Vakuru - Britain ine mazana. Iro shoko iro rinoshandura magetsi, kufadza, uye kufungidzira. Asi chii chaizvo chaiva nhare, zvirokwazvo? Chinzwisisa chinoreva uye iwe uchawana mufananidzo.
Makamba akapararira kumativi ose eEngland, Scotland neWales akanga asina kuvakirwa kune vanamambokadzi (kunze kwekuti vaizobatwa musungwa). Yaiva nzvimbo dzinotyisa - kutanga uye mberi, nhare, dzakagadzirirwa kutyisidzira uye kutonga vanhu vomunharaunda yacho ( saEngland I inhare muWales ) kana kuti kuzvidzivirira.
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Zvimwe, seimba isina zita mumusha weNorfolk weChristian Acre zvishoma pane kuparadzwa kwakaparadzwa kana, kufanana neMaiden Castle , mounds epasi pano maimbogara. Vamwe, kufanana neHarlech Castle kana Caernarvon, vane shongwe, mazhenje, uye hondo dzakagadzikana, zvakakwana kudyisa chero zuva rorudo rwekurota.
Asi Zvose Zvinorevei?
Apo iwe unoshanyira nhare, mazwi akawanda asingazivikanwi anonyanya kufungidzirwa pamusoro pokuti kana munhu wese anoziva zvavanoreva. Iwe unoreva iwe hauzive kuti motte uye bhailey chii? Uye iwe waifunga kuti dhion raiva chinhu chakafanana nejeri?
Pasina imwe ruzivo rwemashoko makuru, kutarisa imba yakanakisisa zvikuru kunogona kuonekwa sechikwata chakakomberedza dombo rematombo. Asi, kana iwe ukadzidza mazita mashomanana masimba zvose zvinonzwisisika. Aya mazwi makuru nemitsara achaita kuti iwe uchitaure "nhare" pamwe chete nepamusoro pavo pasina nguva uye kunzwisisa kuti idzi nhare dzehondo dzakashanda sei.
- Motte na Bailey - Makamba okutanga akaitwa nematanda uye akaiswa panzvimbo dzakakwirira zvakasununguka kana pahombe, munhu akaita mounds. Murwi uyo wainzi motte . Yakawanzo yakapoteredzwa nehuni uye ipapo nzvimbo yepakati yepamusoro mukati mehuro rwematombo kana palisade (fambo yakagadzirwa nematanda akaomeswa, yakagumisa kuguma). Iyo yepamusoro pasi yaiva bhailey. Dzimwe nguva rusvingo rwakarikomberedza rwaivewo runonzi bhailey. Kunyangwe pasina nzvimbo yakachena uye dzimba dzebhailey dzakasara, kune huzhinji huno uchapupu hwavo. Icho chinyorwa chakakomberedza shongwe, chinonzi Windsor Castle chinonyanya kuzivikanwa, chinomira pamotokari yepakutanga yeimba, iyo yakaita 50 ft mound yakagadzirwa nemakate akafukidzwa kubva mugomba rakaripoteredza.
- Wadhi - Muzvivako zvakakura zvakadai saWillsor, ane anopfuura imwechete bailey kana kudzivirira ruvanze nzvimbo yakakomberedzwa nemadziro, nzvimbo imwe neimwe inonzi ward. Paunoshanya neimba, iwe unogona kuona nzvimbo dzinotsanangurwa sevepamusoro yedare nechepasi, semuenzaniso. Izvi zvingangova zvishoma nezvekukwirira kwepanyama asi zvinogona kurondedzera kuti vari pedo kana kure kure zvakadini neimba yacho.
- Bastion - Ndaigara ndichifunga kuti bastion yaiva imwe chete izwi reimba. Asi iwe paunenge uchitaura "nhare", zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa kutsanangura zvakananga shongwe, kumativi ose kana kutengesa, pamativi maviri emasvingo. Vapfuri vaiwanzosimuka pamiseve kana masango kubva kwavaizodzivirira nezvose zveimba.
- The Keep - Iyi ndiyo yaiva nzvimbo yakasimba yekugara yakanga iri chikamu chakasimba cheimba. Inogona kunge iri pakati pebailey yemauto kana kune nzvimbo yakakwirira ichiri kutarisa asi chero kupi kwairi kuchengetwa, yakasarudzwa nokuti yakanga yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka. Muhondo, kana yakaramba ichiwa, imba yakatorwa. At Orford Castle, yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi12, zvose zvakasara ndezvokuchengetedza.
- The Donjon - MuNorman nhare, kuchengeta kwaiwanzoidzwa kuti donjon - kwete dongo zvachose, asi nzvimbo yakadzivirirwa yekugara uye yokupotera. Yakanga iriwo shongwe huru mukati meimba yemauto.
