Chiyeuchidzo Chinyararire cha1970s Khmer Rouge Misrule
Chenjerera munhu anotyisa ari muranda weumwe pfungwa. Ndiro musoro unowanzoitika munhau, asi isu semhuka tinoita sokuti tisingadzokeri kudzokera kune iyo kakawanda pasi pezvinodiwa zveHitler, Stalin, Pol Pot ... uye vamwe pasina mubvunzo vakamirira mumapapiro.
Migumisiro yePol Pot's "Zero Gore" - kutenda kwake kusingatauri kuti Cambodia ("Kampuchea") yaida kucheneswa kubva kuvanyori, vadzidzisi nezvimwewo tsvina - inogona kuonekwa munguva yemasikati, kushanyira Phnom Penh's Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum uye the Choeung Ek Killing Fields .
"Cambodia ine nhamo yakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura yekuparara kwevanhu, iyo yakaitika kubva muna 1975-1979 uye ichiri kuunza nyika nhasi kune maitiro akasiyana-siyana," anotsanangura Jennifer Ryder Joslin, an expat ari muPnom Penh uye munyori wevanyori (pamwe neshamwari Stevo) ye bhuku rekufamba mbiri Two Can Travel. "Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum muPnom Penh inzvimbo inokosha yekushanyira kunzwisiswa zvakadzama kwezvakaitwa nevanhu veCambodia."
Kupinda Murima: Tuol Sleng inoratidzika rima rima rekushanyira muSouth Asia, asi harisi iro chete. Verenga pamusoro peimwe nzvimbo yakaita nzvimbo dzekushanyirwa munzvimbo iyi .
Chikoro, ipapo Musasa wekutambudza, ipapo Chirangaridzo cheChitatu
Tuol Sleng akave akachengetedzwa neKhmer Rouge uye musasa wekutambudza. Nhasi iyi musamuziyamu, chiyeuchidzo chakashata chemazuva mashoma ehurumende yeKhmer Rouge.
Yaiva kamwe Tuol Svay Prey High School , vasati vadzikidzirwa zvivako zvakasunungurwa pakuita basa ravo idzva muna 1975. Dambudziko racho rakanzizve Gungwa Rekuchengetedzwa 21 (S-21), tambo yakagadzirwa yakaiswa kune imwe nzvimbo, uye mahwindo akanga akavakwa nesimbi mbariro.
Izvo zvivako zvina zvikuru zveTuol Sleng zvinomira zvakakomba mabhizinesi mashomanana angangodaro aiva nzvimbo dzekutamba dzechikoro isati dzachinja.
Kuvaka A yaiva nzvimbo huru yekutambudzikira muTuol Sleng; iyo Khmer Rouge yakaita basa ravo rinotyisa pano kusvikira pamhedziso yekupedzisira, kuuraya vakapedzisira vashandurwa mberi kwekuuya kweVietnamen munaJanuary 1979.
Vokupedzisira 14 vakaurayiwa vakavigwa mune imwe nzvimbo kunze kweChipatara A; iwe uchasangana nemakuva aya asati auya.
Kuvaka B inenge yakabata masero kune vasungwa, uye ikozvino inogara ma macabre photo gallery yevasungwa avo vakave vachifotwa sezvavakabvumirwa kuimba. The Khmer Rouge yakachengeta zvinyorwa zvevasungwa; mifananidzo yavo inonyangadza inogona kuonekwa pano muhukuru, maziso avo ane shungu anotarisa kwamuri sekunge kukuzvidzai nekuda kwekurarama.
Kuvaka C yakashanda sevasungwa vakuru veTuol Sleng. Pasi yepasi yakagara masero mashoma, mumwe nomumwe akabata musungwa mumwe akasungirirwa pasi. Vakadzi vakanga vasungwa muimba yepiri. Pasi rechitatu raiva masero ejeri mazhinji, akabata mapoka makuru akasungirirwa kune yakareba iron iron.
Pakati pechivako ichi inomira "matanda" muchivanze, anoshandiswa neKhmer Rouge vatambudzi kuti varatidze rudzi runosuruvarisa rwekurwadzisa kwevasungwa.
Kuvaka D dzimba dzeCambodian dzakapedzisira dzichiitwa Vann Nath, dzakavezwa zvinyorwa zvinotyisa, zvakasikwa kubva pakutanga-kuyeuka kwehupenyu (sezvazvakaita) mukati meTuol Sleng. Vann Nath aiva mumwe wevanhu vashoma vaipukunyuka Tuol Sleng, avo vakachengetwa nokuda kwe "rubatsiro" rwavo. Verenga biography yake panzvimbo yekuyeuchidza iyo ine zita rake.
The Horrors of Tuol Sleng
"Tuol Sleng inotarisa mwoyo kune mamiriyoni eCambodians akatarisana nehurumende yeKhmer Rouge," anotsanangura kudaro Jennifer Ryder Joslin. "Zvinotyisa kuona izvo vanhu vanogona kuita kune mumwe kune zvinangwa, asi zvakakosha kuona kuti nhoroondo isingakanganwi kana kudzokororwa."
Kukwanisa kutaura, masikati paTuol Sleng ichakusiya iwe uchinzwa kwazvo, zvikuru, zvakasimba chaizvo.
