Bletchley Park - Nhoroondo Yakavanzika Inoitika:
Bletchley Park, anenge makiromita makumi mashanu kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweLondon, inoratidzika seyo inowanzoita bombastic yekupedzisira imba yeVictorian house iyo yaimbova. Yakagadzirirwa Guta rakapfuma reLondon mari muna 1883, raive rava kuparadzwa apo hurumende yeBritain, pamucheto weHondo Yenyika II, yakaiwana kune imwe chinangwa. MuHondo Yenyika Yechipiri Yese uye kusvika mumakore ekutanga eCold War, kuonekwa kweBletchley kwakasununguka, kuonekwa kwemukati kunobata basa rairo rekunyengera, chinangwa chakasara chakavharidzirwa muMutemo weChitubu cheMutemo kwemakore.
Nokuti pano, mushure mekuvhara magonhi uye akavanza mukatikatikati ye 60 acre estate, british bhoffins yakagumbura Enigma nheyo dzeNazi Germany.
Iye zvino, paBletchley Park Museum uye National Codes Centre , iyo nhau inoshamisa yakavanzika iri kuudzwa.
Chii Chakanga Chichiita ?:
Enigma yaiva kemodhi yakakonzerwa nemaGermany pakati peNyika yekutanga uye yeChipiri Hondo. Yakatarisa sezvakaita mudziyo wepikicha asi, kuburikidza nemakwikwi emagetsi uye magetsi anotengesa mukati maro, tsamba kana kusanganiswa kwemasamba zvingashandurwa kuva pachena sevakasarudzwa vakashandurwa. Nhamba idzi dzaive dzakaoma kunzwisisa kupfuura kungoisa imwe tsamba kune imwe. Ichokwadi, kwaiva, zvichida mazana emamirioni-zvichida kunyange mabhiriyoni-ezvinokonzerwa kusanganiswa. Chinhu chinokosha, chakashandurwa zuva rega rega, chakasunungura code kuitira kuti mharidzo inogona kuparadzirwa uye kunzwisiswa. Kuzarura kushanda kwe Enigma code yakaita chipo chikuru mukukundwa kweAllies muHondo Yenyika II.
Ndiani Akasvinura Ma Enigma Codes ?:
Muna 2000, vanhu veBritish vanotsoropodza mafirimu vaifara pamusoro pefirimu yeAmerica, U-517 (Enzanisai Mutengo), pamusoro pegung ho, American submarine crew pamusangano wekutora iyo Enigma machine yakakurumidza kuguma kwehondo muAtlantic.
Munhu wose muBritain, zvirokwazvo, aiziva, kuti ndiyo yaive Royal Royalavy yakanga yatora mishonga uye yaive yakadii codebreaker kuBletchly Park iyo yakaizarura - nhau yakatarwa gore rakatevera muEnigma (Enzanisa Tsika), firimu naKate Winslet zvichienderana nekunakidza nguva yehondo Enigma, naRobert Harris.
Ichokwadi, mafirimu ose aya aive akavakirwa panhau dzechokwadi. Enigma mharidzo yaive kuverengwa kare muna 1940 mushure mokunge mamwe mavhiri emotokari akabatwa pavakasara vomuGirisi yeU-German vakabuda kuScotland. Uye, muna 1941, Britain Royal Navy Commandos yakabata mitambo yakawanda ye Enigma nemakona awo-kubva kune hove trawler kubva kumhenderekedzo yeNorway uye gare gare kubva kuU-110.
Asi munaJune 1944, US Navy Task Group yakabata Enigma makina uye mabhuku emitemo kubva kune rimwe chiGerman U-chikepe, U-505, iyo yakanga yakakoshawo kuWWII codebreaking.
Uye, kupa zvikwereti apo chikwereti chakakodzera, mapurisa ePolanders akange achishanda pane Enigma codes muma1930s, hondo isati yasvika. Vakapfuurira ruzivo rwavo kune vaFrance avo vakabva vagozviudza neBritish.
Ichokwadi ndechokuti paiva nemichina yakasiyana-siyana yeEnigma uye nzira yekuputsa mazano avo akaenderera mberi - kunyanya kuBletchley Park - muhondo yose.
Chii Chaungaona paBletchley Park ?:
- Nini Enigma mishonga, kusanganisira imwe chikwereti kubva kuU.S. National Crytologic Museum; imwe, yakashandiswa muSpain Civil War pamusoro pechikwereti kubva kuSpain Army Museum muToledo, Spain, uye neA rare Abwehr Enigma inoshandiswa neGermany SS.
- SG41 - muGermany cipher machine inoda kutora Enigma. Iyi makina yakakunda madzishe eBletchley
- Colossus, anotanga tape kuverenga, kombiyuta yekombiyuta uye kombiyuta yekutanga yekombiyuta. Colossus akabatsira vaAllied vatungamiriri vanovimbisa kuti maGermany akanga awira pasi nokuda kweshoko risingazivikanwi rakavanza D-Day landings.
- Bomb machine yakagadziriswa, imwe yekombiyuta yekare, iyo yakaita kuti kuve nehuwandu hwemashoko eInigma anokwanisa.
