UNESCO World Heritage Sites muScotland

5 Nzvimbo Dzingakanganwika Dzakashanya kuScotland

Scotland ine zvikamu zvishanu zveNESCO World Heritage nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa nokuda kwetsika dzavo kana zvakakosha kunyika yose. Zvimwe zviri nyore kuona pafambi shoma kuScotland. Kuenda kune vamwe, kufanana neOrkney uye St Kilda, ndeyechokwadi kuenda kune dzimwe nguva asi kudzorera nguva yako nemabasa nemubairo unoshamisa. Ronga rwendo rwakapoteredza nzvimbo idzi dzinokosha kuti ushanyire kuScotland mune rwendo rwehupenyu hwose.

• 01 ye 05

  Forth Bridge

  The Forth Bridge ndiyo itsva yeScotland World Site yeScotland, ichizadzikisa munaJuly 2015, panguva chaiyo yekuberekwa kwema 125. Kutarisa Firth yePain anenge makiromita mapfumbamwe kumadokero kweEdinburgh ku South Queensferry, bhiriji rezvitima ndiro ndiro nyika yekutanga yebhuku rinogona kuisa ruzha rwepasi. Pamu 2,529 mamita (iyo inenge makiromita 1.57) ichiri chimwe chemadhudhudhu akareba kupfuura mamwe ose.

  Bhiriji rakavhurwa muna 1890, nenguva iyo teresi dzaitora pamusika wekufamba kwenguva refu. Itsva yeUNESCO inonyorwa:

  "Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabhizimisi ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nekuratidzwa pachena uye kusina kucheneswa kwezvikamu zvaro zvemuumbi. Innovative mumitauro, zvinhu uye zviyero, Forth Bridge inokosha inokosha mu bhuloji nekuvaka ..."

  Nzira yekuona sei Forth Bridge

  • Netsoka - Mafambisi kumaodzanyemba kwezasi kweFirth of Forth, kwakapoteredza South Queensferry uye kuchamhembe kweNorth Queensferry inopa maonero akanaka ebhiriji, chimwe chezviratidzo zveScotland. Kana uri kushanyira Edinburgh, kukwira kuChigaro chaArthur kana Salisbury Crags mu Holyrood Park kuti uone kure kure.
  • Pane bhiriji - Zvirongwa zviri mumabasa ekuumba zviitiko zviviri zvevakashanyi bhiriji. Mushanyi anoenda kuNorth Queensferry achabatanidza kuzarura mhepo yakasununguka kunzvimbo yekuona nzvimbo kumusoro kwechokuchamhembe. Kutungamirirwa kunofamba kubva pakati peSouth Queensferry kunotora vanofarira kutsvaga kuenda kumucheto kweshongwe yekuchamhembe. Iwe unogona kutarisa mavhidhiyo maverengeka uye uchienderera mberi nezviitiko paThe Forth Bridge Experience pano.
  • Nechikepe - Forth Tours dzinogara dzichironga zvigadziro zvezvikepe paFirth dzinopfuura nepasi pebhiriji kubva kune gomba kuSouth Queensferry. Vanewo mudzidzisi wekufamba rwendo rwendo rwunobva kuEdinburgh centre. Mukadzi we Forth anobata basa rezvikepe kune Inchorn Island pakati peFirth iyo inopawo maonero akanaka ebhiriji.

  The Forth Bridge muNhau

  Bhiriji racho rakagadzirwa nemucheka wakachena we-orange anti-rust coating. Zvinotora makore gumi kupendesa bhiriji uye munguva yakapfuura, pakarepo vanyori vacho vapedzisa pane imwe mugumo, vaifanira kutangazve kune imwe. Nokudaro mudivi reBritish, basa risati rapera rinonzi rakaita semifananidzo ye Forth Bridge.

  Icho hachisi chokwadi zvakare. Apo vanyori vakagumisa kupedza basa ravo remakore gumi, mugore ra2011, National Rail, vanochengetedza bhiriji, vakati mavara matsva uye tepi teknolojia yakaita kuti bhulogi risakwanisa kusununguka kwevanyori uye kuisa nguo dzemazana makumi maviri.

