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Hondo yeAgincourt - Nhema neChokwadi
Hondo yeAgincourt, yakarwiswa musi waOctober 25, 1415, yakaburutsa munhoroondo seimwe yekukunda kukuru kweChirungu pamusoro peFrance. Yakangotora maawa matanhatu chete asi yakasimudzira zvinyorwa uye nhoroondo. Zvizhinji zveizvi, kune veChirungu zvishoma, dzinouya nerukudzo rweShakespeare uyo mutambo Henry V ishoko rakanaka rekushinga uye chivalry yevaFrench neyeChirungu, kunyange zvazvo chimiro cheChirungu chinouya sepamusoro uye chakanaka zvikuru.
Pasinei nokuti ichokwadi chechokwadi, mitsara yakawanda uye mazwi kubva kutamba iyo akazoshandiswa mukushandiswa. Hondo yacho ichikurira, Henry anotuka pamusoro pemapoka ake ne:
'Zvakare zvakare kune kuputsa, shamwari dzinodiwa, zvakare zvakare;
Kana kuvhara rusvingo pamwe neChirungu chedu chakafa 'Uye zvakadini nezvo: ' Vakwegura vanokanganwa ', kana kunyanya mukurumbira:
' Tiri vashomanana, tinofara vashomanana, isu boka rehama ' rinoenderera mberi
' Nokuti iye nhasi anoteura ropa rake neni
Achava mukoma wangu; ngaave iye wakaipa kwazvo,
Zuva rino richava munyoro mamiriro ake;
Uye vatendi muEngland iye zvino-mubhedha
Vanofunga kuti ivo vakatukwa vakanga vasiri pano,
Uye kubata hukama hwavo huri shoma apo vamwe vanotaura
Izvozvo zvakarwa nesu pamusi weChishanu Crispin . 'Uye vazhinji vedu tinoziva mutambo kuburikidza nemafirimu maviri madiki, rimwe naLaurence Olivier semutungamiri naHenry V uye shanduro yakapfuura naKenneth Branagh seChirungu chechiChirungu.
Iyo Nhau Yakakura
Imyuziyamu inotarisirwa kumhuri uye inopa pfungwa yakanaka yehupenyu hwemauto. Asi yakavhurwa makore gumi nemashanu akapfuura uye mamwe mazviri mumavhidhiyo aunoona anogadzirisa pane zvakanakisisa uye zvakajeka pane zvakaipisisa. Izvo hazviregi kufara kwako, asi zvinotevera chikamu chakare chekare. Heino imwe shanduro yemazuva ano nezvinyorwa zvishomanana zvakaputika.
Chikamu chemakore zana asingaoneki Gondo pakati peChirungu neFrench (1337 kusvika 1453), kurwisana kwakadaro kwakaitika apo Mambo weFrance, Charles VI, ainzi Charles the Mad, akatungamirira nyika isina simba uye yakaparadzana. Matavi maviri emhuri yeumambo, Armagnacs aitsigira Mambo madzimu, uye vapanduki veBurgundi, vakanga varwisana kubva muna 1407 mune zvakakosha hondo yehurumende.
Vechiduku, vatsva uye vasati vasati vashandurwa Lancastrian English King Henry V vakaenda nechikepe kuFrance musi waAugust 1, 1415. Akaenda nevatasviki vanenge 12 000 uye akabudirira kukomba Harfleur. Kukunda kwakabhadhara ivo varume vazhinji; vakapoteredza 9 000 English dzakatarisana nechepakati kuti dzinosangana neFrance nemauto kuAgincourt musi we25 Gunyana. VaFrance vairema varume vanopfuura 12 000 saka nhamba dzacho dzakanga dzisina kunyanya kuvharwa nechechiChirungu sezvinozivikanwa nenyaya dzenhema.
Misiyano pakati pemapoka maviri aya yaiva mukuswedera kwavo kuhondo uye hutungamiri hwemasimba. Mapoka akaparadzana eFrench akatungamirirwa, kwete neavo vasingadi mambo mambo, asi neConstable of France, Charles d'Albret uye nhengo dzakasiyana dzemhuri ye Armagnac. Hondo yeChirungu, iyo yakanga yakanyanyisa kumhanya, yakatungamirirwa nevanozvikudza, vakangwara varwi-mambo.
