Jesuit Missions ye South America
Vapristi veSosaiti yaJesu, avo vanowanzozivikanwa sevaJesuits, avo vakakurudzira mutsva wekutumwa mune izvo zvino kuArgentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay neParaguay vakanga vasina pfungwa yokuti rimwe zuva matongo emasangano avo, makuru kana maduku, ive pane dunhu rekufambira.
Vashanyi vauya kuzoona matongo, chiyero chikuru chemamwe machechi, mifananidzo yakaveredzwa yakakumbwa kubva kuEurope art of the day, uye nzira yehutongi, hutongi hwakanaka hwakagadzira maJesuit misangano kusiyanisa zvakakwana kune vatungamiri vemamwe madzinza kune dzimwe nzvimbo muLatin America.
Mukudzoka kwekuregererwa kumutemo we encomienda umo mazera emadzinza aive pasi pebasa rebasa rekushanda kwavo, vaJesititi vakaronga pfungwa inoverengeka iyo imwe nharaunda, iyo inonzi reducción kana redução muchiPutukezi, yakagadzirwa sehutano uye hupfumi kuwedzerwa kwebasa rekuunza chitendero cheRoma Katurike kuvanhu vemunharaunda, kunyanya madzinza e Guaraní, kuburikidza nemirayiridzo yezvidzidzo, dzidzo, maitiro ekutengeserana uye kutengeserana. Aya mahofisi aizoita mutero weChristina korona se "mubhadharo" wokubva kumiganhu mukutonga kweJesuit. Paiva nevapristi vaviri vakagoverwa kune rimwe nerimwe redu, rimwe nerimwe rine mabasa akasiyana uye akajeka.
The Guaraní vaiva varimi vane mukurumbira sevarwi vane simba. Pasi pechirongwa chekuderedza , vaigara mumhuri uye vakaunza unyanzvi hwekurima navo. Vakadzidza dzidzo yepamusoro nemishonga yakadai sokuveza, kucheka kweganda, kugadzirisa, unyanzvi, kugadzira mabhuku uye kugadzirira manyore.
Vakomana vakanyanya kuvimbiswa vakapiwa mberi, dzidzo dzechikoro. Sangano re Guaraní rakakurumidza kuva ruzivo, uye matarenda avo ekugadzira akazozivikanwa seBaraní baroque. VaIndia vakashanda nyika dzomunharaunda, vaiva nebasa shoma zuva uye nguva yakazvipira kumitambo yechitendero, mitambo, dzidzo uye mimhanzi.
Kuburikidza kwekugadzirwa uye unyanzvi kunotungamirirwa kukereke dzakanakisisa dzakashanda nekuvakwa kwemahofisi. VaJesititi vakachengetedza madzinza kubva kune "masimba akaipa" uye kushandiswa nevaEurope. Zvechokwadi, sezvo nzvimbo idzi dzeSouth America dzaiva kure nemakona eSpain nePortugal, maJesititi akagadzira nzvimbo dzavo dzine simba.
Mumakore 150 anotevera, nhume dzakakura dzikava maduku maduku, mune simba rezvemari uye nzvimbo dzezvidzidzo uye mhizha kumarudzi eIndia. Izvozvo zvakagadziriswa zvine maitiro avo, asi vose vakagovana chirongwa chakafanana chehurongwa. Akakomberedza musha weguta uye nemuchinjikwa wake uye chifananidzo chetsvene wevashumiri, yaiva kereke, koreji, chechikoro uye dzimba dzevagari veIndia. Rductions rimwe nerimwe rakapawo imba yechirikadzi, chipatara, mahofisi akawanda ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekugadzira uye zvimwe zvivigiro.
