01 ye13
Nhoroondo yeRudo Canal
Getty Inongova makiromita mashoma kubva paguta riri pakati peNiagara Fall iguta rakakanganwika rakazadzwa nezvakavanzika. Rudo Kanal, kamwechete yeimwe nzvimbo dzakanyanya kufambira mberi dziri pedyo neNiagara Falls yakawana runyaradzo rwepasi pose apo rwakanga rwashungurudzwa nekunyepedzera kwakazununguka nyika. Miti yakaoma uye yakanyarara yakaiswa mumigwagwa yaizochinja kubva mumharaunda yakasvibirira kuti ipedze kuparadzwa kwemakore akawanda uye makumi emakore achitevera mumigwagwa yeRudo Canal yaizosiyiwa kuti iwedzere.
Pakati pezvikwereti makumi matatu nemazana mana, Rudo Canal rakanga riri duku duku reNiagara Falls iro raibvumira mhuri kurera vana vavo mumisha miduku midzi pedyo neguta, paine nzvimbo yokuti ivo vamhanya uye vatambe. Kugadziriswa kwechiitiko chinobva kuMadeleine L'Engle 's classic "A Wrinkle in Time", Rudo Canal raiva guta rakanaka chaizvo rakazadzwa nemhuri mhuri dzine dzimba dzose dzichitaridzika semakirakiti makopi kune avo kumativi ose.
Munguva ye1950 nharaunda yakakura nokukurumidza sezvo guta riine ruzivo rwakawanda. Migwagwa yakanga ine runyararo uye vavakidzani vakanga vane ushamwari, asi vagari veRudo Canal vaizozviwana ivo pachavo pakati pehupfumi rehupfumi.
Nyika iyo mharaunda yakavakwa nayo yakave yakasvibiswa zvikuru nemakemikari akange aendeswa panzvimbo iyi neHooker Electrochemical Company iyo yaimbova neyo nzvimbo. Vagari venguva isipi vakabva vatanga kurwara nezvirwere zvakange zvichibva kuhutachiona hwekunzwa nekukenza nokukurumidza. Izvozvo zvichange zvaratidzwa pachena kuti hurumende yepanyika yainyatsoziva nezvekuvigwa kwakavanzwa mukati mevhu, asi yakasarudza kupfidza meso.
Guta reNiagara Falls City School rakaramba richitsvaka Hooker Electrochemical Company kutenga pfuma yavo netariro yekuvaka chikoro chitsva. Iyo kambani yakarambidza kupa kwavaiita pakutanga kunotsanangura zvinetso zveutano, asi pakupedzisira vakadzoka ndokutengesa nyika kune chikoro chechikoro. Pamusoro pemari yavo pachavo, kambani yacho yakatora chikoro chemahofisi pachitarisiko chesaiti uye yakagadzira test borings pamberi pavo kuti ione kuti vaiziva kuti ivhu rakange rakasvibiswa, asi guta racho rakaramba richitenga uye gare gare, kuvaka chikoro.
Hooker Chemicals yaisanganisira chivharo refu mukutengeserana kwekutengesa kune guta rinotsanangura njodzi dzenyika kuitira kuti vaone kuti vaiziva nezvekugadzirisa, asiwo kusiya basa chero ripi neripi remigumisiro yaizotambudza guta racho. Vakataura kuti nyika inofanira kuiswa chisimbiso kubva "kuitira kuti vanhu vasakwanisa kutarisana nezvinhu zvakakanganiswa." Bhokisi rekuchikoro rakasarudza kuenda mberi nekuvandudza kwechikoro chero zvakadaro.
Pakuvaka imwe yezvikoro zviviri munharaunda, vavaki vakawana 55-gallon drum yezvinotyisa zvakasvibiswa naHooker Chemical. Pakazara, matani 22 000 ematokisi anonyadzisa akanga avigwa panzvimbo yevanhu ava vanobudirira uye hapana wevagari vayo vari vakachenjera. Basa rakaenderera mberi pakuvakwa kwechikoro uye sezvo nzvimbo yakagadzirwa yakakura yechikoro chechipiri yakagadzirwa zvishoma zvishoma.
Upenyu hwakaramba huchienderera mberi kune avo vari muRudo Canal kusvika muna 1976 apo vatori venhau vaviri vaibva kuNiagara Falls Gazette , David Pollak naDavid Russell, vakayesa mapepa akawanda uye vakawana miitiro yakawanda yezvinokonzera mishonga. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyaya yacho haina kuwana zvakanyanya kufambiswa nemavhidhiyo kusvikira makore mashomanana gare gare apo mutori wenhau Michael Brown akatanga kutsvaga hutano hwehutano hwemakemikari aya uye akaita svondo nesuo muna 1978.
