Nei Draft Important?
Tsanangudzo yekunyora:
Nhamba yemakumbo kubva kumvura kusvika kumucheto wakaderera wechikepe chengarava; kudzika kwemvura chikepe chinoswededza; iyo yakaderera sei zvikepe zvinogara mumvura. Izwi rokuti "air draft" ndiyo nhamba yemakumbo kubva kumvura kusvika kune yakakwirira pane ngarava.
Mamwe mavara ekunyora:
Itautical term term is United States spelling; Bhuku reBritish spelling. Zvinofadza kuti mazwi maviri aya (USA) uye akanyora (UK) anoshandiswa kurondedzera doro uye anewo maonero ezvinyorwa zvepelitiki munyika mbiri.
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa yakashandiswa mumutsara:
Kubva kwezvikepe zvizhinji zvekufamba kwechikepe kunenge pakati pemakumi maviri nemakumi matatu. Ngarava haikwanise kutenderera mumvura chero ipi zvishoma kudarika yakanyora.
Sei kushandiswa kwechikepe chechikepe kuchikosha?
Chikonzero chikuru chekunyorwa kwechikepe chechikepe chinonyanya kukosha kuna Captain (uye vose vashandi vake nevatasvi) ndeyokuti ngarava haifaniri kutenderera mune mvura ipi zvayo yakadzika kupfuura yakanyorwa. Semuenzaniso, ngarava ine makumbo makumi maviri nemazana mashanu inogadzirisa pasi kana mvura iine 24.99 mamita akadzika.
Kutora kwechikepe kunotsanangurwa nenguva iyo ichivakwa. Izvo zvakanyanyisa (kana ndege yakagadziriswa) chikepe chiri pamusoro pemvura, yakadzika chikwata chayo chinofanira kuva. Vaparidzi vemukepe vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti chiyero chemudziyo chinonyorwa pasi pemvura inoyerera uye mhepo yakagadzirwa pamusoro pemvura inoenderana nemiganhu inogamuchirwa. Chigadziri chezvikepe hachidi kuti ngarava yake ive "yakanyanya-inorema" iyo inogona kukwira pamusoro. Mukuwedzera pakuve nekunyora kukuru, vanogadzira ngarava yakakura yezvikepe vanoita zvikepe zvakakura zvakakura nemahombekombe akawanda pamusoro pemvura yakawanda kuti vadzigadzirire kuti vafambise.
Mazuva ano ngarava dzinoshandisawo zvigadziro kuita kuti ngarava irambe ichikwira mumakungwa akaoma. Izvi zvinogadzirisa zvakaita semapapiro akawedzerwa pasi pemvura, achiita kuti ngarava iwedzere ".
Sezvo ngarava huru dzine mazamu akadzika, hazvigone kupinda mahombekombe asina kudzika semakungwa maduku echikepe anogona. Kunyange zvakadaro, ngarava huru dzine mazamu akadzika zvinowanzobata makungwa ane dutu zviri nani kubva pane imwe chikepe chiri pasi pemvura uye hachirevi uye ichidzika zvakanyanya.
Saka, vashanyi vari mubhobho vanofambisa zvakanaka. Mhenderekedzo yeRwizi ine chinyorwa chakanyanyisa, asi ichigogodza pasi sezvo ruzivo rwemvura ruchichinja kazhinji.
Nyanzvi dzegungwa dzegungwa, dzakagadzirirwa sekutakura pakati peEurope neNorth America, dzaive dzakadzama zvikuru sezvo zvikepe zvakanga zvisiri kuedza kufamba mumvura isina mvura yeCaribbean (kana kune imwe nzvimbo munyika). Semuenzaniso, yekutanga Marita Mary ocean liner , yakavakwa muna 1936, yakanga yakagadzirwa nemamita makumi mana nemhepo yakagadzirwa nemamita 181. Akanga akareba mamita 118 uye aiva nehutengo hwakawanda hwe 81,000 GRT. IOasis yeMakungwa , imwe yezvikepe zvepasi pose zvakakura, ine mabhuku makumi matatu emakumbo, iyo yakagadzirwa nemhepo 213 pamusoro pemvura, yakareba mamita makumi maviri, uye ine tsvina yakawanda ye 225 000 GRT. Kunyange zvazvo chikepe ichi chitsva chiri chikuru uye ine hurukuro yemhepo, Oasis yeMakungwa ane zvinyorwa zvishoma. Kubhadhara iyo yakareba isina kunyorwa, Oasis yakazara uye inogadzirisa, iyo inowedzera huwandu kana ichidiwa mumvura yakaoma.
Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti zvikepe zvemazuva ano zvekare zvinenge zvisina kukwana uye zvinogona kuvhara kana guru guru rinopinda munguva yemhepo. Kunyange zvazvo ngarava dzichidonha, iyo inowanzoitika, uye haina kumbobvumirwa kuti mhepo yekuendesa kumudziyo wekugadzirisa chiyero haisi yakakwana uye yakayambisa chikepe kuti chifambe.
Imwe Titanic yakarova iceberg, uye Costa Concordia yakarova dombo rine dombo. Chete pafirimu yefirimu kufanana nePoseidon Adventure ine ngarava huru yekutakura yakakungurutswa pamusoro pechirungu.
Zvizhinji zvezvikepe zvevashambadziri zviitiko zvemazana zana apfuura zvave zvichikonzerwa nekudarika, kunyanya pamatare mune dzimwe nyika umo nhamba yevatasvi vengarava isingatongorongwi zvakakwana. Zvimwe zviitiko zvekutya zvakakonzerwa nemoto, zvichikwira pasi, zvichirova imwe ngarava, kana kuputika nemhaka yekukanganisa kwevanhu kana kudarika-kwetewo kunyorwa kwakanyanyisa.