Kubva Nhare kusvikira kuNational Museum: Chiratidzo Chisingagumi cheParis
Main Sources: The Louvre Museum Yepamutemo Yemahofisi; Encyclopedia Britannica
Paris 'Louvre Museum inonyanya kuzivikanwa nhasi nokuda kwekuunganidza kwayo kunoshamisa kwekuveza, kuveza, mifananidzo uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagariro. Asi isati yasvika pane imwe yenyika yakawanda uye yakaisvonaka yezvikwata zvekunyora, yaiva imba yamambo uye chikamu chakakosha chezvombo zvakachengetedza mapeji epakati peParis kubva kune vapambi.
Kunyatsokoshesa nzvimbo ino yekare, dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penhau yakaoma yakareba mberi kwekushanya kwako.
The Louvre Pakati Pakati Pakati Pakati
1190: Mambo Philippe Auguste anovaka nhare yakakwirira panzvimbo ye Louver yemazuva ano mukuedza kudzivirira guta racho kubva kune vanoparadza. Nhare yacho yakavakwa kumativi mana mana makuru uye shongwe dzokudzivirira. Chigaro chikuru, chinonzi seGrosse tour , chakamira pakati. Nharaunda dzakaderera dzehare iyi ndeye dzose dzakasara uye dzinogona kushanyirwa zvishoma nhasi.
1356-1358: Kutevera imwe nzvimbo, Paris ikozvino inosvika kure kupfuura rusvingo rwepakutanga rwakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi12. Rusvingo rutsva rwakavakwa muchidimbu kuti ruve sechisimba pakati pekutanga kweHondo Yemazana Ezana Hondo neEngland. The Louvre haisisiri kushanda senzvimbo yekudzivirira.
1364: Louvre haisati yashumira chinangwa chayo chepakutanga, zvichiita kuti muumbi wekugadzira anoshanda kuna King Charles V kuti achinjezve nzvimbo yekare yenhare muimba yamambo yakaisvonaka.
Nzvimbo yepakati peimba yeimba yamambo yaiva nechepamusoro yemasitepisi anotaridzika uye "munda wekunakidza", nepo mukati mekukomberedza kwakashongedzwa nemapestestries uye zvakavezwa.
1527: Louvre inoramba isina kubatwa kwemakore zana kana kuti shure kwekufa kwaMambo Charles VI. Muna 1527, Francois I inofamba uye inoparadza zvachose iyo yepakati pekare inopfuurira.
The Louvre inopinda muchitendero chayo reKristena.
The Louvre Panguva Yenguva Yokutanga
1546: Francois Ini ndinoramba ndichichinja imba yacho maererano nemasvingo ekugadzira marangire uye maitiro ekugadzira, kupedza mapeji ekumadokero kumadokero uye kuitora nemapuranga emitambo yeRenissance. Pasi pekutonga kwaHenri II, Hora yeCaryatids uye Pavillon du Roi (King's Pavillion) yakavakwa, uye inosanganisira nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzamambo. Iyo yekushongedzwa kweimba itsva inozopedzisira yapera pasi pemirairo yaMambo Henri IV.
Pakati pezana remakore rechi16: Mukadzikadzi weFrance aibva kuItaly, Queen of 'Medici, chirikadzi kuna Henri II, anorayira kuvaka kweTuileries Palace kuedza kugadzirisa nyaradzo muLouvre, iyo inotaurwa nhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare inzvimbo inotyisa, inopisa. Izvi zvakarongwa zvezvirongwa zvinozopedzisira zvakasiyiwa kune imwe.
1595-1610: Henri IV inogadzira Galerie du Bord de l'Eau (Waterside Gallery) kugadzira nzira yakananga kubva kuimba yeLouvre kusvika kuimba yeTuileries Palace iri pedyo. Nzvimbo inozivikanwa seGalerie des Rois (Kings 'Gallery) inovakwawo panguva ino.
The Louvre Panguva ye "Classical" Nguva
1624-1672: Pasi pokutonga kwaLouis XIII naLouis XIV, Louvre inotungamira rutsva rukuru rwekugadziriswa, zvichiguma neimba yamambo yatinoziva nhasi.
Zvimwe zvinowedzera panguva iyi zvinosanganisira Pavillon de l'Horloge (Clock Pavilion) iyo nhasi inonzi Pavillon de Sully uye yaizoshanda semuenzaniso wezvimwe zvipfeko zvinoumba nzvimbo yemazuva ano. Iyo yakaisvonaka Apollo Gallery inopedzwa muna 1664.
1672-1674: Mutongi Louis XIV anotora chigaro cheumambo kuVersailles mumaruwa. The Louvre inowira munharaunda yekuregererwa kwemazana zana.
1692: Louvre ine basa idzva senzvimbo yemusangano yezvigadzirwa zvekudhirochedza uye zvekuchenjera "salons", uye Louis XIV anorayira kugadziriswa kwemavara ezvigadzirwa zvekare. Ichi chaiva danho rokutanga kusvika pakuberekwa kwemuziyamu wenyika yakawanda.
1791: Kutevedzera Kurwisana kweFrance muna 1789, Louvre neTuileries inofungidzirwa kwenguva pfupi seimba yenyika "yekuunganidza zvivako zvesayenzi uye zvigadzirwa".