• 02 of 05

  St Kilda

  Muna 1930, nharaunda yese yeSt Kilda (vose makumi matatu nemakumi matatu) yakasiya chikamu chinogarwa chezviwi zvekure kure, makiromita 110 kumadokero kweScotland, nokuda kwenyika. Icho chaiva mugumo wemusha wakanga uine makore anenge 1 000. Humwe humwe uchapupu hwechiwiko hwakaratidza vanhu vakanga vari kushandisa chiwi ichi makore anenge 4 000.

  St Kilda imwe yenzvimbo dzisina kuwanikwa dzeUNESCO World Heritage dzinonyorwa pane zvinyorwa zvose zvetsika uye zvepanyama. Muna 1986 yakava yekutanga yenzvimbo yeWorld Heritage Site yeScotland. Muna 2005 yakabatana neboka rakasarudzwa revanhu vashoma vanoverengerwa kune zvose mutsika uye zvakasikwa zvakakosha. Muna 2013 yakasimudzirwa kusvika kunzvimbo yePamusoro Universal Value - yakachengeterwa izvo UNESCO inotarisa nzvimbo dzinoshamisa pasi pano.

  Nei St St Kilda?

  • Nenzira, Nzvimbo Inzvimbo Yenyika ichabatsira kuchengetedza uchapupu hwe "mabhiriyoni maviri emabasa evanhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma." Vagari vepachivako vaiva nehupfumi hwekuchengetedza makwai, kuunganidza zvinhu zvekudya uye kushandura nyika. Uchapupu hwemusha wavo wakasiyiwa, uye makwai ayo emakwenzi uye matombo (zvivako zvakaoma zvekuchengetedza matombo) achiri kumire kumusoro kwechiteshi cheSt Kilda chete, paHirta.
  • Boka rechitsuwa rakagadzirwa nechisimba chekare chekuputika kwemvura, glaciers uye kudengenyeka kwezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvinowanikwa uye zvinoshamisa zvegungwa. Zvizhinji zveSt. Kilda zvinoda kusvika.
  • Zvisikwa zvipenyu uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana pazvitsuwa ndicho chikonzero chakanaka chokushanyira.More anopfuura mamiriyoni ega egungwa anoshandisa zvitsuwa zvekudyara uye kusimuka, kunyanya puffins, gannet uye maparimari. Zvitsuwa izvi zvakare kumusha weferal Soay makwai, rudzi rwekare rungangodaro rwakaunzwa ikoko nevatori veSt Kilda, zviuru zvemakore apfuura.
  • Kunyangwe mvura iri pasi pemvura uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana inowanikwa muNhoroondo yeWorld Heritage.

  Kuenda kuSt Kilda ...

  ... haisi basa rakanyanya. Iwe unogona kutora chikepe kuenda kuchitsuwa asi kana iwe uchikwanisa kuitika kunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye matsi - hapana chivimbo. Verenga rondedzero yedu pamusoro pekufamba kuSt Kilda.

  Nokuda kwekuti upenyu huri hwakaoma sei kune avo vepachivande vepachivande, shanyira Glasgow's Riverside Museum uko vanochengeta "Jollyboat", chimwe chezvikepe zvekupedzisira zvokugadzira izvo vesi vepachivako vaishandisa zvikepe zvekugadzira, mail nevakashanyira kune imwe nzvimbo yekufambisa.

• 03 of 05

  Edinburgh Old and New Towns

  Guta reScotland uye chigaro cheParamende idzva, rinobatanidza vechidiki uye vemazuva ano kunzwa kweguta guru reyununivhesiti uye nheyo yenyika nechinzvimbo chakasikwa uye chinoshamisa. Iyo inobata guru guru rekuita shanduro yemutambo , ine chine makore ane chiuru chengoro yekare uye gomo - Arthur's Seat - chaipo pakati peguta.

