Mhuka dzeMhasango, Zviratidzo zveWestern, Kicking Up Kurwisana
Nyaya ino inotarisa pamusoro pemabhiza emusango kumavirira, kunyanya muNevada. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ndekuwedzera kuwedzera kwevanhu vemhuka idzi uye chii chinofanira kuitwa kuchengetedza mabhiza ane utano uye nzvimbo dzomunharaunda dzavanofamba nadzo. Mitemo nemitemo yekutarisana namabhiza emusango zvinotsanangurwa muThe Wild Free-Roaming Horses uye Burros Act ya1919 (uye zviitiko zvakagadziriswa muna 1976, 1978, uye 2004).
Sangano guru rezvematongerwo enyika rinosangana nemabhiza emusango uye burros pamunharaunda yevanhu ndeye Bureau of Land Management (BLM), ruoko rweDhipatimendi reIndaneti yeUnited States. Iyo BLM State Office yeNevada iri pa 1340 Financial Blvd, Reno NV 89502. Maawa ehofisi ari 7:30 am kusvika 4:30 pm, Muvhuro kusvika Chishanu. Iyo nhamba yefoni yekuziva ndiyo (775) 861-6400. Zvimwe zvemashoko ezvenyaya iyi zvakapiwa naSusie Stokke, Chirongwa cheWorld & Burro Chirongwa che BLM Nevada, Resources Division.
Too Many Many Horse Horses
Iyi iyi nyaya yakaoma uye ine zvizhinji zvezvikamu zvinofambisa uye zvinokwikwidzana. Iyo BLM inotarisirwa kuti itarisire mabhiza uye mararamiro sezvinorayirwa nemutemo we191 uye zvigadziriswa. Muchidimbu, izvo zvinoreva kuchengetedza nhamba yemabhiza akaenzana nekukwikwidza kushandiswa kwakadai sezvipfuwo zvekudya kuitira kuti hutano hwemabhiza nehuwandu husati hukanganisa. Maererano neB BLM, kune mabhiza akawanda kwazvo kunze uko uye zvinhu zvisingachaperi.
A BLM Factsheet yakabudiswa naJuni 30, 2008 inotaura kuti kune 33 000 mabhiza emhasango uye mabhasi (29,500 mabhiza, 3,500 burros) munyika inotungamirirwa neBMM muWestern States. Nevada iri kumba kwehafu yezvikara izvi. BLM yakatora 27,300 sehuwandu hwemabhiza nehurros dzinogona kurarama munyika dzayo dzakachengetedzwa zvakaringana nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa panguva imwechete (kufudza, mhuka dzesango, minda, zororo, etc.).
Iyi nhamba inonzi yakakodzera yehutano hwepamusoro (AML). Munyika yose, kune mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu emhuka dzakawanda zvakare dzakasununguka pamwero. Stokke vakati AML muNevada ndeye 13 099, nehuwandu hwevanhu 23% pamusoro paiyo pa16 143 (yeFebruary, 2008).
BLM inopa mhuka dzakadzingwa dzakabviswa kubva pamiganhu muzvikamu zviviri zvenguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu. Kune vanopfuura 30 000 mabhiza uye burros zviri kuwanikwa uye kutarisirwa munzvimbo dzakawanda, kusanganisira Palomino Valley National Adoption Center kuchamhembe kweSparks, Nevada. Mugore regore ra2007, BLM yakashandisa $ 21.9 mamiriyoni emadhora makumi matatu nemadhora makumi mana nemadhora makumi mana emadhora emabhiza ehurumende uye bharobha bhajeti nekuchengetedza mhuka pane zvivako izvi. Zviyero zvakapiwa muzvino zvichingobva kuwanikwa BLM Factsheet mari yekufungidzira ichapeta kusvika ku $ 77 mamiriyoni ne 2012 kana maitiro ehutungamiri aripo ari kuitwa. Sezvo mari yakadaro isingakwanisi kugadzirisa, BLM inofanira kuita zvisarudzo zvakaoma, pasina imwe nzira inonakidza kana inonakidza.
