Zvizhinji zvezvirwere zvinotyisa zveAfrica zvinoparadzirwa nemumhutu - kusanganisira malaria , yellow fever uye dengue fever. Zvisinei, utsi hausi wega hutachiona hunouraya muAfrica. Tsetse flies inotumira zvirongwa zveAfrica trypanosomiasis (kana kurwara kurara) kune mhuka nevanhu munyika 39 dziri pasi peSahara. Utachiona hunowanzoiswa kumaruwa, uye naizvozvo inogona kunge inogona kukanganisa avo vanoronga pamasimiriro kana mashopu.
The Tsetse Fly
Izwi rokuti "tsetse" rinoreva "kuruka" muchiTswana, uye rinoreva kumarudzi ose 23 ejuburu rinonzi Glossina. Tsetse inobhururuka inopa ropa rezvikara zvemhuka, kusanganisira vanhu, uye pakuita kudaro, inoderedza chirwere chehope chinorara kubva kune mhuka dzinotapukirwa kuenda kune dzisina kufungidzirwa. Nhunzi idzi dzinofanana nedzimwe nhunzi dzedzimba, asi dzinogona kuonekwa nemaviri ekusiyanisa maitiro. Zvose nyoka dzinobhururuka dzine purogiramu yakareba, kana kuti proboscis, inopararira nechepamusoro kubva kumucheto wemusoro wayo. Panozorora, mapapiro avo akafukura pamusoro pemimba, imwe chete kumusoro kweimwe.
Kurara Kurwara Mhuka
Animal African trypanosomiasis ine simba rakaipa pamombe, uye kunyanya pamombe. Mhuka dzinotapukira dzinowedzera kushaya simba, kusvika pakuti haigoni kurima kana kubereka mukaka. Vakadzi vane pamuviri vanowanzobvisa vaduku vavo, uye pakupedzisira, munhu anenge aurayiwa achafa. Prophylactics yemombe inodhura uye haisi nguva dzose inoshanda.
Sezvo zvakadaro, kukura kwemahombekombe hazvibviri munzvimbo dzakatapukirwa ne tsetse. Avo vanoedza kuchengetedza mombe vanotambudzwa nekurwara nekufa, vane mamiriyoni matatu emombe dzinofa gore roga roga kubva kuchirwere.
Nemhaka yeizvi, hove dzetsezi ndeimwe yezvisikwa zvakakosha zvikuru muAfrica yeAfrica.
Iripo mune imwe nzvimbo inenge mamiriyoni gumi emakiromita makiromita emaodzanyemba kweSahara Africa - nyika inobereka isingagoni kubudirira kubudirira. Sezvo zvakadaro, hove yezintse inowanzoonekwa seimwe yezvikonzero zvinokonzera urombo muAfrica. Pakati penyika makumi mana nemasere inosangana nemhuka dzemaAfrica trypanosomiasis, makumi matatu dzinotaridzwa semari yakaderera, nyika-yezvokudya.
Kune rumwe rutivi, hove yezintse inobatsirawo kuchengetedza maturakiti makuru emunzvimbo yemusango iyo ingadai yakave yakashandurwa kumunda. Iyi nzvimbo ndiyo nhare dzekupedzisira dzezvipenyu zvekukara zveAfrica. Kunyange zvazvo mhuka safari (kunyanya antelope uye warthog) dziri pangozi kune chirwere chacho, hachina kunetseka kudarika mombe.
Kurara Kurwara Muvanhu
Pamusoro pemarudzi makumi maviri nemaviri emabhiri, marudzi matanhatu chete anopa kurwara kurara kuvanhu. Kune matambudziko maviri eAfrica trypanosomiasis: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense uye Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense . Iyo yekare ndiyo inonyanya kupararira, inotora 97% yezvakaitika zvayo. Inovharidzirwa kuCentral nekuMadokero Africa , uye inogona kuenda isingaoneki kwemwedzi zvisati zvaitika zviratidzo zvakakomba. Mamiriro ekupedzisira aya haawanzoitiki, anokurumidza kukura uye akavharirwa kuSouth and East Africa .
Uganda ndiyo nyika chete ine Tb gambiense uye Tb rhodesiense .