  Guta racho, guta guru reScotland kubva muzana remakore rechi15, rakakamurwa kuva nzvimbo mbiri dzakasiyana - chiGeorgian neoclassical New Town ine nzvimbo dzakawanda uye nzvimbo dzomumunda uye Old Town, yakasimbiswa nenhare yakapfuura yeEidinburgh Castle.

  Sangano reUNESCO rinonyora kuti nzvimbo inobvumirana yezvikamu zviviri inoita kuti guta rive rakasiyana nemunhu uye, vachirumbidza Edinburgh "kukwanisa kusvika pakugadzira maguta", inoti:

  "Kusiyana pakati pezvakaitika kare vekare Old Town uye yakagadzirirwa neGeorge New Town yeEdinburgh, kuScotland, inopa kujekesa kwekugadzirwa kwemaguta kusina kufananidzwa muEurope."

  The Princes Street Gardens

  Paki, ine makomo, mabani uye matanda - anozivikanwa seChechi Street Gardens - anokamura Edinburgh's Old and New Towns uye anopa nzvimbo yeNeoclassical Scottish National Galleries uye Royal Scottish Academy . Rinotarisa, kune nyika yose, sepanyika yepanyama, pane imwe ine makomo eEdinburgh uye inoshamisa Castle Rock.

  Muzvokwadi, iyo yose yakagadzirwa nevanhu, yakaumbwa nekudhonza Nor Norch - iyo pachayo yakagadzirwa nevanhu-iyo yakanga iri chikamu chezvidziviriro zveimba. Minda uye chikomo chinozivikanwa seThe Mound chakasikwa kubva kune zvinodarika mamiriyoni motokari zvakatakura zvakapambwa zvakagadzirwa munguva yekuvaka kweNew Town.

• 04 of 05

  New Lanark

  New Lanark ndiyo yakasikwa muzana remakore rechi19 Utopian idealist Robert Owen. Musha wemaguta wakagadzirwa nechinangwa, wakagadzwa muna 1785 nababa vomudzimai waOwen, akanga atova nemagetsi ekugadzirwa nemvura nemvura yakagadzirwa nemakotoni uye dzimwe dzimba dzevashandi apo Owen akatora basa rake pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19. Yakanga iri, kunyange zvakadaro, iyo yakakura huru yezvivako zvemaindasitiri munyika.

  Owen akasarudza kushandisa mazano ake ezvinyorwa zvekubata paternalism kuti agadzirise mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwemaguta ane nzvimbo yakasununguka, dzimba dzakanaka, dzimba dzakanaka, dzidzo nekuvandudzika kwemagariro kune vashandi, nzvimbo dzakasimwa minda uye uye, panguva iyo, maitiro akanaka ekushanda. Kuronga nekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa hupenyu hunovashandi, hunofananidzwa "nenyaya inokosha munhoroondo dzezvemagariro evanhu uye zvemabhizimusi" uye ine simba risingaperi kubva ipapo. Maererano neNESCO yakanyorwa kuti:

  "New Lanark chiyeuchidzo chakasiyana-siyana chokuti kusika kwepfuma hazvirevi kuti kutyisa kwevatori varo ... Musha ... waiva muedzo-mubhedha wemafungiro aida kuvandudza mamiriro evanhu pasi rose ... uye maitiro ehupfumi ayo Owen akabudirira aifungidzirwa echisimba panguva yake asi iye zvino ava kugamuchirwa zvikuru munzanga yanhasi. "

  Pashure peNew Lanark

  Owen akapfuurira kuwana nzvimbo yeUtopian yeNew Harmony, Indiana, maererano nevakuru veNew Lanark. Asi, kunze kwechinangwa chekubatanidza chekugoverwa kwekugadzira mishonga muScotland, yakakundikana sechinhu chinoshandiswa mune zvezvemari mumakore maviri. New Lanark mishonga yakatengeswa kanoverengeka, pakupedzisira ikava roperie tisati tavhara muma1960. Mishonga yemvura yakasimwa mvura yakaramba ichishanda kubva muna 1786 kusvika muna 1968. Zvichida nokuda kweizvi, vakapona zvisingashanduki muzana remakore rechi21.

