazhinji muIrish Republican Army vakataura kuti ivo, uye kwete Dail Eireann, vakamirira hurumende yechokwadi yeIreland.
Irish Republican Army - Post-Civil War kusvikira kuma1960
IIrish Republican Army yakaramba iripo pasi pakafa mushure mekukundwa muIrish Civil War uye yakanga ichiri kushingaira kugadzirira kuputika kwehondo. Kurwisana kunowanzoitika, kuputika kwebhomba uye kuputika zvakaitika, zvose muIreland uye kune dzimwe nyika. Sezvo vachienderera mberi kutora mvumo yese se "hurumende yechokwadi" uye somutsivi weRipublic republic yeIrish sezvazvakaziviswa muna 1916, Irish Republican Army chaizvoizvo yakava inopisa-pfungwa yezvinangwa, maonero uye maonero. Kuchinja maitiro iye zvino uye nekudzivirira kubva kumunyanzvi hweCommunist kubatanidzwa pamwe neNazi Germany (zvose zvinodzivirirwa ne "kare" nenzira ipi zvayo inokosha "dzidziso inosarudzwa muvengi wese weBritain semunhu anogona kubatana). I "Border Campaign" munguva ye1950 nekutanga kwema1960 ndiyo yekupedzisira hurukuro yehondo yekushandurwa kweiyi yeIrish Republican Army.
1960s Split - Official IRA uye Provisional IRA
Muma1960, hutungamiri hweIrish Republican Army hwakaratidza (zvakare) neCommunist and Socialist pfungwa, dzichibvisa dzidziso yekubatsira nechezero ye Nationalist uye panzvimbo yekusarudza kubuda kwevanhu vose. Izvo zvakakundikana kupfeka, kunyanya nemhaka yemachechi muNorthern Ireland. Muna 1969, zvikamu zvakaparadzana.
Mutungamiri weIrish Irish Republican Army akaramba achirwisana nemauto eBritain kusvika muna 1972 ndokuzozivisa kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Kubva panguva iyo yakanyanya kuumba nhepfenyuro nemashoko ezvematongerwe enyika ezvematongerwo enyika, mukati mekunyengedza nevamwe veRa republican uye nekukwanisa kubatanidzwa mukurwisana kwakarongeka. Chete muna 2010 chakanga chisisina kubviswa.
Iri Ririmiro reRipublic Republican Army , iro rinozivikanwawo sePIRA kana "Provos", rakarwisana nehondo dzakawanda mumakore anotevera ndokuvaka nheyo yakasimba yezvematongerwe enyika kuburikidza neSinn Fein.
Kunyange zvazvo zvakanyanyobatanidzwa mukurwisana nemauto eBritish, PIRA yakange ichibatanidzwawo "mabasa epaduku" ayo aigona kuonekwa sekubatanidzwa mukurwisana kwakarongeka uye kusvinurira. Nekukwira kwenhare dzezvematongerwo enyika yeSinn Fein, PIRA yakava mutoro uye yakagutsikana kubvumirana nekuguma kwegore muna 1997, zvichiendesa kuChishanu cheChishanu chakanaka. MunaJuly 2005, Provisional Irish Republican Army yakaratidza kuguma kwehondo yehondo uye yakarambidza maoko ose.
Rimwe boka raipararira raiva Irish National Liberation Army.
Vasingadikanwi - CIRA naRIRA
Pamwe neHurumende neHurumende yeRipublic Republican Army inopinda zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kubhuruti kusvika kuvhoti, madhimoni apo (sezvakatarisirwa) akaodzwa mwoyo ndokutanga kuparadzaniswa ne "kare". Mapoka mashoma akaumbwa - kazhinji hazvisi pachena kana izvi zvikamu zvakasiyana, apo pane kuvhara uye chinangwa chaicho cheboka chii ... kuparadzanisa kazhinji kacho kusinganzwisisiki kwechirevo che "Free United Ireland".
Mapoka makuru maviri ekupikisa anotora zita rokuti Irish Republican Army uye nenzira yakakodzera:
- Kuenderera mberi kweIrish Republican Army (Kuenderera mberi IRA kana CIRA) yakasikwa seboka rinoparadzanisa reProvisional IRA muna 1986, asi harina kushanda nesimba kusvikira PIRA ichingopisa moto muna 1994. CIRA ichiri yakashonga uye yakashanda, simba rayo uye arsenal hazvizivikanwe. Mukati yechokwadi yeRubanism, CIRA yakaumba mapoka emapoka akasiyana-siyana anotaurawo kuti ndiye, chokwadi IRA.
- The Real Irish Republican Army (Real IRA kana RIRA) ndeimwe boka rakaparadzana rakaparadzana neProvisional IRA, iye zvino muna 1997 mushure mokuzivisa kwekuguma kwegore. IRAira ndiyo yakakura uye inoshanda zvikuru yezvikamu zviduku. Chaiva chekutonga kwekuuraya kuOmagh muna 1998.