Kuvhara kwakagadziriswa mumutauro weAmerica asi mhedzisiro yayo yakanyarara.
Kubvumira kunogona kunge kwakatanga munguva dzeMiddle Ages apo tenzi akapa muranda wake makobiri mashoma semuratidziro wezvakanaka. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi16, vaenzi muimba yeChirungu vaitarisirwa kupa "chifukidziro" kana kuti mari shoma pakupera kwekushanyira kubhadhara vashumiri vemuridzi avo vaishanda pamusoro uye kupfuura mabasa avo evanhu.
Kerry Segrave, munyori we "Kutsigira: An American History of Social Gratuities," akatsanangura kuti muna 1760, vatasvi vemabhiza, vafundisi, nevashandi vevarume vose vashandi vanotarisirwa, zvichiita kuti vahedheni vawane mari yakawanda. Gentry uye aristocracy vakatanga kunyunyuta. Kuedza kubvisa chifukidzo muLondon muna 1764 kwakatungamirira kumhirizhonga.
Kupera nokukurumidza kunopararira kune mabhizimusi eBritish, zvakadai sehotera, mabhizinesi, uye mitsuwa. Muna 1800, muzivi wokuScotland nemunyori Thomas Carlyle vakanyunyuta pamusoro pokusunungura mudzidzisi paBell Inn muG Gloucester, "Tsvina yakashata yomubati anogunun'una pamusoro pemari yake, yandaifunga kuti yakasununguka.Ndakawedzera sixpence kwairi, uye [akabudisa] huta hwaive huri pedyo huripo hunofadza nekukandira. Kutukwa ngarave ye flunkeys! "
Hazvisi pachena apo shoko rokuti "tip" rinouya muchiChirungu asi vamwe vanofungidzira kuti kwakabva shoko iro rakabva kuna Samuel Johnson. Johnson aiwanzoita hofesi yaive neine ndiro yakanyorwa kuti "Kuvhara Kukurudzira," uye Johnson nevamwe vaeni vaiisa mari mumudziyo manheru manheru kuti vawane basa rakanaka.
Izvi zvakakurumidza kupfupika ku "TIP" uye zvadaro kungotaura.
Vasati vasvika 1840, maAmerica havana kutaurira. Asi, mushure meHondo yeVanhu, vatsva vaAmerica vakashanya kuEurope uye vakaunza tsika kumusha kuti varatidze kuti vakanga vari kune imwe nyika uye vaiziva mitemo yegenteel. Imwe nyanzvi yeNew York Times yakagunun'una kuti, kana kambani yakabatwa muUnited States, yakapararira nokukurumidza se "zvipembenene zvakaipa uye masora."
Pakazosvika makore ekuma1900, vekuAmerica vaifunga kuti vaizoita kuti zvive zvisizvo uye, chaizvoizvo, vaigara vachitsoropodzwa nekuda kwekupfuura. Vanyori vakanyunyuta kuti "vahedheni asi vasingafungiri" veAmerica vakanyanyisa, vatungamiri vanotungamira kuti vanzwe vachingopedzana neBritish. Saizvozvowo, 1908 Magazini yekutambira yakawana kuti vanhu veAmerica vakaputirwa asi vakagamuchira basa risina hurombo nekuti veAmerica vakanga vasingazivi kuti vangabata sei vashumiri uye nhengo dzebasa.
Sekudzikatira kwakapararira muAmerica, vazhinji vakaiona ichiratidza kuti inopesana nehutongi uye maAmerica maonero ekuenzana. Muna 1891, mutori wenhau Arthur Gaye akanyora kuti chikamu chinofanira kupiwa kune mumwe munhu "anofungidzirwa kuva akaderera kune anopa, kwete chete pfuma yepanyika, asi mune zvehupfumi." "Kubvarura, uye pfungwa inobwinya iyo inoratidza, ndiyo yatakasiya muEurope kutiza," William Scott akanyora mubhurocha rake rinopesana nemusungo we1916, "The Itching Palm," iyo yaitaura nayo kuti kudhonza kwaiva "se-America" se "varanda."
Muna 1904, Anti-Tipping Society of America yakasimuka muGeorgia, uye nhengo dzayo 100 000 dzakasimbisa zvipikirwa kuti isinganzwisisi ani zvake kwegore. Muna 1909, Washington yakava yekutanga yezvitanhatu kudarika mutemo unopesana. Asi, mitemo mitsva haisati yasimbiswa, uye, muna 1926, mutemo wekutanga wekupikisa wakabviswa.
Kubvarura zvakare kwakashandurwa muma1960, apo Congress yakabvuma kuti vashandi vanogona kugamuchira mubairo wepasi shoma kana chikamu chemubhadharo wavo chikabva mazano. Iko mubhadharo wevashandi vakavharidzirwa ndeye $ 2.13, iyo isina kuchinja mumakore anopfuura makumi maviri, chero bedzi avo vashandi vanogamuchira mari inenge $ 7.25 muzvipiro neawa. Saru Jayaraman, munyori weBehind the Kitchen Door, anotsanangura kuti mari shoma ye $ 2.13 inoreva kuti mubairo wavo wose uchaenda kumitero uye simba rinosungirirwa vashandi kuti vararame pane zvavanoda.
Vamwe vakaona kuti nekuda kwevashumiri vanogara mazano avo, kupinda muUnited States kunowanzomira panzvimbo yekuzvipira, kusinganzwisisiki nehupamhi hwehutano hwebasa, uye inogona kuve yakakonzerwa nekusarura kwemarudzi uye zvepabonde. Cornell Purofesa Michael Lynn tsvakurudzo yakawanda pamusoro pekugadzirisa, inoratidza kuti ino nhoroondo uye kushamwaridzana nekupa mari kune vanogona kuva chikonzero nei tichienderera mberi kutaura nhasi.
Lynn anotsanangura kuti "[e] taura nekuti tinonzwa tine mhaka yekuti vanhu vatimirira." Iyi mhosva yekushamwaridzana yakanzi yakataurwa naBenjamin Franklin muParis uyo akati, "Kunyanya kufambisa kuonekwa mbongoro: kunyoresa kuonekwa imwe mbongoro huru."
Kuti varwise zvakawanda zvezvinetso izvi nekuputika, mahofisi mashomanana eAmerica, akadai saSushi Yasuda neRiki Restaurant, vakaita nhau dzekudzivisa kuputira mumahotera avo uye, panzvimbo pazvo, kuripa vashandi vavo vakamirira mari yakakwirira. Muna 2015, mapoka emapoka ezvitoro akavharawo mazano.