Slum tourism, dzimwe nguva inonzi "ghetto kutarisa," inosanganisira kutarisa kune dzimwe nyika dzine urombo, kunyanya muIndia, Brazil, Kenya neIndonesia. Chinangwa chekushanyirwa kwekutambira ndechokupa vatashanyi mukana wekuona "zvisati zvisiri kutenderera" nzvimbo dzenyika kana guta.
The History of Slum Tourism
Kunyange zvazvo kutarisa kwekushanyirwa kwakave kune humwe hunozivikanwa pasi rose mumakore achangopfuura, haisi pfungwa itsva.
Mumakore ekuma1800, vapfumi veLondon vaifamba vachienda kumakwikwi gumi eEast End. Kushanyira kwokutanga kwakatanga pasi pechikonzero che "rudo," asi pamakumi emakore mashomanana anotevera, tsika yacho yakapararira kumaguta eUnited States neNew York neChicago. Nekudiwa, vatambi vekushanyirwa vakatungamira mazano ekutarisa idzi dzinharaunda dzine urombo.
Kushanya kweSlum, kana kuona kuti imwe imwe hafu yaigara sei, yakafa pakati pemakore ekuma1900, asi yakadzokidzwazve muSouth Africa nemhaka yehutongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, kushanyira, kunyange zvakadaro, kwakatungamirirwa nevanodzvinyirirwa vemaodzanyemba vekuSouth Africa vaida nyika kuti inzwisise dambudziko ravo. Kubudirira kwebhidhiyo "Slumdog Millionaire" kwakaunza urombo hweIndia kune nyika uye kutashanya kwekufambira kwakapararira kumaguta akadai seDharavi, kumba kumusha mukuru weIndia.
Vatashambadzi vemazuva ano vanoda ruzivo rwechokwadi, kwete nzvimbo dzakachena-dzakashambidzwa dzevashanyi dzakave dzakakurumbira muma1980. Kutarisa kweSlum kunosangana nechishuvo ichi-kupa kutarisa munyika kunze kwezvavanoziva.
Kudzivirirwa Kunetseka neSlum Tourism
Sezvakangoita munharaunda dzose dzekushanyisa, kushanya kwekutarisa kunogona kuchengeteka - kana kwete. Paunosarudza rwendo rwekutsvaga, vaenzi vanofanira kushandisa kushingaira kwakakodzera kuti vaone kana rwendo rwakabvumirwa, rine mukurumbira wakanaka pane zviitiko zvekuongorora uye inotevera mirayiridzo yemunharaunda.
Nemuenzaniso, Reality Tours uye Travel, iyo yakaonekwa paPBS, inotora vanhu 18 000 mumafambi eDharavi, India gore negore.
Mafambiro anosimbisa zviratidzo zvehutu, zvakadai sehupfumi hwezvipatara, mabhangi uye varaidzo, uye mararamiro ayo, zvakadai sekushaiwa kwemba nzvimbo uye mudzimba dzekugezera uye marundi emarara. Rwendo runoratidza vatenzi kuti havasi vose vane imba yepakati-kati, asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti havana hupenyu hwakasimba. Uyezve, 80% yemari inobva kuhanyi idzi inoputirwa zvakare mumishonga yekuvandudza mharaunda.
Zvinosuruvarisa, mamwe makambani, achitora mazita akafanana nemagwaro, anopa "marwendo" asingaratidzi mafungiro nemafungiro asi anoshandisa mharaunda. Havasi kupomesa mari kumashure munharaunda, kana.
Nemhaka yekuti hapana chimiro chevashandi vekushanyirwa kwekushanyirwa zvakadaro, vatashanyi vanofanira kuzvisarudzira ivo pachavo kana kambani inoshanya yekambani iri kushanda semitemo uye yakasununguka sezvinotaura.
Slum Tourism muBrazil
Nharaunda dzeBrazil, nzvimbo dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dziri kunze kwemaguta makuru seSão Paulo, inotora vafambi 50 000 gore roga roga. Rio de Janeiro ine nzvimbo dzakakwirira zvikuru kune imwe guta muguta reBrazil. Slum yekushanyirwa kwemaBazalas eBrazil inokurudzirwa nehurumende yehurumende. Mafambiro anopa mukana wokunzwisisa kuti mharaunda iyi yezvikomo inzvimbo dzakasununguka, kwete zvirwere zvinodhaka zvinoratidzwa nemavhidhiyo.
Nzira dzekufambisa dzakadzidziswa dzinotyaira vatashanyi kuenda kune foni nevan uye zvinopa mafambiro ekufamba kuti vaone zvinovaraidza zvemuhara, nzvimbo dzemunharaunda, uye kunyange kusangana nevanhu vanogara imomo. Kazhinji, kupfeka mafirimu kunorambidzwa pamasitepisi ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza ruremekedzo kuvanhu vanogara imomo.
Zvinangwa zvehurumende zvekutarisa favelas dzinosanganisira:
- kutsanangura hupfumi hwefavela (basa, hurumende, marisi ekurenda uye zvimwe),
- kusimbisa hurumende yefavela (zvipatara, kutengesa, mabhengi, mafashoni nekuvaraidza),
- kutarisa zvikoro uye nzvimbo dzemunharaunda,
- kushanyira mishonga yemagariro,
- kuwirirana nevagari vemo uye kushanya kumisha yavo,
- uye kufara kudya pane imwe nzvimbo yekutengesa.
Kunetseka Pamusoro peSlum Tourism
Kunyange zvazvo Brazil yakanyatsorongedza hurongwa hwayo hwekushanyirwa kwekutambira, zvinetso zvinoramba zviripo. Pasinei nemitemo nemitemo, vamwe vatashanyi vanotora mapikicha uye vanogovana navo mumagariro evanhu.
Zvingangodaro nokuda kwekukoshesa kana kuedza kujekesa nyika kumatambudziko evanhu mumatumba, zvifananidzo izvi zvinogona kukuvadza kupfuura kunaka. Vamwe vanotarisa vanofambisa, saizvozvo, vanoshandura vatashanyi, vachiti mazendo avo anotsigira mabhizinesi emunharaunda kunze kwekuti vadzorere kumhara. Zvichida chinonyanya kukoshesa, asi, ndechokuti kana kutarisa kwekutambudza kuchienda kusina kunaka, hupenyu hwechokwadi hunovhiringidzwa.
Kutaridzika kwekutarisa kwekutaridzika kunoenderana nemitemo yehurumende, vatungamiri vetsika dzevatariri, uye vatariri vanofunga. Kana izvi zvikaungana pamwe chete, vatashanyi vanogona kuva neruzivo rwekufamba rwendo , kuwana ruzivo rwepasi rose uye vagari vemo vanogona kubatsirwa.