Zvose izvi chikamu cheLatin America, asi inorara pamakondinendi akasiyana
Dzimwe nguva vanhu havazivi kuti musiyano uripi pakati peSouth neCentral America-mune mamwe mazwi, nyika dzipi dziri munharaunda ipi. Ndiyo kukanganisa kwenharaunda yakawanda yekufunga nezvezvikamu zvose zviri muLatin America. Zvisinei, kuSouth neCentral America iri pane makondinendi akasiyana-siyana. Central America ndiyo chikamu cheNorth America, pamwe neCanada, United States, Mexico, uye nyika dzeCaribbean chitsuwa.
South America inyika yega yega. Kana uri kuronga rwendo rwekumaodzanyemba kwemuganhu, nyora mapepa zvakanyatsogadziriswa usati wagadzirira mararamiro ako.
Nhoroondo
Vanhu vemarudzi evanhu vakaita seMaya uye Olmec vakatonga chiitiko mu pre-Columbian Central America. Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi15, mushure mekunge "Christopher Columbus" akawana "zvitsva" zveCaribbean zvitsuwa, vaSpanish vakaronga nyika yose. Nzvimbo yavo yekutanga yaiva muPanama muna 1509, uye muna 1519 Pedro Arias deAvila akatanga kuongorora kuchamhembe kwePanama, kuCentral America. Herman Cortes akaenderera mberi nekoloni muma1520 uye akapararira uye akagara munharaunda yakaitirwa mazana emakore neMaya. VaSpain vakauya nechirwere, icho chakatadzisa huwandu hwevanhu vomunharaunda, uye vakaunzawo chiKaturike, chakatsiva chitendero chavo.
Shanduro yeSpain yakaguma munaSeptember 1821, uye iyo yakatevedzana kwenguva pfupi nehurumende yezvidziviriro zveCentral America yakafanirwa neUnited States.
Asi muna 1840, izvi zvakaparadzana, uye mumwe nomumwe akava rudzi rune simba. Nepo pave kune mamwe maitiro ekubatanidza nyika dzeCentral America, hapana chave chiri kubudirira zvachose, uye ose anoramba ari akaparadzana nenyika.
Nhoroondo yeSouth America yakafanana neyomuvakidzani wayo kune kuchamhembe. Ikoko, Inca yakatonga uye ikabudirira mberi kweSpanish isati yauya muna 1525 pafambiro kubva kuPanama inotungamirirwa naFrancisco Pizarro.
Sezvo kuCentral America, vagari vomunharaunda vakaparadzwa, Katurike yakava chitendero chepamutemo, uye veSpanish vakafuma pfuma yekondinendi. South America iri pasi pekutonga kweSpanish kwemakore anoda kusvika mazana matatu isati yasvika kuti motokari yekusununguka ikwanise kune iyo yose yezvikwata zveSpain South America muna 1821. Brazil yakave yakasununguka kubva kuPortugal muna 1822.
Geography
Central America, chikamu cheNorth America kondinendi, inenge 1 140-maire-yakareba isthmus inobatanidza Mexico neSouth America. Yakatarirwa kumabvazuva neCaribbean Sea uye kumavirira nePacific Ocean, isina nzvimbo kune makiromita 125 kubva kuCaribbean kana kuPacific. Nzvimbo dzakadzika matongo, mvura inonaya mvura inonaya mvura, uye nharaunda dziri pedyo nemiganhu, asi dzakawanda dzeCentral America dziri kuputika uye ine makomo. Iine zvipukisa izvo dzimwe nguva zvinoputika zvechisimba, uye nzvimbo yacho inonyanya kunetseka kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakasimba.
South America, kondinendi yechina huru pasi pose, inzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, nemakomo, makungwa, maasanas, uye mabhomba. Iine rwizi rukuru munyika yose (Amazon) uye nzvimbo inonyanyisa munyika yose (Atacama Jongwe). The Amazon Basin inosvika mamiriyoni 2.7 makiromita makiromita uye ndiyo yakakura mumvura.
Yakafukidzwa munzvimbo inonaya mvura inonaya mvura, apo Andes inosvika kumatenga uye inoita musana wekondinendi. South America inopera kumabvazuva neAtlantic Ocean, kumadokero nePacific, uye kuchamhembe neCaribbean Sea. IAtlantic nePacific inosangana kumaodzanyemba kwezasi kweSouth America.
Tsanangudzo
Central America inotanga bhiriji rayo kubva kuMexico kusvika kuSouth America muGuatemala neBelize uye ichibatanidza kuSouth America apo Panama inobata Colombia. Zvose zviri zveSpanish nhaka uye kutaura neSpain kunze kweBelize, iyo inotaura nyika yeChirungu.
South America, iyo inenge yakazara muSouth Hemisphere, ine nyika 12. Vakawanda vari kutaura neSpain neSpain nhaka. Brazil, iyo yakagadziriswa nevaPutukezi, inotaura chiPutukezi. Vanhu vemuGuyana vanotaura Chirungu, uye Dutch ndiyo mutauro unonyanya kushandiswa weSuriname.
French Guiana haisi nyika asi pane dhipatimendi rekumabvazuva kweFrance rine Creole vibe uye makiromita eAtlantic kugungwa.
