Marariya ndeye chirwere chinorwara chinopinda masero matsvuku eropa uye kazhinji chinopararira nehutachiona hweAnopheles . Mhando mitanhatu yakasiyana yehutachiona hwemarariya inoshandiswa kune vanhu, iyo iyo P. falciparum inonyanya kuipa (zvikurukuru kuvakadzi vane pamuviri nevana vaduku). Maererano nemushumo wekupedzisira wakabudiswa neWorld Health Organisation, marariya yakaita kuti rufu rwevanhu 445 000 rwuve muna 2016, uye 91% yezviurairo zvinowanikwa muAfrica.
Pane mamiriyoni 216 emarariya anoratidzwa mugore rimwe chete, 90% yakaitika muAfrica.
Nhamba dzakadai seiyi dzinoratidza kuti marariya ndeimwe yezvirwere zvinouraya zvikuru zvekondinendi - uye semushanyi kuAfrica, iwe uri pangozi. Zvisinei, nehutano hwakanaka, mikana yekubata malaria inogona kuderedzwa zvikuru.
Pre-Trip Planning
Hasi nzvimbo dzose dzeAfrica dzinokonzerwa nechirwere ichi, saka danho rokutanga nderokutsvakurudza kwaunoda kuenda uye kuziva kana kwete malariya inyaya. Nokuda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiona hwemarariya, tarisa ruzivo rwakarongeka kuCenter for Disease Control and Prevention website.
Kana nzvimbo yaunofamba nayo iine marariya, ita nguva yako nechiremba wako kana kliniki yekufambira iri pedyo kuti utaure nezvemishonga inorwisa marariya. Iko kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana, ayo ose anouya mufomu yepiritsi uye ndeyeprophylactics panzvimbo pemishonga.
Edza kuona chiremba wako sezvakaitika kare sezvazvinogona, sezvo makiriniki akawanda asingachengetedzi mashizha emarariya prophylactics uye angada nguva yekuvarayira iwe.
Zvinosuruvarisa, hazvishamisi kuti inshuwarisi yehutano ichavhara mishonga iri muUnited States. Kana mari yakakosha, bvunza chiremba wako pamusoro pemapiritsi epo panzvimbo pane mavara.
Izvo zvine zvigadzirwa zvakafanana, asi zvinowanzowanikwa nokuda kwechikamu chiduku chemutengo.
Zvimwe Prophylactics
Iko kune mana inowanzoshandiswa anti-malaria prophylactics, yose iyo yakanyorwa pasi apa. Iyo yakakodzera iwe inobva pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira iwe kuenda, zvinhu zvauri kuronga pakuita ipapo uye hupenyu hwako kana chimiro.
Mhando imwe neimwe inobatsira, zvipingamupinyi uye zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro. Vana vaduku nevakadzi vane pamuviri vanofanira kunyanya kuchenjerera pakusarudza mishonga yemarariya nekuda kwechikonzero ichi. Kumbira chiremba wako kukupa zano pamusoro peprophylactic inonyatsokodzera zvido zvako.
Malarone
Malarone ndeimwe yezvinodhura zvinorwisa anti-malaria zvinodhaka, asi zvinongoda kutorwa zuva risati rasvika pane marariya, uye kwevhiki imwe mushure mokudzoka kumba. Iine maitiro mashoma emigumisiro uye inowanika muhutano hwevana kuvana; asi, inofanira kutorwa zuva rega rega uye haina ngozi kune vakadzi vane pamuviri kana kuyamwisa.
Chloroquine
Chloroquine inongotorwa vhiki nevhiki (iyo vamwe vafambi vanowana zviri nyore), uye yakachengeteka kuti ishandiswe panguva yekuzvitakura. Zvisinei, inofanirwa kutorwa kwemavhiki mashomanana uye mushure mekufamba rwendo rwako, uye inogona kuwedzera zvimwe zvehutano huripo.
Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeAfrica, utumhu hwave husingawirirani ne chloroquine, zvichizvipa pasina.
Doxycycline
Uyewo kunotorwa zuva rega rega, doxycycline inongoda kutorwa 1-2 mazuva asati ashanyira uye ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa pakurapa marariya. Zvisinei, inofanirwa kutorwa kwevhiki ina mushure mekufamba rwendo rwako, haruna kukodzera vana nevakadzi vane pamuviri, uye inogona kuwedzera photosensitivity, kupa vashandi zvinokonzera kuipa kwezuva.
