Brief Summary of the Mexican Revolution 1910-1920
Mexico yakafamba mumatambudziko makuru ezvematongerwo enyika uye evanhu pakati pe1910 ne1920. Kubudirira kweMexico kwakagadzirwa panguva ino, kutanga nekuedza kubvisa mutungamiri Porfirio Diaz. Mutemo mutsva waiva nemitemo yakawanda yeRevolution yakabudiswa muna 1917 asi chisimba hachina kupera kusvikira Álvaro Obregón akava mutevedzeri muna 1920. Heano zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvekuvandudza uye ruzivo pamusoro pemigumisiro yacho.
Kupikiswa kwaDiaz
Porfirio Diaz akanga ari musimba kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu apo akapa hurukuro nemunyori wenhau weAmerican James Creelman muna 1908 umo akataura kuti Mexico yakanga yakagadzirira kutonga uye kuti mutungamiri amutevere aifanira kusarudzwa nekutonga. Akataura kuti akatarisira kuumbwa kwemapato ezvematongerwe enyika. Francisco Madero, gweta reCoahuila , akatora Diaz neshoko rake uye akasarudza kumurwisana nemasarudzo 1910.
Diaz (uyo aive asina kunge aireva zvaakataura kuna Creelman) akaita kuti Madero aiswe mutirongo ndokuzviti ndiye anokunda sarudzo. Madero akanyora chirongwa cheSan Luis Potosi iyo yakadana vanhu veMexico kuti vauye muhondo vachirwisa mutungamiriri weChishanu 20, 1910.
Zvinokonzera Kubudirira kweMexico:
- Kudzvinyirira-kufanana nekutonga kwaPofirio Diaz kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu
- Kushandiswa uye kusaruramiswa kwevashandi
- Kusiyana kukuru pakati pevapfumi nevarombo
Mhuri yeSerdan yePuebla, inoronga kujoina naMadero, yakanga ine zvombo zvakachengetwa mumusha wavo apo yakawanikwa musi waNovember 18, mazuva maviri kusati kwatanga kupandukira. Hondo yekutanga yekuvandudzika yakaitika mumusha wavo, ikozvino musimamende yakatsaurirwa kune revolution .
Madero, pamwe nevatsigiri vake, Francisco "Pancho" Villa, avo vakatungamirira mauto muNorth, uye Emiliano Zapata, uyo akatungamirira mauto emisasa kune kuchema kwe "¡Tierra y Libertad!" (Nyika uye Rusununguko!) MuSouth, vakakunda kukunda Diaz, uyo akatizira kuFrance kwaakaramba ari muutapwa kusvikira afa muna 1915.
Madero akasarudzwa mutungamiri wenyika. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo vashanduki vainge vaine chinangwa chakafanana, asi naMadero semutungamiri, kusiyana kwavo kwakava pachena. Zapata naVil vakange vanga vachirwisana nehupfumi hwevanhu uye hurumende, asi Madero ainyanya kufarira mukugadzirisa zvematongerwo enyika.
Musi weChishanu 25, 1911, Zapata akaparidzira Plan de Ayala iyo yakataura kuti chinangwa chekugadzirisa zvinhu ndechekuti nyika idzoserwezve pakati pevarombo. Iye nevateveri vake vakasimuka vachirwisa Madero nehurumende yake. Kubva munaFebruary 9 kusvika 19th, 1913, Decena Tragica (Mazuva Anotambudza Makumi) akaitwa muMexico City .
Mukuru Victoriano Huerta, uyo aive achitungamirira mauto ehurumende, akatendeukira Madero ndokumuisa mutirongo. Huerta akabva atora mutungamiri wehurumende uye akaita kuti Madero uye vamiririri vepurezidhendi Jose Maria Pino Suarez vapiwe.
Venustiano Carranza
Muna March 1913, Venustiano Carranza, gavhuna weCoahuila, akadudzira Plan yake Guadalupe , iyo yakaramba hurumende yaHuerta uye yakaronga kupfuurira kweMadero. Akaumba uto reCommunityalist, uye Villa, Zapata naOrozco vakapinda pamwe naye uye vakakunda Huerta munaJuly 1914.
MuConvencion de Aguascalientes yegore ra1914, musiyano pakati pevapanduki zvakare wakauya mberi.
Villistas, Zapatistas naCarrancistas vakaparadzana. Carranza, kudzivirira zvinodiwa zvevadzidzi vepamusoro zvakatsigirwa neUnited States. Villa yakayambuka muganhu kuenda kuUnited States ndokurwisa Columbus, New Mexico. VaUnited States vakatumira mauto kuMexico kuti vamubate asi havana kubudirira. Muzasi Zapata akaparadzanisa nyika ndokuipa kumisasa, asi akazopedzisira asamanikidzwa kuti atizire kumakomo.
Muna 1917 Carranza akagadzira mutemo mutsva uyo wakaunza humwe hutano uye hupfumi hwekuchinja. Zapata akachengetedza kupandukira kumaodzanyemba kusvikira aurayiwa musi waApril 10, 1919. Carranza akaramba ari mutungamiriri kusvikira 1920, apo Älvaro Obregón akazoshanda. Villa yakaregererwa muna 1920, asi akaurayiwa pamunda wake muna 1923.
Migumisiro yezvekuvandudza
Kuchinja kwacho kwakabudirira mukubvisa Porfirio Diaz, uye kubvira pakusanduka hakuna mutungamiriri wenyika akatonga kwenguva yakareba kupfuura makore matanhatu akashanda muhofisi.
IPRI ( Partido Revolucionario Institucionalizado - iyo Institutionalized Revolutionary Party) sangano rezvematongerwo enyika raiva chibereko chekuvandudza, uye yakachengetedza hurumende kubva panguva yekuvandudzwa kusvika Vicente Fox wePAN (Partido de Accion Nacional - National Action Party) akasarudzwa mutungamiri muna 2000.
Verenga imwe nhoroondo yakajeka yeMexicoan Revolution.