Zviratidzo zvekurwara zvinosanganisira kuneta, kuora musoro, masumbu aches uye fever high. Nokufamba kwenguva, chirwere ichi chinokanganisa hutachiona hwehutano, hunokonzera kushungurudzika kwehope, zvirwere zvepfungwa, kugumburwa, coma uye pakupedzisira, rufu. Nenzira yakanaka, kurwara kwevanhu kunowedzera. Maererano neWorld Health Organization, apo paive nevane 300 000 maitiro matsva echirwere muna 1995, zvinofungidzirwa kuti paingova nemakore 15 000 chete matsva muna 2014. Kuderera kunofanirwa kuve nekudzivirira kuri nani kweve fly fly, pamwe nekuvandudzirwa kuongororwa uye kurapwa.
Kudzivisa Kurara Kurwara
Hapana mishonga kana prophylactics yekurwara kwevanhu. Nzira chete yekudzivirira utachiona ndeyokudzivisa kunyorerwa - zvisinei, kana iwe wakarumwa, mikana yehutachiona ichiri duku.
Kana uchitarisa pakufamba kune imwe nzvimbo yakatapukirwa neefeta, iva nechokwadi chekutakura shati refu-sleeve uye shangu refu. Chigadziko chakareruka chinorema, nokuti nhunzi dzinogona kuruma kuburikidza nemapfupa mashoma. Nzira dzisiri dzeutachiona dzinokosha, sezvinoita nhunzi dzinokwevera kune chiedza chakajeka, chine misi uye miviri yesimbi (uye kunyanya bhuruu - pane chikonzero chekuti safari inotungamirira nguva dzose inoshandisa khaki).
Tsetse flies inokwezvawo kutama motokari, saka iva nechokwadi chekutarisa motokari yako kana motori usati watanga mutambo. Vanovata musango dema munguva inopisa yezuva, saka purogiramu yekufamba safarisi yekumangwanani kwekutanga nemangwanani ekupedzisira. Insect repellent inongobatsira chete pakuchengetedza nhunzi dziri kure. Zvisinei, zvakakodzera kubhadhara muzvipfeko zvinoshandiswa ne permetrin, uye zvakakanganiswa nemishonga inoshandiswa kusanganisira DEET, Picaridin kana OLE. Iva nechokwadi chokuti nzvimbo yako yokugara kana hotera ine mambure omumusho, kana kutakura imwe inotakura muhomwe yako.
Kurapa Kurara Kurwara
Ramba uine ziso kunze kwezviratidzo zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa, kunyange kana zvikaitika mwedzi inoverengeka mushure mekunge muchidzoka kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yeAIDS. Kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti iwe unenge watapukirwa, tsvaga kurapwa nokukurumidza, uine chokwadi chekuudza chiremba wako kuti iwe uchangobva kupedza nguva mune imwe nyika. Mishonga yauchazopiwa inoenderana nebasa rezitse raunazvo, asi mumamiriro ose ezvinhu, zvichida iwe uchada kuongororwa kusvika kumakore maviri kuti uone kuti kurapwa kwakabudirira.
Kufanana kweKutengesa Kurara Kurwara
Pasinei nekuoma kwechirwere ichi, haufaniri kurega kutya kwekutambira chirwere chekurara kuchiita kuti usvike kuAfrica. Ichokwadi ndechokuti vatashanyi havakwanise kutapukirwa, sezvo avo vari panjodzi vari varimi vekumaruwa, vatsva nevabati vehove vane nguva yakareba yekusvika kune nzvimbo dzetse. Kana iwe uri kunetseka, usapinda kuDemocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). 70% yemhosva inotangira pano, uye ndiyo nyika chete ine zviitiko zvitsva zvinopfuura 1 000 pagore.
Nzvimbo dzakashanya dzevatasvi venzvimbo dzakadai seMalawi, Uganda, Tanzania neZimbabwe zvose zvinoshuma zvishoma pane 100 mamiriro matsva gore negore. Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia neRwanda havana kutaurira mamiriro matsva mumakore anodarika gumi, asi South Africa inonzi inorwara kurwara-isina. Kutaura zvazviri, kumaodzanyemba kweSouth Africa ndiyo ndiyo yakanakisisa yekutengesa kune ani zvake ane hanya nezvezvirwere zvinotapurirwa nezvipembenene, sezvavariwo vasina marariya, yellow fever uye dengue.