Inononoka Kufamba Mamamoni Munyika
Yakabatana zvikuru neArmadillos uye mabhizimusi, sloths yakabva kuSouth America munguva yeEast Eecene, "mambakwedza ehupenyu huchangobva kuitika," apo South America yakava "musha kune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana yezvinyama zvinokambaira, zvinyorwa, marwizi, uye dzimwe nyoni dzisina simba (Phorusrachids). " Paiva pane imwe nguva pamusoro pemarudzi makumi matatu nematatu e sloths, kubva kuAntartica kusvika kuCentral America. Iye zvino pane maviri chete nemarudzi mashanu ari kurarama mumasango emvura anopisa eCentral uye South America.
Kune mhando mbiri dzemakumbo maviri-toed muSouth America - (Choloepus hoffmanni kana Unau) inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasvibira kumaodzanyemba kweSouth America kubva kuEcuador kusvika kuCosta Rica, uye (Choloepus didattylus) muBrazil. Kune mhando mitatu yematatu-mbambo sloth (Bradypus variegatus) iri mumhenderekedzo yeEcuador, kuburikidza neColombia neVenezuela (kunze kweLlanos, uye Orinoco rukova delta), ichienderera mberi kuburikidza nemasango eEcuador, Peru, Bolivia, kuburikidza neBrazil uye kuenderera kune chikamu chekumusoro cheArgentina neCentral America,
Misiyano pakati pemhando, iyo yakatumidzwa, iri mumagunwe epamberi, sezvo vose genera vane zvigunwe zvitatu pamakumbo avo, asi ivo havasi mhuri dzakabatana.
Mhuka inononoka kupfuura dzose inofamba-famba, mashizha eSouth America vanogara mumiti, kuchengeteka kubva kune zvinokonzera pasi. Vanonyanya kuita mabasa avo akawanda akarembera kumativi ose mumiti. Vanodya, vanorara, vanowana, vanozvara, uye vanotora vana vavo vachimiswa pasi.
Zvinotora ivo anenge makore maviri nehafu kuti zvikure zvakakura zvizere, pakati pehafu nehafu nehafu nehafu. (Madzibaba avo, iyo inopera Giant Sloth, yakakura kusvika pakukura kwenzou.) Vangararama makore makumi mana.
Pamusana pehupenyu huno "hutenderedzwa", nhengo dzavo dzomukati dziri munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Svetani inononoka pasi, ichifamba nemamita makumi mashanu chete paawa.
Nokukurumidza mumiti, vanogona kufamba anenge 480 mamita / awa, uye mumamiriro ekukurumidzira ave achionekwa achifamba pa 900 mamita / awa.
Sloths vanoda nzira inononoka kufamba muupenyu. Vanopedza nguva yakawanda yekuzorora kwezuva uye kurara. Panguva yeusiku, vanodya, vanoburukira kuguruva chete kuti vaende kunzvimbo imwe kana kuti vanopesana, kazhinji kamwe kamwe nevhiki.
Sloths yeSouth America inonzi herbivores uye idya mashizha emuti, inobereka uye zvimwe zvibereko. Mhando mbiri idzi dzinodyiwa dzinodyawo mashizha, michero, uye zviduku. Zviratidzo zvadzo zvekudya zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichienderana nekugadzirisa kwemaitiro emagetsi, zvichivabvumira kuti vararame pane zvokudya zvishomanana. Vanowana mvura yavo kubva pamadonhwe emvura kana juice mumashizha. Ichi chiyero chakaderera chemetabolism chinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti varwise zvirwere kana mhepo yakaoma.
Vane mavara akareba, akavharidzirwa anovabvumira kubata davi remuti uye vaturika kunyange pavanenge vavete. Vanoshandisa miromo yavo, iyo yakaoma kwazvo, kuti ivhenekere mashizha. Kuramba kuchikura uye kuzvidzora, meno avo anodya zvokudya zvavo. Vanokwanisa kushandisa meno avo kuti vanyore pane mhuka.
Mashizha anoshandisa marefu, masviki kana mashuzha awo, kazhinji akafukidzwa nebhuruu-green algae munguva yemvura, sekudzivirira mavara. Mvere dzavo dzinodzifukidza kubva mudumbu kusvika kumashure, dzichiwira pamusoro pavo apo dzinomira zvimire.
Vanhu vanobatanidza vanosanganisira nyoka huru, harpy nedzimwe shiri, jaguar uye ocelots.
Sloths yeSouth America vane maziso mashoma, mashomanana uye nzeve duku. Ona mafananidzo awa. Kunze kwehuwandu hwezvigunwe zvezvigunwe, kune kusiyana uku pakati pezvigunwe zviviri uye zviduku zvitatu:
- Mapofu maviri-mbiru ane matanhatu kana manomwe vertebra
- Mapofu maviri-mbambo haana miswe. Makumbo avo mberi uye kumashure anenge akaenzana nekukura
- Mapofu maviri-mbambo ane musheti mutsvuku, maziso makuru uye anofamba kakawanda pakati pemiti
- Izvo zviviri-mbambo dzemakumbo zvinokambaira hazvisi nyore kuenda. Vanoshandisa mazino avo ekugadzirisa mazino e canine kuti varambe.
- Mapofu matatu-mbambo ane vertebra mapfumbamwe
- Tsitsi dzine matatu-mbambo dzine muswe muduku. Makumbo avo epamberi akareba kupfuura avo vari shure
- Tsitsi dzesimbi zvitatu dzine shangu shoma uye maziso maduku
- Mapofu matatu-mbambo ane unyoro, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kutora mhuka dzemhuka. Iko ikozvino kune mungozi yezvisikwa zvemarudzi.
Nekushamwaridzana kwakasimba nemunhu nemashini mumasango emvura eSouth America, mashizha, semamwe akawanda ezvisikwa zvemasango emvura, ari mungozi.