  New Lanark Nhasi

  Zvivako zvekugadziriswa, zvakagadzirirwa vagari vevashandi, masangano ezvidzidzo uye chikoro zvinoramba sechiratidziro chekutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 rakavhenekerwa muridzi nemushandi. Nzvimbo iyi yakanga yakanyorwa mubhuku reRealth Heritage muna 2001.

  The New Lanark Trust, iyo yakanyoreswa yeScottish charity, inochengetedza nzvimbo yeWorld Heritage inotarisira kuichengetedza se "nzvimbo yakagadzikana, ine vagari vanogara uye nemikana mitsva yebasa."

  Zvakawanda zvewebsite zvakasununguka kune vashanyi gore rose, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuratidzira uye zvitsva kuti zvione kubva kuMusangano's Center. Nzvimbo iyi inosanganisira hoteli mune imwe yezvivako zvekugadzira uye nehostele mune imwe nzvimbo yekuvakwa kwekugara, doro rekugarisa uye rekutengesa zvemastile uye makamuri emagungano emakonti, zvidzidzo uye zviratidzo. Imwe yezvivakwa zvekugara, inozivikanwa seThe Double Row, zvikamu zvayo zvaive mubasa rakapfuurira kusvikira 1970, iri kudzorerwa kuti rigare.

  Enda kunzvimbo yavo yepaIndaneti nokuda kwekuzarura nguva nezvitengo.

• 05 of 05

  Mwoyo weNeolithic Orkney

  Vanoshanyira Orkney vanobva varohwa nehukuru hwakanyanya hwezvinhu zvisingazivikanwi zvekare zvekare izvo zvinoshandisa zviwi. Zvimwe zvinopfuura makore 5 000, zvakatangira Stonehenge uye mapiramidi nemazana emakore emakore. Nzvimbo iyi inosanganisira mabhiri maviri akasiyana nematombo, The Standing Stones of Stenness uye Ring of Brodgar; imba yakavigwa mumakamuri yakazara yakazara neViking inomhanya kubva pane imwe nguva, Maeshowe; musha wemakore mashanu emakore, Skara Brae, uye mimwe mitauro isina kuvezwa uye nzvimbo.

  Zviyeuchidzo zvinoumba nzvimbo yeWorld Heritage inonzi inonyanya kukosha kubva panguva yeNeolithic muWestern Europe. Iyo yakanyatsopindika, musha wegore re5000 we Skara Brae yakangowanikwa muzana remakore rechi19 apo dutu rine chisimba rakabvuta jecha rakanga rakafukidzwa naro kwemakumi emakore. Inonzi inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kweNolithic yakanakisisa munyika. Chokutanga chakanyorwa pakurongwa muna 1999, nzvimbo yacho yakazotevera yakasimudzirwa kuIndaneti Yese Yakakosha. UNESCO Listing yakati:

  "Zviyeuchidzo zveOrkney dzine humwe uchapupu hunoshamisa kana humwe humwe hunokosha hwemadzitateguru evanhu vomunharaunda yakakwira makore anopfuura mazana mashanu kusvika ku1 000 asi yakanyangarika pakati pe2000 BC ... Izvo zvinopupurira kubudirira kwetsika dzevanhu veNeolithic vokuchamhembe kweEurope, munguva 3000-2000 BC. "

  Zvitsva zvitsva zvemaitiro makuru kana mhemberero pamusana wenyika inozivikanwa seThe Ness yeBrdgar vari kuwedzera ruzivo ruzhinji uye uchapupu hweOrkney vanhu vekare. Vanogona kushanyira panguva yakarongwa yechando yekuchera matongo. Nzira yakanakisisa yekushanyira chero imwe ye Orkney zviyeuchidzo zvekare ndeyekumwe kechimwe chezvivako zvechivako kana archeologists.