Nzira yekuona sei Unicorn Tapestries muNew York, Paris neScotland

Kusvitsa makore mazana mashanu emakore ekugadzira nhoroondo yakavanzika

Sezvo pasina kupona makore mazana mashanu ehondo uye kuchinja, Unicorn Tapestries iko zvino yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka pamadziro eThe Met Cloisters , iyo yekare yebazi reMetropolitan Museum of Art muNew York. Vanosvibisa muoni mune imwe nyika yepakati pekare senyaya yekuvhima kweunicorn inobudisa nzvimbo-nechiitiko, mumifananidzo yakakonzerwa yakagadzirirwa kuti ifukidze zvachose masvingo eimba yeRenissance. Zviratidzo zvinoratidza vatsva vachidzingirira nyoni kudarika minda nemasango kuitira kuti vangave vane magicheni, nyanzvi yekuchenesa.

Chinyanyozivikanwa kana chinonzwisiswa pamusoro peTapestries. Pfungwa dzakawanda, asi hapana kukoka, tsanangudzo kana kuti kubvuma kunowanikwa kubva pane zvaive zvichiita mushonga wegore rose unoitwa nevevanhu vakawanda vevanyori vari munyika mbiri. Iyo yakagadzirirwa kuMet Cloisters iyo inonzi " The Hunting for the Unicorn " inoshamisa zvikuru.

PaMusée Cluny muParis , kune rimwe rakasiyana-siyana rezvinyorwa zvinonzi Unicorn Tapestries, asi zvinonyanya kutaurwa zita rokuti, " The Lady uye Unicorn ." Izvi zvinofungidzirwa kuti dzakagadzirwa muma1480, uyewo muruvanze rweFrance, asi chaizvoizvo, hapana anoziva zvavari kureva kana kuti kwaaimbove aonekwa, chete kuti jasi remaoko aJean le Viste, mutungamiri mukuru akabatanidzwa.

"Mukadzi uye Unicorn" vakagadzwa vaizivikanwa sekutanga kwezana remakore rechi18, asi hazvina kuitwa kusvikira munyori Prosper Mérimée achivaona muna 1841 uye akataura nezvekuregerera kwavo. Ipapo munyori George Sand akazviziva uye muna 1847 akanyora nyaya pamusoro pavo, yakaratidzwa nemifananidzo yakaitwa nomwanakomana wake. Kaviri zvakare akabudisa zvikamu pamusoro pe "The Lady and the Unicorn," kusvikira Komisheni yeMunuments Historiques yakavatenga muna 1882 kuti vatarise muMusée des Thermes.

Tsanangudzo yemifananidzo yemukadzi, musikana, imbwa, monkey uye nyuchi yakawanda, asi kufanana neUnicorn Tapestries paCloisters, hapana nyanzvi imwe chete inogamuchirwa. Vamwe vanhu vanoti ivo vanotaura nezvemashoko mashanu. Vamwe vanoti vakasika mhepo yemunda wakakomberedzwa wakanamatira pamadziro eimba yeimba yeimba. Asi ndiani? Iyo inoverengeka inoti "The Lady and the Unicorn" naTracy Chevalier ndeyekufungidzira kwenhema kwechakavanzika.

Sezvo apedza makore anoda kusvika gumi nematatu achidzidza nekunyora pamusoro pe "The Hunt for the Unicorn" Zvipfeko, ndinovimba kuti uchafara nekuputsika uku kwezvinhu zvakavanzika izvo zvinoita izvi zvinoshamisa ma tapestries kunyanya kuwedzerwa.

• 01 ye 09

  IUnicorn Tapestries yakaitwa makapoteredza 1500. Zvichida.

  Zuva iro rakagoverwa kugadziriswa kweUnicorn Tapestries rakabva pane fashoni. Chine shangu yepamusoro chechitsuwa chakanyatsojeka, chakapfekwa nevakawanda vevavhimi vanoratidzwa muUnicorn Tapestries yaive yakajeka muFrance pakati pe1495 na 1505.

  Hapana anoziva kuti ndiani akaita mapurisa, kupi kana kuti nei akaitwa. Hapana mifananidzo yekugadzirira, zvinyorwa kana mabhuku akanyorwa pamusoro penzvimbo iyo vangadai vakaratidzwa. Iyo cartoon (mapeji okugadzirira kune vanocheka) haasisipo. Hapana chakasara kubva kune izvo zvinofanira kunge zvakange zviri mutsara wakareba pakati pomubatsiri, muchengeti wechepi uyo aizorongedza hutungamiri, uye semusangano iyo pakupedzisira yakabereka. Hapana .

