Musi waJune 18, 1908, vokutanga vokuJapan vakapinda munyika yeBrazil, vakapinda muKasato Maru. Nguva itsva yakanga iri kuda kutanga tsika yeBrazil uye rudzi, asi kusingaperi kwakanga kusina kutanga uye kunyanya mupfungwa dzevashandi vachangobva kusvika vakange vapindura kubvunzwa kwechibvumirano chekuJapan neBrazil. Vazhinji vavo vaifungidzira rwendo rwavo sechiitiko chenguva pfupi - nzira yekubudirira kubudirira vasati vadzokera kunyika yavo.
Rwendo rwokubva Kobe kuenda kumahombekombe eSantos, muSão Paulo State, rwakapedza mazuva makumi mashanu. Kunze kwevashandi 781 vakasungwa nechibvumirano chekupinda kune dzimwe nyika, kwaivawo nevatakuri 12 vakazvimirira. Sangano Rokudyidzana, Rokutengeserana uye Rwokuenda Rwendo rwakaita kuti rwendo ruvepo rwakasayirwa muParis muna 1895. Zvisinei, dambudziko mubhizimisi rekhofi reBrazilian rakagara kusvikira 1906 rakanonoka kupinda kwekutanga kwevaJapan vakapinda munyika.
Muna 1907, mutemo mutsva wakabvumira hurumende imwe yeBrazil kuti iise mitemo yayo yekufambisa. São Paulo State yakatsunga kuti zviuru zvitatu zveJapan zvinogona kutama kwemakore matatu.
A Saga Inotanga
Japan yakafamba kuburikidza nekushandurwa kwakakura pasi peMperor Meiji (Mutsuhito), mutongi kubva muna 1867 kusvika pakufa kwake muna 1912, uyo akazvitora basa rekuvandudza Japan. Zvimwe zviitiko zvenguva zvakakanganisa hupfumi zvakashata. Mukushandura kubva pagumi nemapfumbamwe kusvika kumazana makumi maviri, Japan yakatambudzwa neYokutanga Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) uye Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905).
Pakati pehumwe matambudziko, nyika yakanga iri kutamburira kudzorerazve varwi vachidzoka.
Munguva iyi, mhizha yekofi muBrazil yakanga ichikura uye kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwevashandi vemapurazi, zvichienderana nechikamu kusvika kusunungurwa kwevaranda muna 1888, kwakanga kwakaita kuti hurumende yeBrazil izarure ports kusvika kune dzimwe nyika.
Vasati vabva kuJapan vainge vatamira kune imwe nyika, vakawanda vaibva kuEurope vakanga vapinda muBrazil.
Mukutanga kwegore ra2008 rinoratidzira pamusoro pekuJapan kwakapinda munyika yeBrazil paKoff Museum kuSantos, imwe nyanzvi yakaratidza nzvimbo dzakatangira vatasvi vakapinda muKasato Maru:
- Okinawa
- Fukushima
- Kagoshima
- Kumamoto
- Hiroshima
- Yamaguchi
- Aichi
- Ehime
- Kochi
- Miyagi
- Niigata
- Tokyo
Rwendo rwokubva kuJapan kuenda kuBrazil rwakabhadharwa nehurumende yeBrazil. Mishandirapamwe yemakambani emabasa emakambani muBrazil kusvika kuJapan vanhu vakavimbisa zvakakosha zvikuru kune vose vanoda kushanda pamapurazi emafivha. Zvisinei, vashandi vachangobva kusvika vaizoona zvipikirwa izvozvo zvaiva zvenhema.
Kusvika muBrazil
Yakagadzirwa muJapan, bhuku reBrazil rinotaura nezve Nikkei (chiJapane uye dzinza) hupenyu, inoshuma kuti maonero okutanga evaJapan vakanga vapinda mairi akanyorwa mubhuku raJam Amcio Sobral, muBrazil muongorori wokufambira mberi. Akataura hutsva hutsva hwekubva kune dzimwe nyika, kushivirira, uye kurongeka.
Paakasvika kuSantos, vatorwa veKasato Maru vakagamuchirwa pane imwe nzvimbo yevaeni. Vakabva vatamiswa kuSão Paulo, kwavakagara mazuva mamwe kune imwe nzvimbo yekutakura vasati vaendeswa kumapurazi efivha.
Harsh Reality
Nhasi Kuenda kune Chirangaridzo kuSão Paulo, yakagadzirwa pachivako chakatsiva nzvimbo yekutanga yevakabva kune dzimwe nyika, ine chinyorwa chekugara kweJapan purazi rekofi.
Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vokuJapane vakanga vapinda munyika vakagara mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma muJapan, avo vakanga vasingagoni kuenzanisa nemapuranga asina miti akanga ane zvisikwa zvevhu zvakanga zvamirira muBrazil.
Ichokwadi chine utsinye hwehupenyu pamapurazi ekofi - kusagadzikana kwekugara, kushanda kwechisimba, masangano aisunga vashandi kusaruramisira, zvakadai sekutenga zvigadzirwa pamatengo anonyadzisa kubva mumashamba emasimangu-akaita kuti vazhinji vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vaputse chikamu uye kutiza.
Maererano nemashoko kubva kuMusamende weJapan Immigration muLiberdade, São Paulo, rakabudiswa neAACIJB - Association for the Celebrations of the Japanese Immigration muBrazil, vashandi vese 781 Kasato Maru vakashandiswa nemapurazi matanhatu efivha. Nenguva yaSeptember 1909, 191 voga voga vakanga vapinda munyika iyoyo. Purazi yekutanga yekusiyiwa muhuwandu hwakawanda yaive Dumont, muguta remazuva ano reDumont, SP.
Maererano neEstações Ferroviárias do Brasil, kusati kwasvika kwevakatanga kupinda muJapan purazi reDumont vaimbova vababa vaAlberto Santos Dumont, piyona weBrazil wepayona. Dhiyabhorosi Dumont yechitima chemasitirwo apo vanhu vekuJapan vaibva kune dzimwe nyika vasvika vakamira.
Kuenda kune dzimwe nyika kunopfuurira
Musi waJune 28, 1910, boka rechipiri revaJapan rakabva kune dzimwe nyika rakasvika kuSantos yaiva muRyojun Maru. Vakatarisana nematambudziko akafanana mukugadzirisa hupenyu pamapurazi emafivha.
Mune pepa rake "Kuva 'Japanese' muBrazil naOkinawa", nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu Kozy K. Amemiya anotsanangura kuti vashandi vokuJapan vakasiya mapurafi eSão Paulo vakaenderera mberi kusvika nechokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero nekumwe nzvimbo dziri kure, vachiumba masangano ekutsigira aifanira kuva chinhu chinokosha mune hupenyu hwekupedzisira hunoitika hupenyu hweJapane muBrazil.
Wokupedzisira Kasato Maru akapinda kuti apfuure aiva Tomi Nakagawa. Muna 1998, apo Brazil yakapemberera makore makumi mapfumbamwe emakumi maviri ekuJapan akaendeswa kune dzimwe nyika, akanga achiri mupenyu uye akabatanidzwa mumhemberero.
Gaijin - Caminhos da Liberdade
Muna 1980, saga yevakatanga kubuda muJapan muBrazil yakazosvika pachikwereti chesirivha neBrazilian moviemaker Gaijin - Caminhos da Liberdade , firimu rakafuridzirwa munyaya yembuya vake. Muna 2005, nyaya yacho yakaramba iine Gaijin - Ama-me como Sou .
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pemudzimai weNikkei muBrazil, shanyira Bunkyo muSão Paulo, uko Museum yeJapan Immigration iripo.