Nzvimbo dzinowanikwa
Mamwe ematunhu akakwirira okushanyira muCentral America ndeTikal, Guatemala; Hummingbird Highway muBelize; Panama City; uye Monteverde uye Santa Elena, Costa Rica.
South America ine huwandu hwekushanyirwa kwevakatarira hukuru hunosanganisira Galapagos Islands; Rio de Janiero; Cusco naMachu Picchu, Peru; Buenos Aires; uye Cartagena uye Bogota, Colombia.
Nyika dziri muCentral America
Nyika minomwe dzinoita Central America, inotangira kubva kumucheto wekumaodzanyemba kweMexico kusvika kuchamhembe kweBrazil kuSouth America.
- Belize : Iyi nyika inotaura chiChirungu iri kumahombekombe eCaribbean inozivikanwa nemiganhu yayo yakawanda yeropa uye maManan matongo.
- Costa Rica : Inowanikwa pakati pePacific neCaribbean, Costa Rica inonyanya kukwira mabhishi ayo, makomo, uye miti inonzi rainforested.
- El Salvador : Nyika duku uye yakawanda kwazvo yeCentral America inotengesa kofi, inotora pupusa inonaka, uye inopfuura makomo makumi maviri, mamwe acho ari kushanda.
- Guatemala : Guta rekare reTikal, nzvimbo inonzi UNESCO World Heritage site, ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakawanda dzeMayan muCentral America uye dzinosanganisira zvitatu zvitatu, mapiramidhi, nezvimwe zvivako.
- Honduras : Mahombekombe eCoral muHonduras ndeyeMesoamerican Barrier Reef System, iyo yechipiri muhukuru chete kuAustralia Great Barrier Reef.
- Nicaragua : Nyika yakakura yeCentral America inogara kuGranada, guta rekare reSpain muCentral America.
- Panama : Nyika iyi inobatanidza Central neSouth America uye chinoshamisa chePanama Canal chinosangana neAlantic uye Pacific.
Nyika dziri kuSouth America
South America inotambanudza mamiriyoni mazana matanhatu emakiromita uye ine madunhu gumi nemaviri anotonga.
- Argentina : Argentina, nyika yechisere nyika yakakura, ndiko kwaunowana Makomo eAndes, mutambo we tango uye kutamba, uye guta rakanakisisa reBuenos Aires.
- Bolivia : Bolivia ine mvura inonzi Amazon rainforest, Andes Mountains, uye Lake Titicaca, iyo ine makiromita 12 536 ndiyo yakakwirira kupfuura yepasi pose.
- Brazil : Brazil ndiyo South uye Central Central America yenyika uye yechishanu yepasi rose. Imba yeRio de Janeiro inofadza Carnaval festival, Copacabana uye Ipanema mabheji, uye chifananidzo chaJesu Kristu paGomo Corcovado.
- Chili : MuChile, uchawana nzvimbo yakareba yePacific, uye Andes uye Chilean Coast Range makomo, Easter Island, mazambiringa makuru, uye Atacama Jongwe, nzvimbo inonyanyisa pasi pose.
- Colombia : Colombia, yakapoteredzwa neRwizi rwaAmazon, Gungwa reCaribbean, uye Pacific Ocean, ndiyo musha weNobel Prize-anonyora munyori Gabriel Garcia Marquez uye guta reMedellín, rinozivikanwa se "Guta reEternal Spring."
- Ecuador : Ecuador, iri kuEricator, ndipo paunosvika kuvakwa kwechiSpanish makoroni, masango eAmazon, Andes Mountains, uye mhuka zhinji dzesango dzeGalapagos Islands.
- Guyana : Guyana yeChirungu inotaura chiChirungu inosanganisira tsika yemadzinza neCaribbean uye yakafukidzwa nemvura inonaya. Guta rayo guru reGeorgetown rine maDutch echiKoroni uye maBritish akanaka.
- Paraguay : Paraguay, inowanzonzi "Moyo weSouth America," inowanikwa mumasvingo akachengeteka eJavait, nzvimbo yakakura uye isina vanhu vanogara muChaka, uye Iguacu Falls, iyo yakareba uye yakareba kaviri seNiagara Falls.
- Peru : Peru inonyanyozivikanwa nokuda kweMachu Picchu uye Incan Trail, asi inozivikanwawo neecviche, kudya kunonaka kwehove dzakasvibirira mune marinade yeiyo juice uye pepper pepper.
- Suriname : Yakambozivikanwa seDutch Guiana, Suriname ndiyo nyika duku kuduku yeSouth America uye musha kuSt. Peter naPaul Cathedral Basilica, chimwe chezvivako zvakakura zvikuru zvehuni munyika.
- Uruguay : Iri pedyo neAtlantic Ocean, Uruguay ine mabhishi akanaka, kusanganisira imwe yaunowana La Mano, mufananidzo wechanza chinobuda mujecha munzvimbo yakakurumbira yekushanya muguta rePunta del Este.
- Venezuela : Iri pedyo nemhenderekedzo yeCaribbean, Venezuela ine misha yepaki dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Canaima National Park, paunowona Angel Falls, iyo inenge mamita 3,208 yakakwirira ndiyo inopinda mvura yakareba kudarika nyika isinganzwisisiki.