Pane imwe nguva, Arizona yakanga iri kuzivikanwa munyika yose sekuzorodza kune avo vanotambura nehutano hwekufema. Nehutachiona hunobva kubva kumakumbo kusvika kuchirwere kusvika kuchirwere chetachiona, varwere vanobatanidza kuenda kunharaunda kuti vabatsirwe.
The Brown Cloud
Kubvira pakutanga kwema1990, vagari vomuChipata cheSa vave vachitsvaga zororo ravo. I "Brown Cloud", sezvazvasvika pakuzivikanwa, inobatanidza nzvimbo yeFenix mune zvinosvibisa zvinenge gore rose-zvichikonzera kuti American Lung Association ipe Maricopa County chikamu chayo chepamusoro kune hutano hwemhepo mune zvose ozone uye zvikamu muna 2005.
Maererano nesangano re "State of the Air 2005" mushumo, vanopfuura mamiriyoni 2,6, kana kuti 79%, vehutori vanogara vari pangozi yepamusoro yekuputika kwepamusoro nekuda kwehutano hwemhepo. Pakati peavo vari panjodzi kune vagari vane asthma, bronchitis, chirwere chemwoyo, uye chirwere cheshuga.
Chinokonzera Phoenix Quality Quality Matambudziko
Pamusoro pazvo, Brown Cloud ine zvikamu zviduku zve carbon uye nitrogen dioxide gas. Zvinhu izvi zvinowanikwa mumhepo kunyanya kubva kupisa fossil fuels. Motokari, guruva rakagadzirwa-kuvaka, mashizha emagetsi, gasi-powered mowers, mashizha anoputika, uye zvakawanda zvinopa gore iri zuva rega rega.
Nepo dzimwe nzvimbo dzakapoteredza nyika dzine mafuta akadaro kushandiswa pasina zvakajeka pashure pemigumisiro, nzvimbo, mamiriro okunze, uye kukura nokukurumidza kunokwezva vagari nevashanyi kunharaunda iyi zvakare kubatsira kubata izvo zvikamu uye magasi.
Panguva yeusiku, kuvhara kwemafuro kunomira pamusoro pemupata.
Sezvo kune chero gwenga, mhepo iri pedyo nepasi inokurumidza kukurumidza kupfuura mhepo pamusoro. Zvisinei, kusiyana nemamwe magwenga, mweya unotonhorera unofamba uri pamusoro pemhepo inopisa kumadokero kubva kumakomo akapoteredza.
Somugumisiro, mhepo yakabatanidzwa pedyo nepasi muMupata, mhepo iri nehuwandu hwezvinosvibisa munzvimbo yacho, inopararira.
Sezvo gwenga rerenje richipedza masikati, izvo zvinokonzera kusimuka kuumba ruvara runoonekwa runowedzera sezvo zuva richifambira mberi.
Muzuva rose, kuchinja kwemhepo mumupata kunokonzera kusiyana muBlack Cloud. Kubva pakati pezuva masikati, gore rinosimudzirwa kumabvazuva. Nezuva roga roga, kutenderera kunotanga zvakare.
The Brown Cloud Summit
Muna March 2000, Gavhuna Jane Hull akagadzira Gavhuna Brown Cloud Summit, komiti yezvematongerwo enyika uye vanhu vebhizimisi, vakazvitsaurira kudzorera mhepo yeMupata kune imwe nguva yakachena yakachena bhuruu. Inotungamirirwa naMeteorologist uye yekare-Seneniti yehurumende Ed Phillips, Summit akaongorora nyaya iyi kwemwedzi gumi. Maererano neshoko rekupedzisira reBlack Cloud Summit, sarudzo yakarondedzerwa pamusoro apa haisi kungovhara makomo akaoneka aripo akapoteredza Mupata, iyo inobatsirawo kusvika kune zviitiko zvinowanzoitika zvinetso zvehutano, zvikurukuru zvirwere zvokuputika zvinosanganisira kushaya muviri uye chirwere chemhepo, zvichiita kuti zvive zvepamusoro pane zvakajairika kufa kwehutano kubva pamwoyo nemapapu mapfupa.
Chinofanira Kuitwa Kuvandudza Phoenix Air Quality
Iyi Summit yakagumisa kuti nzira yekushandira pamwe chete ndiyo inogona kuderedza kana kubvisa Brown Cloud. Chokutanga, vagari vePenix vagari vemo vanofanira kunzwisisa zvinokonzera uye zvinokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Zvadaro, nekubatana nemabhizimisi emunharaunda uye vakasarudzwa vakuru, vanofanira kuderedza kuiswa kwezvinosvibisa mumhepo kuburikidza nekuzvidira uye nzira dzakarongeka.
Vagari vega uye vanoita bhizinesi vanogona kutora matanho kuburikidza, nekuita, kuderedza motokari kuburikidza ne telecommuting, carpooling, uye kukurudzira uye / kana kupa rubatsiro kushandiswa kwenharaunda yevanhu kunosanganisira chiedza chinotevera chechiedza chekuFenieni uye inharaunda dzakapoteredza.
Zvimwe zviyero zvinosanganisira kugadziridza uye kugadzirisa motokari dzine hutachiona hwemhepo dzakasvibiswa kana dzimwe nzira dzekushandisa mafuta uye kutenga motokari dzakachena dzemhepo dzebhizimisi uye hurumende dzemagetsi.