Kuvhota Kwemabhiza Emhuka Kusiya
Kupa mabhiza uye burros pakugamuchirwa ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekufambisa mhuka dzakanyanyisa kubva pamiganhu uye kupinda mune zvekunze. Kunyange zvazvo chirongwa chekubvumira BLM chichiri kukura, nhamba haisisiri kushanda.
Muna 2007, mhuka 7 726 dzakapoteredzwa uye 4 772 vakagamuchirwa. Tichifunga nezvemabhiza emasango uye mabhasiro anogona kudarika boka rezvipfuwo zvavo makore ose mana, uye havana zvikara zvinokonzerwa kunze kwezvikomo zvezvikomo mune zvishoma nzvimbo dzakapararira dzakapoteredza Nevada, hazvina kuoma kuona kuti nhamba idzi dzichawedzerwa sei kunze kwekunge chimwe chinhu chiri zvakaitwa.
Stokke akati kutora kwave kuri kuramba kwemakore, uye makore maviri apfuura achidzika pasi pakuwedzerwa kwekuwedzera. Kusvika ikozvino muna 2008, chiyero hafu hafu yechinangwa chinodiwa kuti ibudirire AML ichienzaniswa neBLM. Akataura izvozvo, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda zvakadai sekushandura mazita evanhu uye kuwedzera mari, izvo zvinoda zvisiri izvo.
Kuchinja Maererano Nevanhu, Kukwidzwa Kwekuwedzera
Kuchengeta mabhiza hakusi nyore. Maererano neStokke, matani matanhatu ehusi bhiza inoda gore rimwe nerimwe inodhura $ 900 muna 2007.
Muna 2008, ichava $ 1920. Wedzera mune zvimwe zvinoshandiswa sekudya zviyo, vet bills, kutasva tori, motokari uye trailer, mafuro uye gorosi, kubheta (kana iwe usingagari munyika), uye iwe une mhuka ine simba inodhura. Mutengo chete unodzivirira vanhu vazhinji kubva pakugadzirisa, uye kune vamwe havasi vanhu vakawanda vanofarira kunyange sekunge makore mashomanana apfuura. Sezvo sangano rinova urbanizedhe, nhamba yevanhu vane mabhiza sechikamu chetsika yavo inopera. Kuguta kwemuguta kunowedzerawo nzvimbo dzakapoteredza mipande yemaguta umo nzvimbo yakazaruka, mafuro, uye mapurazi akambovapo. Ikoko haisi nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemabhiza.
BLM inofanidza kuenzanisa nekugadzirisa uye nzvimbo idzi dzinenge dziine tsika yakakura yebhiza. Nevada ndechimwe chazvo, asi guta rakasvibiswa rakashata, uye hakuna vanhu vakawanda pano. Zvimwe zvinosanganisira Texas, Wyoming, California, uye Wisconsin.
Chimwe chiitiko Stokke chakarondedzera ndechekuderera kwekambani yemabhiza. Apo nguva dzinenge dzakaoma, vanhu vakawanda vanochengeta mabhiza, pasinei nemasango emusango kana kwete, vanogona kunge vasisakwanisi kuita zvakadaro. PaPalomino Valley inosvika kuchamhembe kweStarks, akati mabhirii mapfumbamwe akadzorerwa gore rino, uye vanhu vachitsanangurira matambudziko emari kuti nei vasingagoni kuchengetedza mhuka.
Zvichida Wild Horse Solutions
"Pakupedzisira, tinoda mamiriyoni 33 000 akanaka kana tikasagona kuakwanisa, isu tinongova nemasarudzo mashomanana." Izvozvo zvikukutu zvisarudzo, "akadaro Stokke, achitaura nezvemabhiza akanga atova mune zvivako.