  Asi pano ndicho chinhu; Zvipfeko zvakange zviri zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro, zvinodhura zvikuru zvaungave nazvo munguva yeMiddle Ages. Mazuva ano, musamuziyamu ane mabhuku anowanzovaratidza zvakasiyana kubva pakuveza uye kuveza, achivaisa kune mamwe mavhesi maviri akazvipira ku "Decorative Arts." Iri haisi ruramisiro yehuwandu hwekushanda uye basa rakapinda muma tapestries, rega kusava nemamiriro avo yakabatwa uye yakatumirwa.

• 02 of 09

  The Unicorn Tapestries dzakabiwa munguva yeFrance Revolution

  Muna 1793, varimi vaipandukira muRussia Revolution vakaputsa masuo eimba yeRochefoucauld kuVerueuil kubata mhuri yeFrench yakaisvonaka yehupfumi hwavo hwakanaka. Nhare yekuchamhembe yakarongedzwa mumugwagwa wavo wekuswedera kuparadzwa zvachose. Panzvimbo pokusiya maTapestries kuti apise, vashandi vakaba. Iko sirivha negoridhe zvinonzi tsvina yakagadzirwa kazhinji zvinowanzobviswa kubva pamapepa akafanana nekuisa moto. Nokuti tsika iyi yaive yakajairika, Unicorn Tapestries dzaifungidzirwa kuti dzaenda.

  Asi makore makumi matanhatu gare gare, imwe nhengo yemhuri yaRochefoucauld yakanga ichiedza kuunganidza zvakare pfuma yakabiwa munguva yeRevolution. (Mhemberero yemhuri yakati iyo yakarashika yakagadzirirwa ichiti yakasungwa nokuda kwekuroorwa kwaFrancois VI Rochefoucauld uye Marie du Barbizon.)

  Tsvakurudzo yakatungamirira kugare apo mukadzi akarondedzera "machira akare" murume wake akanga akachengetwa muarera. Ikoko akawana iyo Unicorn Tapestries inoshumira sehombodo yakabvamburwa, yakasvibiswa, asi yakawanda yakasimba, ichivhara mabhesi emidzi. Zvakanga zvakapararira zvakapoteredza kumativi uye zvizere nemakomba, asi zvisinei zvakanyanya kuitika.

• 03 of 09

  Ko Unicorn Tapestries yakaguma sei muNew York City?

  Muna 1925, Unicorn Tapestries yakabva kuFrance kwenguva yekutanga yekuratidzwa kwemafirimu muManhattan. Nyanzvi yehupenyu uye nyanzvi John D. Rockefeller, Jr, akavaona uye aida kuva navo kunyange zvazvo vakanga vasina kutengeswa.

  Nenzira yakanaka, muchengeti wezvigadzirwa nemifananidzo uye George Grey Barnard, uyo akaunganidza mhemberero yeMet Cloisters yanhasi, akapindira kuti ataure. Sezvo akashanda sechitsva kuAmerica vaiva varairi vezvigadzirwa zvakanakisisa, aiziva kuti mhuri yeRuchfoucald yaida kugara nefashoni yemamwe mhuri dzakanaka dzeFrench uye kuvaka gorofu duku padzimba dzavo. Kutengeswa kwakaputswa uye Unicorn Tapestries yakasiya France kuti iwane zvakanaka.

  Pakutanga vakaratidzwa mumba maRockefeller pa 54th Street. David Rockefeller anorondedzera kugovera rwendo rweUnicorn Tapestries kune vashanyi pamuchato wehanzvadzi yake paaiva nemakore masere chete.

  Apo Met Cloisters iyo Rockefeller yaibhadhara mari yakanga iri kukurudzirwa, muchengeti James Rorimer (uyo waungada kuziva saMat Damon unhu mu "The Monuments Men") akaisa kadhi kadiki pamufananidzo wemifananidzo yaiti "Unicorn Tapestries." Rockefeller akazogutsikana kuti avape kumusuo wekumusasa sechipo.

• 04 of 09

  Yakatora nguva yakareba sei kuti iite Unicorn Tapestries?

  Mhinduro shoma: Ichokwadi, nguva refu chaizvo.

  Heino mhinduro yakareba: Masangano e-tapestry eBelgium neNorth France akanga akanyanya kubatikana mubasa remakore rechigumi nematanhatu apo mucheche wakagadzirwa nounyanzvi waiva chiratidzo chepfuma uye simba. Inyanzvi dzaiwanzopfekedzwa zvishoma apo bhononi, muchinda kana regent akanga asiri kugara, asi pakuuya kwavo, matepi aizoiswa, achidzorera ushamwari uye hupenyu.

