Kune avo vanofarira archaeology uye palaeontology, kune zvakawanda kuTanzania pane zvinoshamisa zvekuchengetedza mitsara uye mabhiza akanaka. Iri pedyo nemugwagwa kubva kuNgorongoro Crater kusvika kuSerengeti National Park , Olduvai Gorge (inozivikanwa seAldupai Gorge) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nzvimbo yepa paleoanthropological pasi, nekuda kwekutsvaga kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvinoratidza kushanduka kwevanhu.
Vaya vanofamba nomunharaunda vanogona kusangana nerwendo kuenda kuAlduvai nekushanyira kune zvisingazivikanwi Shifting Sands, mhepo inopisa yemakomo yakawanda inofamba ichienda nechokugwenga nechiyero chemamita anenge 55/17 mamita gore negore.
Kukosha kwekare Karei
Mumakore ekuma1930, vanochera matongo Louis naMaria Leakey vakatanga mutsva wezvakawanda zvekuchera paAlduvai Gorge mushure mekutarisa hominid fossils yakafukidzwa ikoko makore akawanda kare nemuchengeti wezvokuchera matongo wechiGermany Hans Reck. Mumakore makumi mashanu anotevera, Leakeys akaita zvishamiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvakawanikwa zvakashandura kunzwisisa kwenyika kwatinobva, pakupedzisira zvichikonzera kugumisa kuti rudzi rwevanhu runotangira kuAfrica chete. Pakati pezvinonyanya kukosha zvezviwanikwa izvi ndeyeNutcracker Man, zita rakapiwa masara eParanthropus boisei murume anofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 1.75 emakore.
MaRakeake akawanawo uchapupu hwekutanga hwezvinyorwa zvehumwe huminid yemarudzi, Homo habilis ; pamwe chete nefuma yezvipfuwo zvemafuro uye zvigadzirwa zvekutanga zvevanhu.
Muna 1976, Mary Leakey akawanawo ruzhinji rwezvakachengetedzwa zvinodzivirira paLaetoli, nzvimbo yakasvika makiromita makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemasere kumaodzanyemba kwemhepo. Aya maziso, akachengetedzwa mumadota uye akatenda kuti aiva ababa vedu Australopithecus afarensis , anoratidza kuti hominid yemarudzi yakafamba pamakumbo maviri panguva yePliocene, anenge mamiriyoni 3.7 akapfuura.
Panguva yekutsvaga, uyu waiva muenzaniso wekutanga we hominid bi-pedalism.
Kushanyira Oldvai Gorge
Nhasi, nzvimbo dzekuchera dzeLeakeys dzichiri kushanda, uye vanochera matongo vanobva kumativi ose enyika vanoramba vachienda kune zvimwe zvakavanzika zvakatipoteredza isu pachedu. Vashanyi veAlduvai vanogona kuona nzvimbo idzi dzekuchera ivo pachavo pasi pekutungamirirwa kwevatungamiri vehurumende. Pamusoro pemvura, kune musamu, yakawanikwa muma1970 naMaria Leakey uye yakagadziriswa muma1991 neboka kubva kuGytyty Museum. Kunyange zvazvo zviduku, musamuziyamu asi zvisinei, uye makamuri akawanda akatsaurirwa kutsanangura nzvimbo yepaleoanthropological inowanikwa.
Pano, iwe uchawana mutsara we hominid uye futile fosil, pamwe chete nemashandisi ekare ikozvino anonzi Oldowan (izwi rinoshandura se "kubva kuAlduvai Gorge"). Zvishandiso izvi zvinomiririra dombo rekare rekushandisa dombo mumadzitateguru edu. Kuti uchengetedze zvisikwa, zvizhinji zvezvinyorwa zvinoratidzwa zviripo, kusanganisira izvo zvepakutanga zvitsvuku zvinonzi hominid. Pfungwa dzechiratidziro dzinosanganisira huru yakakura yeLaetoli Footprints, pamwe chete nemifananidzo yakawanda yemhuri yeLeakey inoshandiswa pane nzvimbo dzokutanga dzokuchera.
Olduvai Gorge ikozvino inonzi inonzi Oldupai Gorge, iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yakakodzera spelling yezwi reMaasai kune chimiro chemasango chemasango.
Kushanyira Shifting Sands
Vaya vanoda kutora zuva rayo vanofanira kufungidzira kuchamhembe kweAlduvai Gorge kusvika kuShifting Sands. Pano, dune yakafanana nemhepo yakasvibirira yakasvibirira mubani iri pachiyero chemakiromita 55/17 mamita negore pasi pesimba remhepo inonzi unidirectional. VaMaasai vanotenda kuti madota acho aibva kumakomo eOl Doinyo Lengai, nzvimbo tsvene iyo zita rake rinoshandura muchiChirungu seGomo raMwari. Pazuva rakajeka, iri gomo rinoshamisa rakafanana nemakomo rinogona kuonekwa ari kure neAlduvai Gorge.
Pakuzosvika kubani, guru remhepo rakagadzikana, rinounganidza pedo nedombo rimwechete ndokubva rawedzera kuti rive dune rinotaridzika rinowirirana nhasi.
Ijecha rakapfuma mune simbi uye rine magnetized, zvokuti rinonamatira pachayo apo rakakandwa mumhepo - chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti tifunge mitambo. Iyo dune inogona kuva yakaoma kuwana nekuda kwehupenyu hwayo, uye kazhinji rwendo rwokuenda ikoko runosanganisira teknolojia yekutyaira mumigwagwa. Somugumisiro, zvinokurudzirwa kufamba nemutungamiri wemunharaunda uye / kana mutyairi. Panzira, usakanganwa kuchengeta ziso kunze kwekutamba-mhanya.