Imwe nzira ndeyekumisa kusangana nemabhiza kubva pamhenderekedzo, nokudaro nekugadzirisa kuunganidzwa kwemhuka mune zvivako zvakachengetedza uye mutengo unokwira wekuachengeta ipapo. Mutevedzeri weMDC Mutevedzeri Henri Bisson, mune imwe nyaya ichangobva kuitika muReno Gazette-Journal, vakati kumira kumativi ose kunokonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya kumativi edzimba uye nzara yemabhiza mazhinji.
"Kwandiri, chinhu chinonyanyisa kuve chakanga chiri chokuona mhuka idzi dzichitambudzika uye dzikafa zvishoma nezvishoma." Ndiyo rufu rwoutsinye, "akadaro Stokke. Icho chizoputsawo gwaro iri riri mumutemo we191 unoda BLM kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza mabhiza ane utano panyika yakanaka. Kubatanidzwa kwekutora uye euthanasia chimwe chinhu chinoda kuonekwa, Bisson akati ku Associated Press, nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi zvebhajeti uye kudiwa kwekuteerera mutemo.
BLM inenge iine simba rekusimudzira mabhiza emusango uye burros. Maererano neB BLM Factsheet, 1978 kugadziriswa kwemurairo wekutanga "inogonesa BLM kuti iwedzere mahara emabhiza ezvomusango uye mabhiriro ayo kushandiswa kwekugadziriswa kwevanhu vakagadzirirwa hakuna."
Kubva muna 2004, BLM yave ichichitengesa mabhiza uye burros izvo zvinenge makore gumi nemakore kana kuti zvakapfuudzwa nekugamuchirwa kanenge katatu. Simba rokuita izvi rakagadziriswa mukugadziriswa kumutemo wepakutanga.
Kusvika ikozvino, kutengesa kwave kuri kune vatengi vachigadzirira kupa nguva refu, asi kune urongwa hwokutengesa "pasina kurerutsa," kureva kuti mhuka dzaigona kuiswa kune chero ipi zvayo inoshandiswa mutemo kamwe chete kana zita rinopfuurira kubva ku BLM kumunhu wega.
Iro sarudzo yekuenderera mberi nebhizimisi sechinyakare kunewo. Kana ikozvino kubvumirwa, kubviswa, uye kubata mitemo inopfuurirwa, inofungidzirwa kuti mari inosvika $ 77 mamiriyoni ne 2012.
Izvo zvakagadzirirwa muna 2008 zvatove zvishoma kudarika izvi muna 2007 ne $ 1.8 mamiriyoni, naizvozvo hazvioneki kuti kune zvakakwana zvezvematongerwe enyika zvekuenderera mberi purogiramu sezvazviri ikozvino.
Maererano naStokke, pane ikozvino hapana kubatsira kwekugadzirisa sarudzo yemabhiza emusango. Chii chinenge chiripo chinenge 90% chinoshanda chegore rokutanga, kana chichishandiswa panguva yakakodzera yegore. Mhando yemabhiza emabhiza anotenderera mumatunhu makuru eNevada anoita izvi zvigadziriswe. Zvisinei, BLM iri kushanda purojekiti yekutsvakurudza neAmerican Humane Society kuti ikure mutambi wekudzivirira kuberekwa izvo zvose zvakakosha zvikuru uye zvinoshandisa nguva yakareba yemakore akawanda.
Kukosha-Kwakawedzerwa Mabhiza Emhuka
BLM inotsigira mapurogiramu akagadzirirwa kuwedzera kukosha kwemabhiza emusango kune vanogona kutora. Mukubatana neDo Mustang Heritage Foundation, BLM inobatsira kutsigira maitiro emabhiza emusango kuitira kuti iwedzere kunakidza sekugadziriswa kwevashandi kune avo vatsva kubva pamakumbo.