  Mucherecheri akagadzira zvigadzirwa zvepakutanga, izvo zvingazoendeswa kumubati mupende yemafuta pabhokisi. Izvozvo zvingatora mwedzi kana makore.

  Nhanho inotevera, katepiki yaizoitwa, dzimwe nguva nemumwe mubatsiri mune zvevarimi, iyo yaizoshanda semepu yemuiti. Iyo cartoon yakanga inoshamisa zvikuru, sezvo inogona kushandiswa kakawanda, uye zvigadziri zvinogona kushandurwa uye kuputirwa nemakatekiti akabatanidzwa. Vaive vakakosha zvokuti tapestry vatengesi vaizobatanidzwa, kuti vagadzirise uye vataurirane rwendo rwemakororo kubva kumusangano wemupepeti unogona kunge uripo muEurope, kune vanocheka kazhinji muBelgium, asiwo muNorthern France. Mifananidzo, kubhadhara mari yekutengesa uye kubvunzurudza uye kufamba kunogona kutora mwedzi kana makore.

  Kamwe zvinyorwa zvaiuya pakusungira masangano, mapepa ose aifanira kuvezwa. Zvadaro, pakupedzisira, vashandi vaizogadzirisa zvakanyanya, uye vashandise shongwe uye yechando kuenda kune micheka yakavezwa nemakatekasi akaiswa pasi pasi sevatungamiri vavo. Iyi nhanho inobatana nechiedza chechisikigo chisingawanikwi panguva dzekuNorthern European winters. Uye sezvo vaibhadhara maitiro, pane dzimwe nguva mazororo apo musangano waizovharwa. Saka chiitiko ichi chinoda makore akawanda emabasa. Mumazuva nguva, muchengeti ane ruzivo ane ruzivo unogona kunge akabudisa chidimbu chechidimbu chinoputika kupfuura chiyero chechindwe chako.

  Heino vhidhiyo inoshamisa inopera nguva yevheti yekomba yakagadzirwa.

• 05 of 09

  Muna 1500 mumwe nomumwe aidavira unicorns aiva chaiye

  Muna 1500 unicorns vose vaidavira unicorns vaiva vechokwadi. Kusiyana ne-centaur kana minotaur iyo yakabva mumanyoko, unicorn yakabva pakudzidza sayenzi yezvakasikwa uye yakatanga kuonekwa muIndia nemunyori wechiGiriki Ctesias muzana remakore rechi5 BCE. Kufanana nemutambo wefoni, tsanangudzo yeinicorn yakashandura kuonekwa kwake kubva pabhiza tsvuku ine ruvara rwepepuru kune zvisikwa zvitsvene zvinokwira bhiza-zvakaratidzwa kuchenesa rwizi rwemvura norunyanga rwake muUnicorn Tapestries. Julius Caesar akataura kuti nyanzvi dzakashamisika muGaul. Apo vatsvakurudzi veSpain vakadzokera kuEurope kubva pakuongorora kwavo kweAmerica, vakareva kuti nyoni dzakashambadzira muNyika Itsva.

  Mifananidzo iri kuMet Cloisters, zviitiko zvinogona kududzirwa senyaya yekuvhima (ine unicorn panzvimbo yeshoko), chirevo chemudiwa murume pane chivalric chido chekuratidza kuti anokosha kune vaanoda, uye zvinoreva Kushushikana kwaKristu.

  Ona kuti kune vashandi gumi nembiri vakaungana patsime, asi imwe chete inotarisa kune unicorn? NdiJudhasi.

• 06 of 09

  Nei kune Unicorn Tapestries muScotland?

  IWest Dean Weavers iyi ndiyo studio yevaspestestry vanobva kuEngland avo vakange vagoverwa pachake kuti vashandise kubereka zvakare kwe "Hunt for the Unicorn" kuti vaturike mu Stirling Castle kuScotland.

  Mutongi akafuridzirwa nekutenda kwakaitwa nevanyori vezvakaitika kare vekuScotland kuti mifananidzo yakanyorwa mubhuku raJakove V vaiva zvechokwadi Unicorn Tapestries, vauya kuScotland kuburikidza nehupfumi hwake hushoma, hwakashata kuMadeleine weValois. Vakadzoserwa kuFrance muzana remakore gumi nemasere kuburikidza nehukama neRochefoucauld, avo vakazozviisa mumhuri yavo pachavo.