Mazano emarudzi maviri akanga akasiyana zvikuru. Kune vaFrance, iyi yakanga iri hondo yakarwiwa pamusoro pemitemo yechivalric, nevatasvi vemabhiza vakapindira zvikuru. Mahombekombe makuru ehondo aifanira kutakura machinda avo akazvidzivirira uye magweta, marquesses uye kuverenga muhondo. Asi veChirungu vakanga vadzidza kubva kuhondo dzeC crecy naPoitiers dzinotya vatasvi vemabhiza, asi dzingatyisa kutya mumoyo yevavengi, dzakanga dzisinganzwisisiki, uye dzisinganzwisisiki. Varume-pa-maoko vakanga vakaenzana zvakakosha kune vaFrance uye pfungwa yacho yaive kurwisa hondo yakagadzirirwa. Pakupedzisira munda wacho wakanga uine madota, kwete akakodzera mabhiza ane simba uye mavhiri ehondo.
Nzira yeChirungu yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo. Inenge 20% yeuto reFrance rakagadzirwa nevaveve vanopfura kana vachienzanisa nevanenge 80% yeChirungu. Vazhinji vevanhu 7 000 vechiChiramese vakagadzirira varimi vakanga vakurira kudzidzira kugadzira, ruoko, kuvhomora uye kupisa mabheji akaitwa kubva kuChirungu yew. Vapfuri veFrench vainyanya kutakura zvigadziro - zvombo zvitsvene zvakange zvakagadzirirwa kurwisana nevasingatendi muMisangano, kwete kurwisana nevamwe vaKristu. Crossbows ingave yakange iine simba, asi munguva iyo yaifanira kutakurwa, mhepo uye moto mupfukiti, vaArchers vanogona kutumira pakati pemanomwe neminomwe neminwe muminomwe kunaya mvura kune avo vaipikisana navo.
VaFrance vakanga vane varwi vavo vemabhiza mumutsara wokutanga, nevanopfura mavo mu3rd . Apo hondo yacho yakatanga pa10am, chiChirungu chakatanga kurwa kwavo mapapiro. Vafambi vemabhiza eFrance vakawa, mabhiza anoputika-svetuka, makumbo asingakwanisi kusimuka pasi. Chero zvipi zvaro zvakasungirirwa zvakagadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma zveChirungu zvakatarisana nematanda akapinza zvakanyongedzwa muvhu rakanyorova zvinoreva kuti wechipiri nechechitatu mutsara weFrench aifanira kuvhara pamusoro pehuwandu hwekufa kwekufa kusvika kuChirungu.
IChirungu haina, sezvo shanduro yakakurumbira yeFrench iri nayo, inopisa miseve yavo; vakazviisa pasi pamberi pavo kuitira kuti vadzive nyore nyore kune imwe chete, vasingatauri kuwedzera uroyi hwehutachiona kumaronda avakaita.
Hondo yacho yakaramba iripo kusvika 4pm. Vaya vaisara paFrance vainge vakakomberedza 3 000 kusvika 4 000 uye mazana 400 vakuru veFrench vakaurayiwa. Vakatambura vechiChirungu zvino vanofungidzirwa kuva pakati pe600 ne1000. VaFrance vakarasika vanenge mazana mana, vakuru veChirungu vashoma, kusanganisira Duke weYork uyo akanga aponesa muzukuru wake, Henry V, kubva kuDuke d'Alencon.
French Battle - Welsh Archers
Ndakanga ndiri muBrecon muWales muBrecon Beacons National Park uye ndakapinda mukedheni duku. Vashandi veWelms vaiva vamwe vekunakisisa uye vazhinji vakabva kuBrecon uko pane ibwe rinoshandiswa nevarume kuti varise miseve yavo mangwanani ehondo.
- Agincourt inogona kunge iri chikamu chemazuva matatu mazuva mashoma kubva kuUk kana kuParis.
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Agincourt Museum, Agincourt Battlefield neGendarmes
Iyi Museum inosanganiswa nemuenzaniso weChirungu neFrench, ane mazita evakwikwidzikwi makuru vakaratidzwa pamasvingo sezvaunofamba mukati, pamwe chete nemifananidzo yavo, majasi-e-maoko nenhoo. Extracts kubva kuvanyorori venguva yakaisa chiitiko.
Chiratidziro chinonyanya kufadza mu musimamende ndicho chimiro chikuru chehondo . Zvidhori zviduku, zvinoratidzwa zvakajeka uye zvakajeka pamifananidzo yakarurama, kuratidza nzvimbo dzemauto masikati ekurwa kwehondo - chiChirungu panzvimbo yakakwirira uye yakachengetedzwa nemiti kumativi ose maviri; vaFrance vaipararira mukubwinya kwavo kwose kune rumwe rutivi.