Vagadziri vese vanobvuma kudiwa kwe "motokari" motokari kuburikidza nekubudisa huwandu hunogona kumhanya pamagetsi kana petoro, uye motokari inoshandiswa nekakanikidzirwa gasi yemagetsi (CNG) kana biodiesel yakagadzirwa kubva kune zvigadziriswa zvinoshandiswa zvakadai semafuta emichero uye soya.
Kutsvakurudza pakushandisa hydrogen mafuta masero ayo anobva kunze kwemvura inopisa asi haatarisirwi kuunza motokari, inotengwa nemotokari kwemakore akawanda.
Zvinotenderwa nemitemo zvinobatsirawo pakuderedza kunzvimbo yakasvibiswa. Imotokari yemotokari uye zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi zvakagadzwa pamusoro pemakore kuti zviite maererano nemazano eMusangano uye sangano reFirm Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Mishonga yakawanda yakashandurwa nekuderedza kusvuta kwemhepo. Varimi nemakambani ekuvaka vanofanira kusangana nehuwandu hwakanyanya hwepfumvu yekudzivirira mitemo kuchengetedza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana pasi.
Une Phoenix Air Quality Yakagadziriswa Kubvira muna 2000?
Maererano neEPA, mhepo yePoenix yaive ichivandudza mumakore mashomanana adarika, asi sangano rakabudisa Maricopa County "Chiratidzo Chekushaiwa" munaMay 2005 kuitira kupesana kudzokororwa mumwedzi yakapfuura yehutano hwemhepo yakarongwa muna 1990 Yakachena Air Act. Kunyange zvazvo dhechi ichiri kuongororwa muna 2005, muna 2004 County Maricopa rakagadzirisa kukanganisa kwakadaro.
Somugumisiro, EPA yakarongedza kuti nzvimbo iyo yakasvibiswa inzvimbo inofanira kuderedzwa neanenge 5% pagore zvichienderana nemazinga aripo. Izvozvo zvinodhikwa zvichasimbiswa kusvikira hurumende inogutsikana humwe hutano hwehutano hunosangana. Vakuru vakuru vemunharaunda vave kusvika kunopera 2007 kuti vauye chirongwa chavo kuEPA kuti vasangane nemitemo idzva.
Maricopa County Mahofisi ainzi 2005 "yakaipa yehutano hwemhepo muchiyeuchidzo" maererano nemushumo weJanuary 2006 mu "Arizona Republic." Dhipatimendi reArizona (Environmental Adoption Quality) (ADEQ) Mutungamiriri Steve Owens akati kusvibiswa kwemhepo munguva yechando muna 2005 kwaiva "kwakadai seBlack Cloud paSteroids."
Izvo Zvakaipisisa Zvinokanganisa muPenienix
Maererano neChipatimendi cheMaricopa County Air Quality, munguva iyo ichangobva kuumbwa, iyo inokonzera kudengenyeka kwenharaunda yepamusoro yehutano hwemhepo inoonekwa kuva vashandi vekugara vakabhadhara mazana ezviuru zvemadhora mubhadharo uye vachibvumira kudarika kwegore rakapera.
Vachigadzira, makambani emotokari, uye vamwe vakawanda vakave vachibhadharwa nedhipatimendi nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvakasiyana-siyana.
Mukuwedzera pakuraira vatengesi vezvinoshambadzira, Vatungamiri veMunharaunda vari kusvika kune vagari venharaunda kuti vaite basa ravo mukuchenesa mweya. Zvinorayirwa zvinosanganisira kuchengeta motokari dzakarongeka uye dzichifamba zvakanaka, kuderedza uye kuunganidza marwendo, kushandisa zvifambiso zvehuruzhinji, nekudzivisa kusashandisa zvitofu zvehuni kana mudzimba dzomukati mukati memazano makuru ekusvibisa, inozivikanwawo se "mazuva asina-kupisa." Vagari vanogona kudana (602) 506-6400 nguva ipi zvayo yemashoko muChirungu neSpain ichiratidza kusvika-kusvika-yeminiti inopisa mitambo inopisa.
Mimwe mitemo inogona kuongororwa kuMusangano weMaricopa kusanganisira kushanda kwakasimba kwemotokari uye kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi nemitemo yeguruva pamwe chete nekuwedzera kusina kupisa kumoto wehuni kunze. Maguta anogona kufunga nezvekuisa mitemo pamashizha emashizha uye mamwe mamiriro ehutachiona husati hwagadzirirwa.
Kutarisa Mberi
Panguva ino, Valley vagari uye vashanyi vacharamba vachitarisana nehutano hweBlack Cloud nekuita zvavanogona kusanganisira kugara muimba panguva iyo inowanzogara yakawanda yemhepo inopa mazano uye nekushanyira vanachiremba kana zvipatara zvipatara zvinoshandiswa pakudzvinyirirwa kana kufema kuve basa .
Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, Mupata weSain air clean waiva mushonga unoshamisa kune avo vane zvirwere zvokufema. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yacho isingambove yakajeka seyo zvakare, inogona kuva yakachena muzana remakore rechi21 nerubatsiro rwevagari vemo uye mabhizinesi. Izvozvo zvichabatsira munhu wese anodana nzvimbo iyo "kumba" kufema nyore nyore.