BLM inoshandawo pamwe nedzimwe nyika kururamisa dhipatimendi. MuNevada, musungwa akadzidziswa mabhiza emhuka anowanikwa kuti agamuchirwe kuburikidza nedhipatimendi reNevada ye Corrections, Gungwa Redzimhosva Rekugadziriswa muKoton City. Penguva dzakasiyana-siyana, kutengeswa kwevanhu vari pamabhiza akadzidziswa kunobatwawo.
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, tapota fona (775) 861-6469.
Vakuru veCongress vanoda Kuziva Zvimwe
Nick Rahall, Sachigaro weDare reMitambo yeMafashamo, uye Raul Grijalva, Sachigaro weChini-Komiti yeNational Parks, Masango neMasangano Evanhu, vakanyora Bisson tsamba yepamutemo, yaJuly 9, 2008, vachitaura zvavanetseka pamusoro pezvinoitika ne BLM nekuremekedza kushandura ikozvino bhiza yemhuka uye burro maitiro nemaitiro. Vane mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro pokuti sei uye sei nei BLM inowanikwa mumamiriro ekufanirwa kuongorora euthanasia yemabhiza emusango uye burros. Vari kukumbira kuti BLM isatorazve chimwe chinhu kusvikira Gwaro Rezvemhosva yeGavhuna (GAO) richitaura pamusoro pekutungamirirwa kwepurogiramu yenguva yebhiza uye burro inogamuchirwa uye inongororwa neCongress, BLM, uye National Wild Horse uye Burro Advisory Board.
Mharidzo yacho inofanira kuitwa munaSeptember, 2008.
Tumira Maonero Ako paBloM Wild Horse uye Burro Program
Panguva ino, BLM iri kutsvaga zvese zvinoshandiswa zviri pamutemo zvekutarisira chikara chebhiza uye burro vanhu. Kana iwe uchida kupa mhinduro uye ruzivo senhengo yevanhu, webhusaiti yeBLM ine fomu iri paIndaneti yekuendesa maonero.
Wild Horse uye Burro Mashoko kubva ku BLM
- Mhuka Dzisingasunungurwi-Dzakatasva Mabhiza uye Burros Act muna 1971
- BLM National Wild Horse uye Burro Information Center
- BLM Nevada Wild Horse & Burro Program
- BLM National Wild Horse & Burro Program
- National Wild Horse & Burro Advisory Board
Kugamuchira Horse Horse kana Burro
- Kugamuchira Horse Horse kana Burro muNevada
- Wild Horse & Burro Internet Adoption Program
- Wild Horse uye Burro Program Program
Private Wild Horse Advocacy Groups
Private wild horse advocacy groups vanopa maonero akasiyana-siyana pamasikati emabhiza emusango. Zvirongwa zviri kutenderera zvinosanganisira kunyatsokwanisa kuberekwa, kuisa zvakanyanya mukusimudzira mabhiza emusango semakwikwi ekushanyirwa, uye kupa hupfumi hwemitero kune vanhu vakawanda vanogara vachida kuchengetedza nguva refu uye kuchengetedza mhuka kubva panzvimbo.
- Mustang Heritage Foundation
- Wild Horse Preservation League
- Regai 'Em Run Foundation
- American Wild Horse Kuchengetedzwa Mushandirapamwe
- Lifesavers Wild Horse Rescue
- Kuchengetedza Mafambiro eAmerica
Sources:
- Kubvunzurudza musi wa7/10/08 naSusie Stokke, Hora yeHori yeHurry neBurro Inotungamirira BLM Nevada, Resources Division.
- Factsheet: Matambudziko Anotarisana neBMM muHurumende yeHarare neBurros, Gumiguru 30, 2008, Bhizimisi reHurumende, VePublic Affairs Office, Washington, DC Kubatana: Tom Gorey (202) 452-5137.
- Reno Gazette Journal, 7/1/08, 7/7/08.
Kuzarurirwa kwakakwana: Ini ndiri muzvipiri pamwe neBlue Nevada State Office, kunyanya inobatanidzwa nebasa rekufota.