Chikamu chinotevera chine zvikamu zvitatu zvekuona mavhidhiyo, kutanga nemifananidzo mbiri, Henry V uye mutungamiriri weFrance, vachipa pfungwa dzavo mangwanani ehondo. Chechitatu chikamu chinotsanangura zvishoma pamusoro pehondo yacho pachako, kunyange zvisiri nguva dzose.
Enda kumusoro kune chikamu chinonyanya kukosha kumhuri nekuisa pfungwa pane zvombo, maoko uye zvombo zvemauto. Iwe unogona kuona zvombo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa, zvichengetedze (zvinoshamisa zvakanyanya uye zvisingaverengeki), ona kuti simba rakadii raunoda kudzosera tambo yehobhokeri nezvimwe.
VaGendarmes neHondo yeAgincourt
Chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika chakasimudzirwa mugore rino rechitanhatu rekupemberera gore iro nhoroondo ye gendarmerie. Iwe uchasangana nemapurisa mune yiri yunifomu yeruvara rwebhuruu uye zvikoti kana iwe uchifamba uchienda kuFrance; ivo ndivo vanoita mapurisa mumigwagwa uye kumaruwa. Asi ivo, nenzira inoshamisa, bazi reuto uye kwete mapurisa ehurumende.
Gendarmery yakatanga seshoko remambo, Maréchaussée de France , pakutanga raida kuva mapurisa ehondo, kuchengetedza varwi mukutarisa uye kuvadzivisa kupamba pashure pehondo.
Vakarwa muhondo yeAgincourt pasi pemutungamiriri wavo, va Prévôt des Maréchaux (Provost yemapurisa), Gallois de Fougières. Aine makore makumi matanhatu apo akarwisana uye akafa paAgincourt, akanga aenda kubva kumusha kwake weBerry paKrestasi muna 1396, ndokuenda kuItaly muna 1410. Achifunga kuti mutungamiriri wekutanga akaurayiwa muhondo, masaga ake akawanikwa muchechi iri pedyo yeAngchy -lès-Hesdin pamwe chete nedzimwe makambani emunguva iyoyo kusanganisira Admiral of France. Mapfupa ake akatorwa kuVersailles uye akavigwa pasi pechitsuwa che gendarmerie muVersailles.
Hondo yeAgincourt
Nhasi kune masango akarimwa makore 600 apfuura apfuri veFrance vakadzvinyirira uye varimi veChirungu vakabudisa miseve yavo inouraya. The Center ichakupa mapeji ekufambisa zvakapoteredza maonero akasiyana-siyana asi zvinotora feat zvikuru kwazvo yepfungwa yekufungidzira nzvimbo.
Kune guva revanhu vazhinji pane imwe nzvimbo pedyo nehondo yezviuru zvezviviri, vazhinji vavo vakaputirwa zvakakwana nevashambadzi veko usiku huno mushure mehondo, ichivigwa. Asi musamuziyamu uye zviremera zvomunharaunda vanotya kuti kana vakasunungura nzvimbo chaiyo, nzvimbo yacho ichange ichideredzwa nevatsvaga vanoshingaira vane detectors esimbi. Nokudaro ikozvino, vakafa vanoramba vari norugare panyika.
Asi kufanana nemamwe nzvimbo, kune imwe manzwiro kumamiriro ezvinhu; pfungwa yokuti chimwe chinhu chakakura chakaitika pano munharaunda yekumaruwa yeFrance.
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The Agincourt Museum, Zvakavakidzana Zvitsva uye Hotels
Centre Historique Medieval
24 rue Charles VI
62310 Azincourt
Nhare: 00 33 (0) 3 21 47 27 53
WebsiteVhura Apr-Oct zuva rega rega 10 am-6pm
Nov-March zuva rega kunze kweChipiri mairi kusvika pa5pmKubvuma munhu mukuru 7.50 euro; 5 kusvika ku16 makore 5 euro; mhuri yemari (2 vakuru + 2 vana) 20 euro.
Pane zvirongwa zvakakura zvekudzorera zvakare muNyuziyamu neyo nguva yakatarwa yekuvhara muna Gumiguru 2016 uye kuzarura zvakare muna spring 2017.
Hondo Yenyika I muNor-Pas de Calais
- Kurwisana kweHondo Yenyika I Nhandare yeHondo uye Nyeuchidzo muNorth France
- Wilfred Owen Memorial muOrs, North France
- The Wellington Quarry muArras
Kuenda kuFrance neFerry
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pekuyambukira kuEurope, ona chinyorwa changu pamusoro peFerries kubva kuUnited States .