Nzira Sei uye Nemhaka Yei Mugwagwa weSiriki Wakazarurwa muChina Yakare
Ndinoda kutarisa pakutanga kwechinyorwa ichi icho chinyorwa chemashoko aya ndechokuti Peter Hopkirk anonyanya kukoshesa maDhiyabhorosi ari kunze kweSirk Road iyo inotsanangura nhoroondo yeSirik Road pamwe nekufukura kwezvokuchera matongo nzvimbo dzekuvigwa (uye kupamba kwakapambwa kwezvinhu zvekare) pamwe nemigwagwa yekare yezvekutengeserana nevanotsvakurudza vemazana makumi maviri nemakumi maviri vekuWest Western. Ndakashandura vanhu uye mazita mazita kunzvimbo yakagamuchirwa iye zvino (Hanyu Pinyin).
Nhanganyaya
Iniwo ndinoda kutsanangura kuti nei zvakakosha kune vashanyi kuChina, kunyanya kumadokero - iyo nzvimbo kubva kuSifundai cheShaxi kusvika kuPuritan Xinjiang, kunzwisisa nyaya iyi. Chero ani zvake anofamba kumadokero kusvika kumaChina pasina mubvunzo kana ari oga kana kuti zvishoma, zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kurongeka, paSirik Road tour. Tsvaga iwe muHi'an uye iwe umire pane guta rekare reChangan, imba yeHan Dynasty guta iyo madzimambo ane basa rekuzarura migwagwa yekare yezvokutengeserana uyewo kumusha weTang Dynasty pasi " "hutengesheni, mafambiro uye kugoverana kwemitemo uye pfungwa dzakabudirira. Endai kumapango ekare eMogao muDunhuang uye uri kuongorora nzvimbo yekare yeoasis iyo yakashamwaridzana nekutengeserana kwete basa rega asiwo munharaunda inobudirira yeBuddha. Enda kumadokero kumadokero kubva kuDunhuang uye iwe uchapfuura Yumenguan (玉门关), Gedhi reJade, gedhi rega rega rekare reSirik Road vaifamba nenzira yake kumadokero kana kumabvazuva .
Kunzwisisa Sirika Nhoroondo yemugwagwa inongova yekunakidzwa kwekufamba kwemazuva ano. Sei izvi zvose zviri pano? Zvakaitika sei? Inotanga na Han Han Dynasty Emperor Wudi uye mutumwa wake Zhang Qian.
Han Dynasty Troubles
Munguva yeHan Dynasty, varwi vayo vaiva maZimbabwe anonzi Xiongnu anogara kune imwe nyika kuchamhembe kweHan ane guta guru rinonzi Chang'an (ikozvino Xi'an).
Vaigara mune izvo zvino zviri muMongolia uye vakatanga kuparadza vaChina munguva yeHondo States Period (476-206BC) zvichiita kuti mambo wekutanga Qin Huangdi (weTerracotta Warrior Fame) atange kuumbwa kwezvino yava Great Wall. The Han yakaramba yakasimba uye yakawedzera rusvingo urwu.
Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mamwe magwaro anoti Xiongnu inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo inotangira veHuns - vhudzi veEurope - asi hazvisizvo zvakashata. Zvisinei, mutungamiri wedu wekune muLanzhou akataura nezvehutano uye akadana Xiongnu "Hun People" yekare.
Wudi Anotsvaga Kubatana
Kuti apedzisire kurwiswa, Emperor Wudi akatumira Zhang Qian kumadokero kuti atsvake hukama nevanhu vakange vakundwa neHiongnu ndokudzingwa kunze kweTatakakan Desert. Vanhu ava vainzi Yuezhi.
Zhang Qian yakabuda mu 138BC nekambani yevarume zana asi yakatorwa ne Xiongnu muGansu yanhasi uye yakabatwa kwemakore gumi. Akazopukunyuka nevarume vashomanana ndokuenda munharaunda yeYuezhi chete kuti adziwe pasi sezvo Yuezhi ainge agadzikana achifara uye aida kuti hapana chikamu chokuzvitsivira ivo ku Xiongnu.
Zhang Qian akadzoka kuWudi neyemumwe wevaimbova shamwari dzake zana asi akaremekedzwa nemambo uye nedare nekuda kweku 1) kudzoka, 2) geographical intelligence yaakanga aunganidza uye 3) zvipo zvaakadzosa (akatengesa silika kune vamwe vaChihihi mhou yega saizvozvo iko kutanga kuputika kwesiriki muRome uye "kufadza dare" nemazai akadai !!)
Mhinduro dzeZhang Qian's Intelligence Kuunganidza
Nenzira yekufamba kwake, Zhang Qian akaunza China kune humwe humwe ushe kumadokero kwavakange varipo kusvika panguva iyoyo musingazivi. Izvi zvaisanganisira Umambo hwaFergana uyo mabhiza eHan China aizotsvaka uye pakupedzisira akabudirira kuwana Samarkand, Bokhara, Balkh, Persia, uye Li-Jian (Rome).
Zhang Qian akadzoka achitaura nezve "mabhiza okudenga" aFergana. Wudi, kunzwisisa simba remauto ekuva nemhuka dzakadaro mumabhiza ake akatasva mabhiza akatumira mapoka akawanda kuna Fergana kutenga / kutora mabhiza kudzokera kuChina.
Kunyanya kukosha kwebhiza kwakazobatana muHan Dynasty art sezvinogona kuonekwa muHondo Flying yeGansu mifananidzo (ikozvino inoratidzwa paGansu Provincial Museum ).
Mugwagwa weSirik Unotanga
Kubva panguva yaWudi mberi, maChina anochengetedzwa uye akachengetedzwa migwagwa kuburikidza nevekumadokero kweminda yekutengesa zvinhu neumambo kumadokero.
Yese yekutengeserana yakapfuura neHan-yakavakwa Yumenguan (玉门关), kana Gedhi reJade. Vanoisa mapurisa mumataundi emapurisa uye makamera emakamera uye vatengesi vakatanga kutora silika, makeramic, uye furs kumadokero kune Taklamakan Desert uye pakupedzisira kuEurope apo goridhe, machira, michina uye mabwe anokosha akaenda kumabvazuva kuChina. Zviri pachena kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakatengeswa kuti zviuye pamusoro peSirk Road yaiva Buddhism sezvo ichipararira kuburikidza neChina nenzira iyi inokosha.
Kwakange kusina Siriki imwe chete yemugwagwa - mutsara unoreva nzira dzakawanda dzakatevera maguta easisis uye makaraira kunze kweGedhi reJade uye nechokumaodzanyemba nekumaodzanyemba kwakapoteredza Taklamakan. Paiva nemigwagwa yakatora mabhizimisi kuBalkh (nhasi maAfghanistan) uye kuBombay kuburikidza neKarakoram Pass.
Kwemakore 1 500 akatevera, kusvikira Ming emperors akavhara kusangana kwose nevatorwa, Sirik Road yaizoona ichikwira uye inowira kukosha sezvo simba rechiChinese rakagadziriswa uye rakasununguka uye rinopa simba kuChina kumadokero rakawana kana kupera simba. Inowanzofungidzirwa kuti Tang Dynasty (618-907AD) yakaona nguva yegoridhe yehudziro uye yekutengeserana kwebhizimisi pamusoro peSirk Road.
Zhang Qian airemekedzwa neHan Court seThe Great Traveler uye anogona kunzi Baba veSirik Road.