  Kwemakore gumi, vatengesi veWest Dean vakashanyira Met Cloisters kuti vaite mapikicha matsva, kuverenga mazano uye kunyatsodzidza zvakagadzirirwa. Vakasunungura micheka yepamusoro sezvavakanga vaita muzana remakore rechi16. Nhasi ivo vanodada vachiratidzwa pa Stirling Castle.

• 07 of 09

  Ndinofunga kuti ndakaona micheka iyi muHarry Potter!

  Chiitiko chinonzi "Unicorn mu Captivity," ndicho chinonyanya kuzivikanwa. Chiri pamusidhodhi makadhikodhi, mabhegi akavhara, t-shirts chigadzirwa chekushongedza chakaitwa nemunhu wose mu "70s uye hongu," muna Harry Potter uye neHalf Blood Prince. "

  Mukuwedzera kune zviitiko zvekuvhima, iyi millefleur tapestry iyo isingakodzeri zvakakwana mune imwe nzvimbo yeguruva inogara yakakomberedzwa nefambo yakakomberedzwa, yakasungirirwa kumuti une ma makomamera akakura pamatavi awo. Idzo mbeu dzakasvibira dzinodonha mumuviri wake, uye dzinenge dzichiita sedazi dzeropa. Yakatakurwa nemufananidzo, asi pasina nhoroondo. Chinhu choga chinobatanidza ichi chinyorwa kune imwe yese ye "Hunt for the Unicorn" chiratidzo chisingazivikanwi chinopenya chinoratidzika seA uye shure E chakasungirirwa pamwe netambo. Nyanzvi dzakaedza kududzira tsamba idzi kwemakore anopfuura 140, asi hapana dzidziso yakagamuchirwa zvakanaka.

• 08 of 09

  Nzira yekushanyira Cloisters, Cluny uye Stirling Castle

  The Met Cloisters

  Fort Tryon Park, New York, NY 10040

  Maawa: March -October: 10 am -5: 15 pm, May 27 -September 2, 2016: Vhura musi weChishanu kusvikira 7:30 pm

  November-February: 10 am-4: 45 pm

  Yakavharwa Zuva Rokuonga, December 25, neJanuary 1

  Kubvumirwa : $ 25 Vakwegura, Vakwegura $ 17, Vadzidzi $ 12, Vana vari pasi pe12 uye nhengo Dzakasununguka

  Musée de Cluny- National Museum yeMiddle Ages
  6, apa Paul Painlevé
  75005 Paris

  Maawa: Zuva rega rega, rakapfigwa Chipiri, kubva 9:15 am kusvika 5:45 masikati.

  Desk inoguma pa5: 15 masikati.
  Yakapfigwa 1 Mbudzi, 1 Mbudzi ne25 December.

  Kubvumwa: Mutengo wakakwana: 8 € (9 € panguva yezviratidzwa zvenguva pfupi)
  Kubvumirana: 6 € (7 € panguva dzenguva pfupi)
  Vakasununguka kune veZimbabwe pasi pe26
  Kusununguka kune wese munhu weSvondo yokutanga yemwedzi mumwe nomumwe

  Stirling Castle

  Chinyorwa Esplanade, Stirling, FK8 1E

  Maawa: Zuva Nezuva, 1 Mar - 30 Sept 9: 30-6pm 1 Gumiguru - 31 Mar 9: 30-5pm

  Kubvuma: Mukuru (16 - 59 yrs) £ 14.50, Mwana (5 - 15 yrs) £ 8.70, Concession (60 yrs + uye vasingashandi) * £ 11.60

• 09 of 09

  Inyaya ipi iyo Unicorn Tapestries muParis inotaura?

  Izvo zvakagadzirwa nemakumbo anowanzonzi "The Unicorn Tapestries" anonyanya kunzi "Lady uye Unicorn." Izvi zvakare zvinogona kunge zvakasungirirwa munenge muna 1500 uye zvakafanana zvakasikwa zvakananga. Ipepistestries yeParis ndiyo iyo yaive inowanzoonekwa muimba yemubhedha yemadzimai kuti iite mhinduro yekuva mukati mejindu rakapoteredzwa. Vignettes yakasiyana yemukadzi, musikana muduku, nyoni, imbwa, monkey uye zvimwe zvisikwa zvakarongedzwa kuti zvive zvinyorwa zvemashoko mashanu, asi hapasisina kubvumirana kwakajeka pakati pevadzidzi.