Pakati pemhuka dzose dzinofamba muSafrica, bhino hapana mubvunzo chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza zvikuru. Zvichida ndiyo pfungwa inonzwisiswa yesimba inotungamirirwa nehupenyu hwavo hwepamberi; kana kuti zvimwe ndeyechokwadi kuti pasinei nehukuru hwavo, mabhinhire anokwanisa kufamba neshamwari dzinoshamisa. Zvinosuruvarisa, kupera kwemazuva mashoma kwehupfu hunoparadzanisa rutivi rwavo rwakaita kuti zviitike kuti chero chine simba rekuita kwavo, zvizvarwa zvehupenyu husingaperi hazvingambofi zvakasangana nazvo.
The History of Poaching
Makore makumi mashanu apfuura, machena uye mashizha makuru aive mazhinji muAfrica yeSouth Africa. Kuvhima zvisina kukodzera nevekuEurope vanogara vakaona nhamba yavo ichiderera zvikuru; asi yakanga isati yasvika kuma1970 nema80s apo kutyisa kwemakumbo kwenyanga dzavo kwakava nyaya chaiye. Chirongwa cherunyanga rwehwamanda chakanga chakaoma zvikuru zvokuti 96% emashira madema akaurawa pakati pe1970 ne1992, asi mahombe machena akanga achivhimwa kusvika zvakadai kuti kwechinguva chiduku, vaifungidzirwa kuti havana kupera.
Mune imwe yepamusoro-soro yekuchengetedza nyaya dzekubudirira munguva yedu, kuedza kuchengetedza rhino kubva pakugoverwa kumapepanhau emagumisiro kwakaguma nekudzoka kwevanhu vavo. Nhasi, inofungidzirwa kuti pane makumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri emakungu mahena uye mabhiri mazana mashanu akasiiwa ari musango. Zvisinei, kubva pakati pemakore ekuma2000, kudiwa kwehwamanda yehhino kwakawedzera, uye muna 2008 poaching yakava nematambudziko akawanda zvakare.
Somugumisiro, ramangwana rezvipenyu zvose zviri kusina chokwadi.
Zvishandiswa zveRhinino Horn
Nhasi, zvose zvidema nehombodo zvinodzivirirwa neChipatimendi cheMarudzi Ekutengeserana muEnguva Dzakashata dzeMhuka dzeFauna neForora (CITES). Kushandiswa kwemahombekombe munyika dzakawanda kana zvikamu zvavo hazvibvumirwi nemutemo, kunze kwemashizha machena kubva kuSwaziland neSouth Africa, izvo zvinogona kutengeswa nemvumo pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
Zvisinei, pasinei nemitemo yeCITES, runyanga rhino yave yakagadzirisa zvokuti vaparidzi vanoda kuisa zvinhu zvose pangozi kuti vashandise mune zvemhizha.
Rino poaching iripo nekuda kwekudiwa kwemigodhi yehwamanda munyika dzeAsia dzakadai seChina neVietnam. Nenzira, runyanga rwehwamanda yakakoswa inoshandiswa munyika idzi sechinhu chinoshandiswa mumishonga inoshandiswa kurapa mhando dzakasiyana-siyana-pasinei nokuti haina chirongwa chekurapa chinoratidzwa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvakadaro, mutengo wakakanganiswa wehwamanda yehwamanda wakabvumira kuti uchatengwa uye unopedzwa zvikuru sechiratidzo chemamiriro uye pfuma.
Chimwe chidzidzo cheUnited States, Dalberg, chakafungidzira kukosha kwehwamanda yehwamanda pa $ 60,000 / kilo, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha pamusika wakasviba kupfuura daimondi kana cocaine. Iyi nhamba inoshamisa yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mumakore gumi apfuura, uye kukosha kwehuwandu hwehwamanda rhino inofungidzirwa pa $ 760 kumashure muna 2006. Sezvo poaching inoderedza huwandu hwehhino huno, kushayikwa kwechigadzirwa kunoita kuti zvive zvinokosha, zvichiwedzera iyo inokurudzira kuisa pamba pakutanga.
A New Poaching Era
Izvo zvinoshamisa zvemari iri pangozi yakashandura poaching kune imwe nzvimbo yebhizimisi inofananidzwa nemishonga kana zvekutengesa zvombo.
