"Sani" inobatanidza mazita ekutaura kweKoisan muSouth Africa. Uyewo dzimwe nguva dzinonzi Bushmen kana Basarwa, ivo ndivo vanhu vokutanga kugara kuMaodzanyemba kweAfrica, kwavakagara kwemakore anopfuura 20 000. Mifananidzo yakavezwa yeSani muBotswana yeZotdilo Hills inopupurira nhaka iyi inoshamisa, nemuenzaniso mizhinji inofungidzirwa kuti inodzokera kumashure 1300 AD.
Sani inogara munzvimbo dzeBotswana, Namibia, South Africa, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe uye Lesotho.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mazwi "San" uye "Bushmen" anotorwa seanozvidzwa. Pane kudaro, vanhu vakawanda veSan vanosarudza kuonekwa nezita remarudzi avo pachavo. Izvi zvinosanganisira! Kung, Jul'hoan, Tsoa nemamwe akawanda.
The History of the San
Sani ndiyo zvizvarwa zvekutanga Homo sapiens , kureva munhu wemazuva ano. Ivo vane yekare yakawanda maitiro evanhu vese varipo, uye inofungidzirwa kuti mamwe marudzi ose anobva kwavari. Nhoroondo, Sani vaiva vatsva-vatori vakachengetedza mararamiro ehupenyu hwomumusha. Izvi zvaireva kuti vakafamba gore rose maererano nekuwanika kwemvura, mutambo uye zvirimwa zvinodyiwa izvo zvaiwanzoshandisa kuchinja zvokudya zvavo.
Mukufamba kwemakore maviri akapfuura, zvisinei, kuuya kwevefundisi uye varimi vanobva kune imwe nzvimbo muAfrica vakamanikidza vanhu veSan kuti vasiye kubva kumagariro avo. Izvi zvakasimbiswa nevakachena vechechi muzana remakore rechi17 neregumi nematanhatu, avo vakatanga kutanga mapurazi ega ega munzvimbo dzakapfuma.
Somugumisiro, Sani yakavharirwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisingasviki dzeAfrica yekumaAfrica - dzakadai seKararahari Dhairi rakaparara.
Traditional San Culture
Mumakore akapfuura, mapoka emhuri kana mapoka eSan aiwanzoverengera vanhu vanenge gumi kusvika ku15. Vaigara kunze kwenyika, vachivaka dzimba dzenguva pfupi muzhizha, uye dzimwe dzimba dzisingaperi dzichipoteredza mvuraholes munguva yakaoma yechando.
Sani ivanhu vechiratidzo, uye tsika dzisina mutungamiri mukuru kana mukuru. Vakadzi vanoonekwa sevamwe vakaenzana, uye zvisarudzo zvinoitwa seboka. Kana kusagadzikana kubuda, kukurukurirana kwenguva refu kunoitwa kuti igadzirise nyaya ipi zvayo.
Munguva yakapfuura, varume veSan vaiva nebasa rekuvhima kuti vadye boka rose - basa rekushandira rakapiwa kuburikidza nemiseve yakagadzirwa nemaoko nemiseve yakasungwa nehupfu hwakagadzirwa kubva pasi. Munguva iyi, vakadzi vakaunganidza zvavaikwanisa kubva munyika, kusanganisira michero, majeki, tubers, zvipembenene uye mazai emhou. Imwe nguva isina chinhu, mapfupa emhou aishandiswa kuunganidza nekuchengetedza mvura, iyo yaiwanzofanirwa kunamirwa kubva mubako rakachera mujecha.
The San Today
Nhasi, inofungidzirwa kuti kune vanhu vanenge 100 000 San vachiri kugara kuSouth Africa. Chero chiduku chiduku zvikuru chevanhu ava vakasara vanogona kurarama maererano nemararamiro avo. Sezvakaitika kune vazhinji vekutanga rudzi rwevanhu mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, vazhinji veSani vanhu vakave vatarisana nemitemo yavakapiwa nemaitiro emazuva ano. Kusarura hurumende, urombo, kurambwa kwevanhu uye kurasikirwa kwekuzivikanwa kwemitemo vose vakasiya chiratidzo chavo kuSani yanhasi.
Vasingakwanisi kufamba nechisimba munyika yose sezvavakanga vamboita, vakawanda vari vashandi mumapurazi kana kuchengetedzwa kwezvakasikwa, asi vamwe vanovimba nemari yehurumende yemari yavo. Zvisinei, yeSani ichiri kuremekedzwa nevakawanda nekuda kwehutano hwavo hwekugara, iyo inosanganisira kutevera, kushamba uye ruzivo rwakakwana rwezvigadzirwa zvinodyiwa uye zvemishonga. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vanhu veSan vanogona kurarama huno unyanzvi mune imwe nzira, nekuvadzidzisa kune vamwe mumitambo yemitambo uye nzvimbo dzekushanyirwa.
San Cultural Tours
Zviitiko zvakaita sezvipi zvinopa vashanyi tsanangudzo inonakidza kune tsika yakasarudzwa nematambudziko emakore emakore. Zvimwe zvakagadzirirwa kushanya kwemazuva mashomanana, asi vamwe vanotora mawonekedwe emazuva akawanda uye kufamba kwerenje. Nhoma Safari Camp inodzika musasa mumusha weNhoma kumadokero kweNamibia, uko vanhu venyika yeJu'hoan vanodzidzisa vashanyi unyanzvi hwokuvhima nekuunganidza, uyewo unyanzvi hunosanganisira mishonga yemagwenzi, mitambo yemidziyo uye mitambo yekuporesa.
Zvimwe zviitiko zveSan Bushmen zvinosanganisira 8 Day Bushman Trail Safari uye 7 Day Mobile Camping Safari muK Kalahari, zvose zviri kuitika muBotswana. MuSouth Africa, iyo! Khwa ttu San Culture uye Dzidzo Centre inopa mazuva ano kutarirwa kune vashanyi pamwe nekudzidziswa kwevanhu veSani vemazuva ano vanoda kufananidzwa zvakare netsika dzavo.
Nyaya iyi yakarongedzwa uye yakanyorwa zvakare muchikamu chaJessica Macdonald musi waAugust 24, 2017.