Mefloquine
Kazhinji zvinotengeswa pasi pezita rokuti Lariam, mefloquine inotorwa vhiki nevhiki uye yakachengeteka kuvakadzi vane pamuviri. Izvo zvisingabhadhari, asi inofanira kutorwa mavhiki maviri isati yasvika uye vhiki ina mushure mekufamba. Vazhinji vashandisi vanogunun'una nezvehope dzakaipa apo pa mefloquine, uye haina ngozi kune avo vane chirwere chekushaya chirwere kana mamiriro epfungwa. Zvirwere zvinogona kunge zvichirwisana neyefloquine kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Pane mitemo yakasiyana yepiritsi imwe neimwe. Iva nechokwadi chekuvatevera nekuchenjerera, uchinyatsocherechedza kuti inguva yakareba sei usati waenda iwe unofanira kutanga kutora mishonga, uye kwenguva yakareba sei unofanira kuramba uchivatora mushure mokudzoka kwako.
Zvidzidzo zvinodzivirira
Prophylactics inokosha nokuti hazvibviri kudzivisa utano hwose hwemumhino, pasinei nokuti uri kushingaira sei. Zvisinei, chinhu chakanaka chekudzivisa kusvimha misodzi chero pazvinenge zvichiita kunyange iwe uri pamishonga, kunyanya sezvo kune dzimwe zvirwere zvinotakurwa mumasikari muAfrica izvo zvisingafukidzwi nema anti-malaria mapiritsi.
Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo dzakawanda upmarket safari dzichipa mambure emumonyo, nguva dzose iri pfungwa yakanaka yekuunza imwe newe. Izvo chiedza, uye zviri nyore kuti zvikwanise kupinda mumutsipa wako. Sarudza imwe yakakonzerwa nemhuka yakadzika, kana kuzvisvibisa iwe neimba yako usiku humwe usati waenda kunorara. Mishonga yeumhutu inobatsira zvikuru uye inopisa kwemaawa masere.
Sarudza pokugara nemafiri uye / kana mhepo yekufema, sezvo kufamba kwemhepo kuchiita kuti zvive nyore kuti mamiko aende uye anoruma. Dzivisa kupfeka mushure mutsva kana mafuta (yakagadzirirwa kutora utsi); uye kupfeka shangu refu uye shati refu-refu mambakwedza uye manheru apo Anopheles menove anoshanda zvikuru.
Malaria Maitiro uye Kuchengetedzwa
Anti-malariya mapiritsi anobata nekuuraya zvirwere zvemalaria pakutanga kwekukura. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo ivo vachidzikisa njodzi yekubata malaria nenzira inonakidza, hapana yeprophylactics yakanyorwa pamusoro apa ine 100% inoshanda. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kuziva zviratidzo zvemarariya, kuitira kuti kana iwe ukabvumirana nazvo, unogona kutsvaga kurapwa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Mune matanho ekutanga, zviratidzo zvemarariya zvinofanana nea "flu". Zvinosanganisira aches nemarwadzo, fivha, misoro uye kusuruvara. Zvakawanda zvipembenene nekufukidzwa zvinotevera, apo hutachiona hweP. falciparum parasite hunokonzera chirrium, kurara uye kuvhiringidzika, zvose izvo zvinoratidza zvirwere zvekushaya marariya. Mhando iyi yemarariya inonyanya kuipa, uye kunyanya kurapwa kwakakosha.
Mamwe mararamiro emarariya (kusanganisira ayo akonzerwa naP. falciparum , P. vivax uye P. ovale parasites) anogona kudzoka panguva dzisina kukwana kwemakore anoverengeka mushure mekutanga kutapukirwa. Zvisinei, marariya inowanzopora 100% inoporesa chero bedzi iwe uchitsvaga kurapwa nokukurumidza uye kupedza nguva yako yemishonga. Kurapa kunosanganisira mishonga yemishonga, iyo inofanirwa nemhando yemarariya yaunayo uye kwawakatora iyo. Kana uri kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yakanyanya kure, iyo pfungwa yakanaka kutora chirwere chakakodzera chemalaria newe.
Nyaya iyi yakarongedzwa naJessica Macdonald musi wa20 February 2018.