- Mhando dzakaratidzwa dzinotaura nhau yeBletchley Park, yevasori, zvakavanzika uye nhume dzinotyisa, uyewo zviratidzo zvakabva kubva munguva dzemotokari uye zvigoni zvekunyengedza kushandiswa kwemajeri asingasviki masheji asina njere.
- The Secret Post Office, iyo yakashanda vane 12 000 vaigara nekushanda paBletchley Park asi vakaramba vakavanzika kusvikira pane zvinyorwa muna 1998.
- I National Museum of Computing - sangano rakasiyana, rine mari yakagamuchirwa yekubvuma, iyo inowanikwa neBritain yakatanga kare kombiyuta, zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro nemichina.
Alan Turing - Bletchley Park's Unsung Hero:
Alan Turing aiva nyanzvi yemasvomhu, nyanzvi yezvemakombiyuta uye cryptanalyst. Akanga ari piyona wepakombiyuta akatanga T machine yake, muma1930, ndiyo yaiva yekutanga yebasa, guru rekushandisa kombiyuta. Akanyatsogadzira pfungwa dze "algorithm" uye "kuverenga". Turing akabatsira zvakakwana bhora machine iyo yakatsanangura zviuru zvekutambira mashoko kuBletchley. MunaJanuary 1940, buring rakanyatsogadziridzwa bhinzi rakagadzirisa yekutanga Enigma message.
Asi pasinei nekubvuma kwake kubwinya uye mupiro wehondo, nyaya yaTuring ndeimwe yematambudziko ehupfumi. Turing aibvumidzwa kuti ungochani pane imwe nguva apo zviitano zvechigenderane zvakange zvisingabvumirwi muBrithani. Muna 1952 akatongerwa mhosva yekusagadzikana mushure mekunge apomerwa mhosva yekupara-mune imwe jaya raakanga aine ukama hwepedyo. Akatongerwa uye, seimwe nzira yemutongo wejeri, akagamuchira kurapwa nemahomoni evanhukadzi. Makore maviri gare gare, muna 1954, akafa ne cyanide poisoning. Kunyange zvazvo coroner yaitonga rufu rwake kuzviuraya, amai vake nevamwe vavakidzani vaidavira kuti yaiva ngozi. Muna 2009, ipapo gurukota guru Gordon Brown, rakabudisa ruregerero ruregerero rwekutora "kutyisa" kwaTuring.
Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peTuring, hupenyu hwake uye mupiro wekuchera magetsi uye yekombiyuta yesayenzi kuBletchley.
Ndiani Achafadzwa Nekushanyira Bletchley Park ?:
Computer geeks, masangano emasangano epamusoro, mashematicians uye budding mathematicians achawana kushanyira Bletchley Park kunonakidza. Vatsori vechidiki nemafuta echicheptogram vachazvida zviitiko zvenguva dzose, mhuri yemazuva makumi masere, kudzokera zvakare, kuonekwa kwenguva pfupi uye kuratidzwa kunotungamirirwa kuchengetedza Bletchley Park inofadza kune dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri dzinogona kuona kuti dziri codebreaking dzinofarira mushure mezvose.
Mushanyi Anokosha kuBletchley Park uye National Museum of Computing:
Bletchley
- Kupi: Mansion, Bletchley Park, Sherwood Drive, Bletchley, Milton Keynes, MK3 6EB. Kana ukashandisa SatNav, shandisa kero yemugwagwa asi kwete iyo code code, iyo inogona kukutungamirira pane zvakaipa.
- Nhare: +44 (0) 1908 640404
- Kuzobvuma: Mukuru, kutenderwa uye matikiti emhuri pamwe chete netikiti zvevana 12-16. Vana vari pasi pe12 vanobvumirwa kusununguka uye mapoka evana kuburikidza nekugadzirira.
- Maawa: Zuva rega roga kunze kweEvhangeri yeKrisimasi kuburikidza neBhokisi reSvondo uye Zuva Remazuva Makore Nguva dzechando, 9:30 mangwanani kusvika 4p kubva munaNo. 1 kusvika Feb.28. Nguva yechando ichizaruka kusvika 5p kubva munaMarch 1 kusvika kuGumiguru 31
- Website
- Zvivako: Cafe muHut 4, uko Naval codebreakers yakashanda. Nzendo dzinotungamirirwa dzinosanganisira mutengo wokugamuchira.
National Museum of Computing
- Ikoko: Block H kuBletchley Park
- Zvose Zvenhare Telefon: +44 (0) 1908 374708
- Kubvuma: Kuparadzanisa mari yekugamuchira mari yose ye TMOC kana, kuderedzwa, kuColossus uye Tunny. Mvumo yekubhadhara yevakuru nevadzidzi. Vana vari pasi pe12 vakasununguka. Vanoshanyira TMOC chete havafaniri kubhadhara mari yekugamuchira Bletchley Park kupinda muBletchley Estate.
- Maawa: Colossus naTunny (rimwe basa rekuputsa code yeWWII) rakazaruka zuva rimwe nerimwe. Zvimwe zvinoratidza China neMugovera kubva 1 kusvika 4 pm munguva yechando uye kusvika 5pm mu summerl
- Website
- Zvivako: Kafi uye mabhizimisi ekuyeuchidza, kutungamirirwa kunotungamira kune imwe mari yakasiyana.