Sezvavaikura, mamishinari aya akatora chiziviso cheSpain, Portugal, naPapa Clement XIV vaitya kuti vaJesitesi vaive vane simba guru, ivo pachavo vakasununguka. Muna 1756, maSpanish nemaPutukezi vakarwisa hurumende, vachiuraya vakawanda uye vachibva vasiya reducciónes uye reduçãos mukuparadzwa. Vagari vomunharaunda vakapukunyuka vakatiza, uye vaJesitesi vakadzingwa kubva kuSouth America, sezvavakabva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika.
Zvisinei, mweya wavo unoramba uri mumatongo emamishinari akawanda: gumi nematanhatu kuderedza muArgentina, vanomwe muParaguay uye manomwe reduçãos mune izvo zvino zviri kuBrazil.
Kutumwa kwekutanga kwaiva muBrazil, kwakatanga muna 1609, asi yakasiyiwa muma1640 mushure mokudzokidzwa zvakare nePaulistas, kubva kuSao Paulo, iyo yakatangwa nevaJesititi muna 1554. Pakupedzisira mamishinari akanga akashonga uye akagadzirira kudzorera bandirantes , vaPutukezi nehafu -VaIndia vashandi vanobva kuBrazil.
MuParaguay, nzvimbo dzemitambo dzaive pakati peTebicuary y Paraná nzizi mune izvozvi zvino madhipatimendi eMisiones naItapúa. Ona iyi mapu.
Yekutanga Jesuit Reducción muParaguay iri muguta reSan Ignacio de las Misiones, 226 Km kubva kuAsunción. Inzvimbo yemamishinari inomiririra yevose vaJesuit reducciones neruzivo rukuru rwemamishinari nzira yehupenyu.
Iri muguta reSantos Cosme y Damián, 342 Km kubva kuAsunción, basa iri raiva rekuongorora nyeredzi nechechikoro.
Iri muSanta María, 240 Km kubva kuAsunción, pedyo neCiudad de San Ignacio, basa iri rakavakwa pamwero mukuru. Inayo musamuziyamu ine tsanangudzo dzekuvakwa uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Iyi nhume ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzemamishinari anoshandiswa. Misha yevaIndia inopinda nepakati pepaipera apo kune zvivako uye musamu. Inowanikwa muguta reSantiago, iyo iri pakati pe Fiesta de la Tradición Misionera .
Zvimwe Paraguayan, Argentine, Bolivia, Brazilian uye Uruguayan missiones pane peji rinotevera.
- Jesús del Tavarangué (1685)
Ichinzi sePatrimonio Universal de la Humanidad neUNESCO muna 1993, uye iri muCiudad de Jesús, basa iri riri munzvimbo yakajeka uye ndeimwe yevakadzorerwa zvikuru uye vakashanyira Jesuit reducciónes . - Santa Rosa de Lima (1698)
248 Km yakazara Asunción muguta reSanta Rosa, basa iri rinonyatsozivikanwa nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye Capilla de Loreto. - Trinidad del Paraná (1706)
Yakanziwo sePatrimonio Universal de la Humanidad neUNESCO muna 1993, iyi ndiyo yaiva yekupedzisira yeJesuit reducciones muParaguay uye ndiyo inowanzoshanyirwa. Chechi huru, chikoro, masangano, dzimba, kumakuva, munda wemichero uye musamuziyamu zvinopa ruzivo muhupenyu uye mafiro emabasa.Ajendina:
Mazhinji emamishinari ari pakati pemiganhu yeParaguay neBrazil, muruwa rweMissiones. - San Jose de Lules
- San Ignacio Miní (1732)
- San Ignacio Miní's Mission, Nuestra Señora de Loreto, Santa Ana, Santa María La Mayor
- Corpus, San Carlos, San José, Martires, San Javier, Conception, Apostoles, Santo Tomé, Yapeiu, La Cruz, Candelaria
- Sao Lourenco Marita , iye zvino anozivikanwa seSan Lorenzo muParana.
- San Nicolas , iyo yakatangwa muBrazil uye yakatamira kune izvo zvino iri hurumende yeMissiones inotevera kurwiswa nebandirantes .