1793: Hurumende yeFrance inotanga kuzarura Muséum Central des Arts de la République, nhengo itsva yevanhu iyo nenzira dzakawanda inotangira pfungwa yemazuva ano ye museum. Kubvuma kune rusununguko kune vose, nepo maunganidzwa acho anonyanya kutorwa kubva kune zvakatorwa zvefuma dzeFrance uye mhuri dzakanaka.
Kuva Guru Museum: The Empires
1798-1815: Mambo weMangwana Napoleon "anowedzera" maunganidzwa kuLouvre kuburikidza nezvakapambwa zvakawanikwa panguva yaakakunda kunze kwenyika, kunyanya kubva kuItaly. Imamamende inonzi zita reMusée Napoleon muna 1803 uye chibvumirano chemambo chinogadzirirwa pamusoro pomukova. Muna 1806, vavaki vemuMambo wePercier uye Fontaine vanovaka duku "Arc de Triomphe" iri pakati pepakati peTuileries mukupemberera kukunda kweFrance. Icho chinyorwa chekutanga chinosanganisira mabhiza makumi mana emhangura emabhiza akanga atorwa kubva kuSt Mark's Basilica muItaly; idzi dzakadzorerwa kuItaly muna 1815 apo Umambo hwekutanga hunowa. Munguva iyi, Louvre yakawedzerwawo zvikuru kuisa yakawanda yemapapiro achiripo nhasi, kusanganisira Court Carré uye Grande Galerie.
1824: The Modern Sculpture Museum inovhurwa kumavirazuva ekumusoro kwe "Cour Carré". Imyuziyamu yacho yaisanganisira zvifananidzo zveVersailles nezvimwe zvikamu, kumativi emakamuri mashanu.
1826-1862: Sezvo nzira dzemazuva ano dzokugadzirisa uye kutengeserana dzichibudirira, zvikamu zveLouvre zvakanyanyogadzirwa uye zvinowedzera kuisa mabasa kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Kubvira kuEgypt neAsiriya yekare kusvika kumakore eEvhee uye Renaissance nemifananidzo yemazuva ano yeSpain, Louvre iri nani munzira yayo yekuva nheyo yepamusoro yehutsika netsika.
1863: The Louvre's now-massive collection inoshandurwa zvakare Musée Napoleon III mukuremekedza mutungamiri weChipiri Chechipiri. Kuwedzera kwekuunganidza kwacho kunowanzoenderana nekuwanikwa kwema 1861 kwema1000 emifananidzo, zvigadzirwa zvemifananidzo, zvigadzirwa uye zvimwe zvinhu kubva kuMarquis Campana.
1871: Mukupisa kwekupandukira kwakakurumbira kwema 1871 kunonzi Paris Commune, imba yeTuileries inopiswa ne "Communards." Imba yacho haisati yadzorerwa, ichingosiya minda uye zvivakwa zvakasara. Kusvikira zuva ranhasi, imwe yenyika yeFrance yenyika inoenderera mberi ichikumbira kuti kudzorerwa kweMuzinda.
CHINOTEVERA: The Emergence of the Modern Louvre
1883: Apo imba yeTuileries inoputswa, kuchinja kukuru kunoitika uye Louvre inoguma kuva chigaro cheushe hweumambo. Nzvimbo iyi ikozvino inenge yakatsaurirwa zvachose kuhutsika netsika. Mukati memakore mashomanana, musamuziyamu yaizowedzera zvakanyanya kutora zvivako zvose zvikuru.
1884-1939: Louvre inoenderera mberi nekuwedzera uye inotanga mapapiro matsva asingaverengeki uye zvitsva, kusanganisira mapiro akazvimirira kumasikirwo echiIslam uye Musée des Arts Decoratives.
1939-1945: Nekuparara kweHondo Yenyika II muna 1939, museum akavharwa uye kuunganidzwa kwakavharwa, kunze kwezvikamu zvakakura zvakachengetedzwa nemasaga. Apo mauto eNazi anopinda muParis uye yakawanda yeFrance muna 1940, Louver inotangazve, asi yakawanda isina chinhu.
1981: Mutungamiri weFrance Francois Mittérand anoratidzira chirongwa chekuda kugadzirisa nekugadzirisazve Louvre uye kutamisa hurumende chete inosara yehurumende kune imwe nzvimbo, zvichiita kuti Louvre izvitsaurire pabasa rayo semuziyamu kwekutanga.
1986: Musée d'Orsay inotangwa mune imwe nzvimbo yekare yechiteshi chechitima cheOrsay mhiri kweSeine. Iyi itsva musimamende inoshandura mamwe mabasa emazuva ano kubva kuvanyori vakaberekwa pakati pe1820 ne1870, uye pasina nguva vanozvitsaurira pachavo nokuda kwekuunganidza kwayo kweApressionist peji, pakati pevamwe. Mabasa anobva kuJeu de Paume kumadokero ekupedzisira kweTueries anoendeswa kune Orsay.
1989: Piramidi yeGuvre yeLouvre yakavakwa nemuumbi weChinese IM Pei inotangwa uye inoshumira semusuo mutsva mukuru.