Icho chinonyangadza chinoshamisa cheKhmer rouge chaive chichifunga nezvemashoko. Vakasungwa vakafuridzirwa uye vakabvunzurudzwa pamashoko avo ehupenyu vasati vasungwa kumasero avo. Ichi chisingatauri kukosha kwekuunganidza deta kunopiwa kumuenzi, mukamuri mushure mekamuri rakazara nemifananidzo yevarume vakaparadzwa, vakadzi, uye vana, maonero evasungwa vanosvika 20 000 vakapinda muTuol Sleng.
Tuol Sleng's Many Victims
Vakasungwa vakanga vakakomberedzwa neCambodian, kunyange zvazvo jeri rakaona mugove wayo weAmerica, British, uye Australia. Pfungwa dzakakanganiswa dzeKhmer Rouge zvaireva kuti chero ani zvake ane dzidzo, chero ani zvake akanga asiri kubva kumativi ose, kunyange chero munhu aipfeka magirazi aishushikana, uye anogona (uye kazhinji) akazopedzisira achishevedzera hupenyu hwavo muTuol Sleng.
Iwe uchaonawo imba yekutambudza, yakasara munenge mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana sezvaakawanikwa nevasviki veVietnamen vakagura Khmer Rouge kunze muna 1979. Zvigadzirwa zvekutambudza zviripowo, zvine tsanangudzo yakazara pamusoro pokuti yakashandiswa sei.
Mugumisiro wekupedzisira wezvigadzirwa izvi zvakare uri pedyo - mamiriro eedhenya ane veS-21 varombo vanotambura. (Chikwata cheTuol Sleng chakanakisa zvikuru, "mapepa ehenya" eCambodia mune 300-pamwe nemakumbo, yakabviswa muna 2002.)
Choeung Ek: the Killing Fields
Kushanya kune "minda yekuuraya" kunze kwePnom Penh kunopedza mufananidzo wakajeka. Choeung Ek inowanzobatanidzwa neTuol Sleng mumigwagwa yakawanda-iwe unogona kushanyira imwe nzvimbo usingaoni imwe, asi hainzwi zvakanaka kubva kunze kwekuti vazhinji VaTuol Sleng vakashandisa nguva yavo yekupedzisira.
Iyo "Killing Fields" yaiva yezvikamu zvezvikamu zvemamiriyoni eKhmer Rouge kana zvakadaro zvisingadiwi. Choeung Ek ndiyo yaiva nzvimbo yekupedzisira yehuwandu hwevasungwa veTuol Sleng; inenge mamiriyoni 9 000 miviri ichiri mumakuva akawanda mukati meKoeung Ek.
Bhuku reBuddhist ikozvino rakasarudzwa pamusoro peKoeung Ek, rakagadzirwa ne-acrylic-yakavakirwa nheyo yakazara nevanhu vanenge 5 000 skulls, masara evasungwa avo vakaurayiwa pano. Matutu akawanda anounza zviratidzo zvekuuraya - kuponesa nhovo, vashandi veCoeung Ek vakashandisa mapikicha kana kuti motokari axles kuti vaite avo vakaurayiwa.
Mazano eTuol Vashanyi Vanoshanyira
Kuenda kuTuol Sleng. S-21 iri muTuol Svay Prey sub-district, anenge makiromita ane gumi nemaodzanyemba kweguta guru rePnom Penh. (Nzvimbo paGoogle Maps)
"Tuol Sleng inogona kuwanika nyore nyore ne tuk tuk kana motokari," Ryder Joslin anotiudza. "Kunewo mabhazi anofambira ari kuenda kumusimamende, asi izvi hazvidiwi kana kutarisirwa sezvaunokwanisa kuenda iwe uye unobhadhara mutungamiri panzvimbo iyo iwe ungada." ( Verenga nezve tuk-tuks muCambodia .)
Nguva yekuenda. Funga nezveCambodia yekutsvaga kwemamiriro okunze kana uchigadzirira kuenda kuTuol Sleng. "Enda mangwanani-ngwanani kana kuti masikati kuti usapinda chikamu chinopisa chezuva sezvo pasina mhepo yakasviba ipapo," inopa zano reRyder Joslin.
Kutungamira pa Tuol Sleng ndezvokuzvisarudzira, asi kumurangariro wangu, zvakakwana zvakakosha. Tuol Sleng inenge isingakanganisi, uye iwe unoda mumwe munhu kuisa rufu nekurwadziwa mumamiriro ezvinhu. Guides inodhura imwe $ USD $ 6 pamusoro peD $ $ 2 muhodha yekupinda yeTuol Sleng. (Verenga nezvemari muCambodia.)
Tora zvishoma. "Tora nguva yako sezvaunofamba uchienda mumumyuziyamu kuti unzwe uchinetseka uye ucheme, chero chii chaunoda kuita," anoratidza Ryder Joslin. "Icho chiitiko chakanyanya, asi iwe unofara iwe waifanira kunzwisisa zviri nani Cambodia uye izvo vanhu nemhuri dzavo vagara varipo."
Tine chikwereti chikuru nekuda kwaJennifer Ryder Joslin nekuda kwezvaakakosha. Itai kuti ndive akasimba uye mushanyire iye yekufambisa bhajiji maviri Inogona Kufamba, kana kuongorora bhajiro re Facebook peji.