- Santa Ana , pakutanga yakatangwa muBrazil uye akatamira kunzvimbo ino pedyo nerwizi rweParana.
Borivhiya:
Nhume idzi dziri muChiquitania nzvimbo kubva kuSanta Cruz, kumabvazuva kuRío Grande kusvika kumuganhu neBrazil. Idzo nheyo, dzakavakwa pakati pe1696 na1760, dzakanzi "World Heritage" neUNESCO World Heritage Committee muna 1990. - San Javier 1691, yaiva yekutanga yeBolivia. Chechi yaro "inzvimbo yakareba yakadzika, denga rinouya richidzika zvakasimba kuti riite veranda kumativi uye bhavha rakadzika pamberi. Iko kune muchengeti kune rumwe rutivi, ne belltower yemapuranga yakazaruka. Inzvimbo yechechi iri ruvara rutsva nemitsetse miviri yemakona makuru, rimwe nerimwe rakavezwa kubva mumuti mumwe chete, richikwira kusvikira kumusoro kweatari. Iyo huni inotorwa nemirairi miviri, tsvuku tsvuku yakagadzirwa kubva panyika yepanyika, uye yakasviba kubva muvhu. Pamusoro peatari zvakavezwa - hazvina maturo nemaJesuit maitiro, asi hupenyu -kuudza nyaya yevaJesuits. Yakachengetwa masikati, usiku kereke inouya iine hupenyu apo magetsi emagetsi anopisa nechiedza uye yave yakazara nokuda kwebasa remanheru. "
Basa revaJesugia reBolivia: - San Ramón
- San Ignacio de Velazco
- Concepción
- Santa Ana (1637)
- San José de Chiquitos
- San Jose
- San Francisco Javier, Conception, San Miguel, San Rafael
- Sao Joaquin (1747), San Estanislao (1747), Belen (1760)
Bhuraziri:
- Sao Miguel Arcanjo (das Missoes) (1687) , pedo neguta reSanto Angelo, "Inorondedzerwa neUnco seNzvimbo Yenyika Yenzvimbo Dzakakwirira, matongo echechi yaamai veSão Miguel ndiyo chiratidzo chikuru muBrazil chemamishinari ekubudirira. Yakagadzirwa nemupristi wechiJesititi uye muumbi wehuni João Batista Promoli, kereke ndiyo muenzaniso wekuvakwa kwebaroque wemamishinari, akafuridzirwa nemitemo yeRenaissance yakagadzwa naVignola kwechechi yeGesu muRoma. Chimwe chikamu chikuru chekuvakwa kwechitendero mumisha yevaJesititi, ichiri nemasara emasvingo, zvikamu, zvivako, chivako uye bell tower, uye, senzvimbo inokosha yenzvimbo yenzvimbo, yakachengetedzwa uye yakadzoserwa neHurumende yeMasikirwo. Yakatarisana nayo ndiyo Museum of Missões, iyo zvinhu zvekudhiridza uye zvivakwa zvinoratidzwa uye kunezve kuvaka kwekugadzirisa uye dzimba dzeIndia nemuvakadzi Lucio Costa. ".
- San Luis Gonzaga uye Santo Angel Custodio Missions
- Santo Angelo (1706), Sao Francisco de Borja (1682), Sao Nicolau, Sao Luiz Gonzaga, Sao Lourenço Martir (1690), Sao Joao Batista (1697)
Urugwayi:
- San Juan Bautista muzuva redu reColonia de Sacramento, rakatangwa nePortugal.
kuti uende kune imwe yenhume, chengetera ndege kubva munzvimbo yako. Iwe unogonawo kutarisa mahotera uye kukodzwa kwemotokari.
Wakamboshanyira maJesuit missions here? Kana zviri izvo, taurira zviitiko zvako nechinzvimbo mumusangano.
Buen viaje!