- Barbican - Iyi ndiyo yekudzivirirwa kwekupedzisira kweimba yacho. Kana vanopikisa vakakwanisa kupinda mukati masuo eimba vaizofanira kumanikidzwa kurwisana nenzira yavo kuenda kunopfuurira nemugwagwa wakagadzirwa nemasvingo akavakwa nemasvingo akakwirira anozivikanwa sebarbican. Imwe mauto emuvengi akapinda mubarbican, aikwanisa kuderedzwa kubva kumusoro nemiseve, kupisa mafuta uye zvimwe zvombo panguva yekuderedzwa nezvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaiswa munzira yavo. Zvinonakidza kuti bharbican yaiva rudzi rwechipingamupinyi -Barbican Centre yeLondon ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakavhiringidzika uye dzisingakundiki dzekufamba muGuta.
- Curtain Wall - Iri ndiro rusvingo runodzivirira runopoteredza bhailey . Inogonawo kuva rusvingo runobatanidza zvigadziro kana shongwe, kana izvi zvakasiyana kubva kune zvakachengetedza. Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakagara dziine mazariro maviri-rusvingo rwokunze rwakanga rwuri kuputsika mberi kwemukati mukati meketeni, rakachengetedzwa nezvigadziro, zvinogona kurwiswa.
- Solar - Iyi ndiyo yaiva yega yega yemhuri yaIshe. Imba yakakura yaizova neHurumende huru padenga repasi iyo yakazarurirwa kune vose vemuimba. Nzvimbo dzevaeni dzingangowanikwa mumasvingo egurusa kubva paimba iyi uye zuva nezuva kufara, nhaurirano dzezvematongerwo enyika uye nheyo dzenhare dzakaitwa pano. Izvo zvaizozove zvichitsanangurwa se "dare." Izuva, kune rimwe divi, raive pamusoro pepasi repasi uye raiva nzvimbo yega yega yekugara uye yekurara yemhuri. Izwi rezuva, nenzira, harina chokuita nezuva. Chakanga chiri, chaizvoizvo, chakabva kuNorman French yega, yoga.
- IOubliette - Nhare dzeMedeval dzaisambova nemapuranga echokwadi nokuti kuchengeta vasungwa kwakanga kusingawanzoitiki. Iwe ungadai wakave wakanyanya kuurayiwa kana kuendeswa kune imwe mhosva nekuda kwemhosva kune wakambosungwa pamutengo waIshe. Asi dzimwe nguva zvakanga zvakakodzera kuvanza mumwe munhu-zvichida nokusingaperi. Muchiitiko ichocho, vanogona kukandwa muOubliette , gomba rakadzika, kazhinji pamucheto wezvinyorwa uye ndokusvika chete kuburikidza nemusuo. Dzimwe nguva chigaro chakanga chiri kumusoro mushongwe kuitira kuti musungwa anzwe uye anhuwone hupenyu huri kumupoteredza asi asina nzira yekupukunyuka. Shoko rokuti oubliette rinobva kuFrance kune nzvimbo inokanganwika . Yakanga ishandiswa kupfuura kungorangwa asi sechimiro chekutambudzwa. Musungwa akandwa kunze uye akasara kuti afe afa.
- The Garderobe - Kunyange Middle Ages vanhu vaishandisa euphemisms yeimba yekushambidzira. Kwete iyo gardenerobe yakanga isiri nzvimbo iyo zvipfeko zvakachengetwa, kunyange zvakadaro ndizvo zvinoreva izwi rechiFrench. Yaiva iyo privy, iyo, jakes, john, chimbuzi. Izwi racho zvichida rakakonzera kushandiswa kweBritain kwezwi rokuti WC kana mvura yekugadzirisa yemvura, uye (uyewo muBritish) kushandiswa kwemashoko emakamuri evhaak kunotsanangura pasi iyo. Zvichibva pakushaiwa kwemvura, zvingava zvakanakira kuisa ichi chinokosha, chinzvimbo chebasa pane imwe nzvimbo kunze. Asi sezvandakambotaura pakutanga kwechikamu, nhare yakanga iri, kutanga uye mberi, nhare yehondo. Zvakanga zvine musoro kune magetsi kuti arambe ari mukati mekudzivirirwa kwaro paanoita mabasa anotambura mumuviri. I-garderobe kazhinji yaive iri mukati meimwe shongwe kana mukati mekuvhara rusvingo rusvingo uye yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune dzimwe dzimba nechicane seyakagadzirirwa masvingo. Imba yacho yakanga ine zviputi izvo - kana varanda vacho vaiva nerusununguko - vakadururira murwizi kana kuti mhepo. Dai vakanga vasina ruzha, mumwe wevaranda veimba vaizove nebasa rokubvisa pasi pemvura.