Nhoroondo mu Little Rock
Fungidzira kuti ihwohwo husiku husati hwavapo zuva rako rokutanga rechikoro chepamusoro. Iwe uzere nemufaro, kutya uye kukanganisa. Iwe unoshamisika kuti chikoro chichave chakaita sei. Ko mapoka acho achava akaoma here? Vadzidzi vachakufarira here? Vadzidzisi vangave vane ushamwari here? Iwe unoda kukodzera mukati mako. Dumbu rako rakazadzwa nehovefuru apo iwe uchiedza kurara uye unoshamisika kuti mangwana achave akaita sei.
Zvino fungidzira kuti iwe uri mudzidzi mutema muna 1957 akagadzirira kuenda kuCheck Rock Central School kuti aedze izvo zvaiita sezvisingabviri - kusanganiswa kwezvikoro zvehurumende.
Vadzidzi ava vainyatsoziva izvo vanhu vanofunga nezvekupinda kwavo kuchikoro chepamusoro "chichena". Havana kushungurudzika nezvekukodzera. Vazhinji vatsvene, kusanganisira mubati panguva iyoyo, Orval Faubus, vakatarisana navo. Kunyanya kunetseka kuvadzidzi ndeyekuti vazhinji vemadimusi vaifungawo kuti kubatana kweCentral kunokonzera dambudziko rakawanda kumusara wavo kupfuura kunaka.
Usiku hwakapfuura Thelma Mothershed, Elizabeth Eckford, Melba Pattillo, Jefferson Thomas, Ernest Green, Minniejean Brown, Carlotta Walls, Terrence Roberts naGloria Ray, kana "Little Rock Nine" sezvinorangarirwa nhoroondo, vaifanira kuenda kuchikoro chesekondari usiku hune rugare hwehope. Yakanga iri usiku hwakazadzwa neruvengo. Faubus akazivisa kuti kubatana kwaisakwanisika mumashoko ekuterevhizheni ndokuraira Arkansas National Guard kuti inopoteredza Central High uye kuchengeta vese vemavara kunze kwechikoro. Vaizvichengeta kunze kwezuva rokutanga rekirasi.
Daisy Bates akarayira vadzidzi kuti vamumirire musi weChitatu, zuva repiri rechikoro, uye vakaronga kune vose vapfumbamwe vadzidzi uye pachake kupinda muchikoro pamwe chete. Nhamo, Elizabeth Eckford, mumwe wevane mapfumbamwe, akanga asina foni. Haana kumbogamuchira shoko uye akaedza kupinda muchikoro choga kuburikidza nevanopinda.
Mhomho yakatsamwa yakamuchingamidza, ichityisidzira kumubvambura, sezvo varindi veNational National Guard vakatarisa. Nenzira yakanaka, vaviri vatsvene vaifamba mberi kuzomubatsira uye iye akapukunyuka pasina kukuvara. Vamwe vasere vakatarirwawo kubvumirwa neNational Guard avo vaitungamirirwa naGavhuna Faubus.
Nguva pfupi mushure meizvi, Musi waSeptember 20, Mutongi Ronald N. Davies akapa varairi veAACP Thurgood Marshall uye Wiley Branton mutemo wakadzivisa Gavhuna Faubus kubva kushandisa National Guard kuti arambe vadzidzi vapfumbamwe vanoenda kuCentral High. Faubus akazivisa kuti aizoteerera dare redzimhosva asi akarayira kuti vapfumbamwe vagare kure kuti vadzivirire. Mutungamiri Eisenhower akatumira chikamu cheSvondo cheSvondo kubva kuCheck Rock kudzivirira vadzidzi vapfumbamwe. Mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe aive nechecheche rake. Vadzidzi vakapinda muCentral High uye vakachengetedzwa zvimwe, asi ivo ndivo vaitambudzwa. Vadzidzi vanopfira mate, vanovarova, uye vanodanidzira kutuka. Vanaamai vakachena vakadzinga vana vavo kuchikoro, uye kunyange vatema vakaudza vane mapfumbamwe kusiya. Sei vakagara pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro? Ernest Green anoti "Vana vedu takazviita zvikurukuru nokuti hatina kumboziva zviri nani, asi vabereki vedu vaida kuisa mabasa avo, uye dzimba dzavo pamutsetse."
Imwe yevasikana, Minniejean Brown, yakamiswa nekuda kwekuraira ndiro yechiri pamusoro wevamwe vaitambudza uye haina kupedza gore rechikoro. Imwe 8 yakapedzisa gore. Ernest Green akapedza chikoro gore iroro. Akanga ari wekutanga mutema wekunge apedza kudzidza kubva kuCentral High .
Iyo yakanga isiri mugumo wekuvenga kwakakomberedza mapfumbamwe. Faubus akaiswa pakudzivirira zvikoro zvake kuti zvibatane. Bhuku re Little Little School rakapiwa murairo unonoka kuwirirana kusvika muna 1961.
Zvisinei, mutongo wacho wakaputirwa neU.S. Circuit Court of Appeals uye kubatanidzwa kwakatsigirwa neDare Repamusorosoro muna 1958. Faubus haana kuteerera chirevo chacho uye akashandisa simba rake kupfigira zvikoro zvePed Rock zvese. Panguva yekuvhara, vadzidzi vechena vakapinda chikoro chega chega munzvimbo yacho asi vadzidzi vemauto vakanga vasina chavakasarudza kunze kwekumirira.
Vadzidzi vatatu ve Little Little Nine vakatama. Vakasara vashanu vakatora zvidzidzo zvemakambani kubva kuYunivhesiti yeA Arkansas. Apo zviito zveFaubus zvakasarudzwa zvisingaenderani nemitemo uye zvikoro zvakare zvakare zvakare muna 1959, vadzidzi vaviri vekunyama ndivo vakagoverwa kuCentral - Jefferson Thompson uye Carlotta Walls. Vakapedza kudzidza muna 1959.
Vadzidzi 9, kunyange zvazvo vasina kuzviziva, vakagadzira mafungu makuru mubato rekodzero dzevanhu. Havana kungoratidza chete kuti vatema vangarwira kodzero dzavo uye WIN , vakaunzawo pfungwa yekusarura mberi kwevanhu.
Vakaratidza rudzi irworwo matanho akakomba uye anotyisa angaitwa nevatsvene kuti vadzivirire kusarura. Hapana mubvunzo kuti zviitiko zveCentral High zvakafuridzira vazhinji vekudya kwemazuva masikati vanogara uye neRwendo Rusununguko uye vatema vakafuridzirwa kuti vatore chikonzero cheHurumende dzeVanhu. Kana vana ava vapfumbamwe vaigona kutora basa guru, vanogonawo.
Tinofanira kukudza ushingi hwevadzidzi mapfumbamwe uye chivimbo nokuti ndivo, uye vanhu vakaita savo, vakagadzira nzira yatinorarama nhasi. Ndivo avo, kurarama ikozvino, vanogovera maonero avo uye ushingi huchagadzira mararamiro atinoita munguva yemberi. Hongu, tauya kure kure neCentral High muna 1957 asi isu tine nzira yakareba yekuenda nayo.