Amai vemunharaunda, Lois Gibbs, vakatanga kutumira varidzi vembavha mushure mokunge mwanakomana wavo aine chifukidzo uye zvimwe zvehutano zvakasiyana. Aizodaro akava izwi revakasara murima pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwemuvakidzani, vachikumbira kusarudzwa kuti vatungamirire Rudo rweKuvakwa kweVanaki veMusha.
Gibbs akatevera vakuru vakuru kuti vaongorore zvinetso zveavo vaigara munharaunda, asi hapana chakauya kubva pamabasa ake. Meya Falls Falls, Michael O'Laughlin, ainyanya kutaurwa achitsanangura kuti "hapana chakaipa" pamwe nenharaunda yacho.
Pakazosvika makore makumi manomwe vevakapoteredza mharaunda iyi vainge vachinetseka zvakanyanya kuwanda kwemasimba, kusagadzikana kwepamusoro, kushungurudzika kwekutya, kenza uye kuuraya kune dzimwe nyaya. New York Health Health Commissioner, Robert Whalen, akazoshanyira nzvimbo yacho uye akasabvumirana zvakasimba nemaonero evakuru veguta.
"Rudo rweCanal Chemical Chemical Waste Landfill runova nhamo yevanhu uye ngozi inotyisa zvikuru uye ngozi kune hutano, kuchengeteka uye hutano hwevaya vanoishandisa, kurarama pedyo neyo kana kuzarurirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu anobva pazviri, zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvinhu, zvemakemikari zvakaparadzwa akafukidzirwa pamusoro penzvimbo munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinopararira, zvinokanganisa uye zvinokanganisa makemikisi emakemikari nemafuta anokanganisa zvose zviri mukati memhepo uye dzimba dzevamwe vagari vanogara pedyo nevakadaro, "akadaro.
Mutungamiri Jimmy Carter akazivisa hurongwa hwehutano hwehurumende uye akadana Federal Federal Assistance Agency kuti ibatsire Guta reNiagara Falls kugadzirisa nzvimbo yeRudo Canal. Iyi ndiyo yaiva yokutanga munhoroondo yenyika iyo mari yakadaro yakashandiswa pane chimwe chinhu kunze kwekuparadzwa kwenjodzi.
Mumakore anotevera, zvikoro zvakavharwa uye inenge zvivako zvepasi zvakaparadzwa. Nharaunda yaimbova yakakura yakaderedzwa kusvika kuminda isina chinhu kunze kwemafambiro emigwagwa akasiyiwa, maekare euswa hwakareba uye zvishoma zviratidzo zvemugwagwa.
Mhuri dzose mazana 800 dzakaendeswa kune imwe nyika uye dzibhadharwa pamutengo wemisha yavo asi mhuri 90 dzakasarudza kugara. Sezvo makore akaenderera mberi, inenge mhuri dzose dzaimbove dzichinzi imba yemunharaunda dzakanga dzakasarudza kubva.
Nhasi inenge inenge yakasara yeRudo Canal. Nharaunda inozivikanwa nevatori vemafirimu vane tariro yekufambisa mumigwagwa yakareba uye misha shomanana yakasara.
Tevera Sean pa Twitter uye Instagram @BuffaloFlynn, uye tarisai Facebook peji yedu kuti uwane mamwe mashoko paBuffalo, Niagara Falls uye Western New York.
02 of 13
Abandoned Homes
Getty Nharaunda yakasiyiwa uye dzimba dzakasara kuti dzive. Nokufamba kwenguva, guta racho rakaparadza huwandu hwezvivako panzvimbo iyi uye hazvina kusvika muna 2004 kuti vanhu vakabvumirwa kudzokera kumashure.
03 we13
Starter Community
Getty Mhuri dzakatanga kutamira kune rimwe divi rema1950 nokuti rakaonekwa seyo nzvimbo yakakwana yekutanga.
04 ye13
Vanhu Vakatanga Kurwara
Getty Pakazosvika ma1970 mharaunda yaive ichibudirira asi vazhinji vevagari vayo vakatanga kurwara. Vanhu vainge vatsauka pamwero unotyisa, vachikura kenza uye mamwe matambudziko ehutano. Hurumende yepanyika yainyatsoziva nezvehutano hunoonekwa nevanhu, uye yaizivawo kuti nyika yakasvibiswa kwazvo.
