Kutanga kweGuta uye Zviitiko Zvinokosha
Paris yakange iine guta guru rinokura uye nzvimbo yepamusoro yekuchenjera uye kubudirira kwemazana emakore. Midzi yeguta racho inosvika kuzana remakore rechitatu BC, uye tsika dzetsika dzakasiyana siyana seCelt, Roma, Scandinavia, uye Chirungu zvakagadzirwa muhupfumi hweguta racho. Iyo nhoroondo yakareba kwazvo uye yakaoma kuti iite muchidimbu, asi heino nhoroondo pfupi yezviitiko zvinokosha uye chokwadi.
Mazuva anokosha muParis History:
- Muzana remakore rechitatu BC: Nharaunda dzakapoteredza L'Ile de la Cité uye dzakasviba mabhandi eSeine River inogadziriswa nedzinza revaCelt fisher, iro Parisii . Nzvimbo iyi inonzi Lutetia .
- 52 BC: Umambo hweRoma pasi paJulius Caesar hunobata guta, iro rinova chikamu chemaRoma anozivikanwa seGaul.
- Munenge muna 250 AD: Lutetia ichristi. Machechi okutanga akavakwa.
- Mazana emakore echina-9: Frankish uye Norman. Clovis I anoshuma umambo hweGaul uye anonzi Lutetia Paris.
- 1163: Kuvakwa kweKathedral Notre Notre Dame kunotanga. Zvinotora anenge mazana maviri emakore uye mazana evashandi kuti apedzise iyi inoyevedza yekugadzira matanho ekutanga.
- Muzana remakore rechi12 neregumi nematanhatu: Mamwe matombo anokosha uye nzvimbo dzinovakwa, kusanganisira kereke yaSerbonne uye Sainte-Chapelle . Inzvimbo ( Marais ) iri pamhenderekedzo yakarurama yeSeine yakasvibiswa uye guta rinowedzera kuchamhembe kweSeine. Munenge muna 1200, kuvaka nhare iyo inosanganisira Louvre inotanga, yakapoteredza guta rekumavirira.
- Kwapera kwezana remakore rechi14: Inenge hafu yevanhu veParis 'inoparadzwa nedenda, iyo inozivikanwawo seBlack Death, ichikurumidza kumadokero kweEurope Europe. Zvinoshamisa, denda racho raizotungamirira kukushowa kwebasa raibatsira varimi, uye pakupedzisira kugadzirwa kwebourgeoisie, kana mercantile kirasi.
- 1449: Joan weAcc nemaFrance mauto akakunda Chingerezi kuOrléans, chinopedza anenge makore gumi Norman English achitonga pamusoro peFrance. Nhamba dzeChirungu dzinozoendeswa kuFrance kubva munaFrance muna 1453.
- Zuva rezana remakore rechi15: Rakabatanidzwa (kureva, "kuberekwa patsva") rinotanga kuParis, richiita kuti guta rive nzvimbo inobudirira yeunyanzvi, sayenzi, uye mapurani. Kufambira mberi kwetakemikari kunotungamirira kuguta redu.
- Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi16: Kurwisana kunopisa kwechitendero pakati pevaProtestant neKaturike kunotungamirira kuSt. Bartholomew Day Day kuuraya. Kunopfuura 3000 Maprotestanti Huguenots anoparara mukuurayiwa.
- 1643: Pazera remakore mashanu, Louis XIV, anonziwo Sun King, anova mambo weFrance. Kutonga kwake kunotanga nguva yekubudirira kukuru-kusataura kutaurwa. Mambo anovaka Versailles muna 1623, achibva abuda pakati penhare kubva paPalais Royal pakati nepakati peParis kuenda kumaruwa.
- 1774: Louis XVI anokwira kuchigaro. Anozivikanwa nezvematongerwe enyika uye zvemagariro evanhu uye kugadziriswa kwake kwekuda kuziva nemakoko uye maawa, iye akaroora kuna Marie Antoinette, mwanasikana wechidiki wemudzimai ane simba weAustria Maria Theresa.
- Gunyana 14, 1789: Jeri reBastille muParis rinoputika uye rakapiswa kuva dongo, richiratidza kutanga kweFrance Revolution. Louis XVI naMaria Marie Antoinette vanopomerwa zvakanyanya nehuwandu hwekutadza uye kusava nehanya nematambudziko evanhu.
- 1792: Kuwa kwemadzimambo uye kuziviswa kwekutanga nyika yeFrance. Muna 1793, Louis XVI naMaria Marie Antoinette vakagadziriswa.
- 1793-1799: Kubudirira "kutonga kwekutya" kunotungamirira kuzviuru zvezviurairo uye mhirizhonga yakawanda, uye Paris ndiyo iri pakati payo. Chitendero chinorambidzwa uye kendende itsva inotangwa.
- 1799: Mukuru wezvematongerwe enyika anonzi Napoleon Bonaparte anosimbisa hurumende isingateereri. Anova Mambo muna 1804. Kutonga kwake kunoisa hiatus mukurwisana kweFrance kuenda kuRiphabliki-izvi zvinofananidzirwa naNapoleon kuenda kune chigaro chechigaro chechigaro chetongi kuVersailles. Kuravira kwaMambo we simba uye kukunda kunotungamirira kumakoroni emakungwa makuru eNorth Africa. Akakundwa kuWallloo muna 1815.
- Pakati pezana remakore rechi19: I Paris inoramba ichinyatsooneka nhasi inovakwa naBaron Haussmann, vachitungamirirwa naMambo Napoleon III. Wide boulevards uye gadziriro yegadziriro yemvura yakasvibisa nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakatetepa, dzakamanikidzika dzemakore ekumavirira uye munguva dzeRenza-nguva dzeguta racho.
- 1870: Kutevera hondo yakaipisisa nevaPrussia, Republic rechitatu rinoparidzirwa, richiratidza kutanga kwemasangano ehurumende muFrance. IE Belle Epoque inotanga, imwe nguva inobatsira uye yezvemagariro muchechi muParis. Art new maitiro uye maitiro ekugadzira semafungiro ekufungidzira anotora nyika nemhepo.
- 1920 na1930: Paris ndiyo imwe yenyika inonyanya kukoshesa kutsvaga mune zvekudhiro uye mabhuku. Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, uye "Chizvarwa Chakarasika" vanyori vanotaura Chirungu saErnest Hemingway, James Joyce, James Baldwin, Gertrude Stein, naEzira Pound vanoita Paris imba yavo.
- 1940: Nazi Germany inopinda muParis nemakwikwi kuMatps-Elysées . Basa remakore mana rinotanga. Gavhuna Charles de Gaulle anotizira kuLondon uye anotungamirira musangano wokumanikidza kubva kune imwe nyika, kutumira mharidzo kunopesana neBritain redhiyo.
- 1942: Hurumende inobatanidza hurumende yeParis inobatsira kuronga kutapwa kwevaFrance vechiJudha kumisasa yevasungwa yeNazi, kutanga kuungana paVelodrome d'Hiver pedyo neEiffel Tower .
- 1944: Paris inosunungurwa neAllied forces. Guta racho rinopukunyuka kuparadzwa nevaNazi apo mukuru mukuru anoramba kuteerera mitemo yaHitler.