05 of 13
Kutanga Hondo
Getty Nharaunda yakashata yakatanga kuparara uye vagari vaida mhinduro. Lois Gibbs akazova mutauri wemunharaunda yake. Amai vasina kuroorwa, Gibbs vakatanga kuvhiringidza kuchengetedzwa kwemuvakidzani wake apo mwanakomana wake akatanga kutsika nehutachiona hwekunzwa pane zvisinganzwisisiki nguva dzose.
06 of 13
Kunzwa Isingadiwi
Getty Vamwe vagari vakatanga kugara vachicherechedza kunhuwira kunoshamisa kunobva pasi uye panguva inonaya, mvura inoshamisa isingasimudziri kumusoro. Zvose zvinonzwika sechinhu chinobva mune sayenzi yechiratidzo, asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti mhuri idzi dzaiitika zvakadini chaizvo.
07 pa13
Kurwisana neVanhu varo
Getty Gibbs akaenderera mberi kurwira kodzero dzaiye, mhuri yake uye vavakidzani vake kwemakore ose emhosva yepamutemo neguta racho.
08 we13
Kusvibisa Muvakidzani
Getty Sezvazvichaitika, Hooker Electrochemical Company yakanga yakarasa mabhiri 22,000 ematokisi ane chepfu pfuma yavo, gare gare vachiitengesa kuti ive nharaunda yekutanga. Yaiva makemikari akapinda muvhu akatanga kutora nzira iyo kupinda mumvura yekunwa, ivhu nemhepo izvo zviuru zvevanhu zvakasangana zuva nezuva.
09 ye13
Migumisiro pavana
Getty Kwete izvozvo chete asi kune zvikoro zviviri zveparivhesiti zvakavakirwa panzvimbo iyi, dzimba mazana evadzidzi zuva rega rega. Gibbs nevamwe vakawanda vakarwa zvakaoma kuti vanyatsotarisa nyaya idzi, pakupedzisira vawana mhepo shure kwehuchapupu hwacho hwakapfuurirwa kupfuura izvo zvingarambwa zvachose.
10 pa13
Hooker Electrochemical Company
Getty Hooker Electrochemical Company yakatanga kutevedzwa neNiagara Falls City Chikoro cheSchool nokuti vakange vachida zvikuru nyika yekuvaka chivako chinowedzera. Pakutanga kambani yakaramba zvikumbiro zvavo nekuda kwezvoutano, asi pakupedzisira vakatengesa nyika yavo. Muvatengesi vevatengesi Hooker Electrochemical Company vakakurudzira chikoro chechikoro kuti chisimbise nyika yacho kuitira kuti mhuka chero ipi zvayo kana vanhu vasazobatana nayo sezvo zvingakonzera kukuvadza kukuru. Chikoro chakavakwa zvakadaro uye dzimba dzakagadzirwa.
11 pa13
Rimwe Rakaziviswa
Getty Kamwe bhora rakatanga kubvongodza uye vanhu vakatanga kuona kuti pane dambudziko rinorwisana naro, Rudo Canal rwakatanga kutarisa nyika. Pamusana pehutano hwehutano hwaive huchiitika pamwero unotyisa nyaya yacho haigone kurambwa zvakare. Vakuru veguta vaifanira kuziva uye kubvuma kune zvavakanga vamboita, vachiziva kuti vaityisa boka rose revanhu kuti vawane mari.
12 pa13
Gibbs uye Nharaunda Dzinokunda Kurwisana neGuta
Getty Pakupedzisira, mushure memakore ekurwisana kuti anzwike, Mutungamiri Jimmy Carter akazivisa hurumende yehutano hwakashata uye akadana Federal Federal Assistance Agency kuti ibatsire guta reNiagara Falls mukucheneswa kweRudo Canal. Guta iri duku, rakarara rakava guru rekutanga Superfund site muUnited States. Pamusana pekudonha kwemakemikari ane tsvina anenge mhuri dzinosvika mazana mana akafanirwa kutumirwa uye kubhadharwa pamisha yavo. Mhuri dzinenge makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere dzakasarudza kugara asi semakore akapfuura kune vazhinji vakaguma vachienda.
13 pa13
Mazuva ano sei
Kutendeseka kwe Wikipedia Kubva nhasi kune zvishoma zvasara zveRudo Canal. Imba shoma shoma chete inogara uye magwagwa emigwagwa ari kupfuura, achiregererwa kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi mana. Yakava nzvimbo yaidiwa kuvafotori kuti vafambe mumugwagwa uye vanotora mushure meguta raimbove riri. Kunyange zvazvo pasina chinhu chakasara, Rudo Canal rwakanga rwuri chinhu chisingarangarirwi pamusoro penzvimbo yacho.