Kuita zvikwata zvemapurisa zvinotungamirirwa nehurumende dzakarongeka, dzakatsigira mari uye kuona mabhinhire sechinhu chinofanira kushandiswa utsinye. Somugumisiro, nzira dzekudzivirira dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera uye dzakanyanyisa, dzinosanganisira magetsi ekugadzirwa kwema GPS sekushandisa GPS nekuona masikati. A
Iyi nzira itsva yehutachiona inoita kuti zviwedzere kuoma (uye zvinotyisa) zvekudzivirira kupararira kwemapurisa kuitira kuchengetedza zvakasimba mabhinhi akasara. Kuita izvi, mapurisa anofanirwa kutarisira apo vaparidzi vacharamba vachitevera-basa rinenge risingaitiki rinofunga nezvekukura kwemahara uye nzvimbo dzakachengetwa mahinhi. Izvi zvinoitwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nehukuru hwehuori, pamwe nemashizha achishandisa upfumi hwavo kubhadhara vakuru mukati memapaki uye kumatunhu akakwirira ehurumende kuti awane ruzivo.
Nhamba dzekudzingwa
MuSouth Africa chete, nhamba yemhino inowedzerwa gore negore yakawedzera ne 9 000% kubvira muna 2007. Muna 2007, mabhinki gumi nemaviri akabatanidzwa mukati memiganhu yenyika; muna 2014, iyo nhamba yakasimuka kusvika 1 215. South Africa inotarisana nehuwandu hwenyika inosara mabhinhi, uye saizvozvo yakakonzera kushungurudzika kwekuita zvekukuvadza mumakore achangopfuura. Zvisinei, nyika dzakapoteredza dziri mumatambudziko. MuNamibia, mabhinki maviri akabatanidzwa muna 2012; apo makumi masere makumi matatu akaurayiwa muna 2015.
Kuparadzana uku ndiko kunokonzerwa nemigumisiro yakafanana neyiyi inoratidzirwa nekuguma kweWestern black rhino, subspecies yakaziviswa zvisiri pamutemo muna 2011. Maererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), chikonzero chikuru che subspecies ' kunyangarika kwaiva kuparadza. Nzvimbo dzemaodzanyemba dzemaodzanyemba dzinotaridzirwa kuti dzinotambura zvakafanana, uye vanhu vatatu chete vakasiyiwa. Izvo zvakabatana zvakanyanya nekuberekwa zvakasununguka uye zvinochengetwa pasi pevarindi makumi maviri nemaviri.
Kukosha kweRhinos
Kune zvikonzero zvizhinji zvekurwira ramangwana rehhinos zvasara kwatiri, kwete zvishoma ndezvokuti ndizvo zvatinosungirwa kuita. Hhinos ndiwo mugumisi wemakore emamiriyoni makumi mana ekushanduka-shanduka uye zvakanyatsogadziriswa kune zvakatipoteredza. Vanochengetedza savanna yeAfrica nekudya kusvika kune 65 kilos yemiti zuva rimwe nerimwe uye inonyanya kukosha kwezvisikwa zvipenyu zvinogara mavari. Kana zvikapera, dzimwe mhuka dzese muzvokudya zvekudya zvingasanganiswa zvakare.
Vanewo mari yakawanda. Sezvimwe chikamu cheBal Five chekuAfrica , vane basa rekuita mamiriyoni emadhora emari kuburikidza nekushanyirwa; imwe yeruzhinji inogona kubatsira vanhu vakawanda kupfuura zvishoma zvishoma zvakatsigirwa nehupfu. Kuita kuti hutano hwemunharaunda hubatsirwe kubva pamari inokonzerwa neEco-tourism chikamu chinokosha chekusimudzira kuchengetedza rhino panzvimbo yepamusoro.
Kurwisa Kuchinja
Dambudziko rehuhino poaching rakaoma, uye hapana mhinduro imwe chete. Vakawanda vakambotaurwa, chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine zvikamu zvayo zvezvipo uye zvisiri izvo. Semuenzaniso, makambani akawanda eUnited States ari kuedza kukudziridza runyanga rhino rhino sechinzvimbo chechinhu chaiye; nepo South Africa yakaratidza kuti kune imwechete yekutengeswa kwehwamanda yakachengetwa senzira yekufambisa pamusika, nokudaro kuderedza kukosha kwehwamanda nekuita kuti isanyanya kufadza vanyori.
Zvisinei, nekutora runyanga rhino marcheni, zvose izvi zvinogadzirisa dambudziko rekutsvaga dambudziko rekugadzirisa kuburikidza nekupfuurira chido chechigadzirwa. Dzimwe mazano anosanganisira kutyisa nyanga dzemhino kuitira kuti dzirege kuitika, uye kuvhara nyanga kubva kune mabhinhi kuitira kuti vasazova chinangwa. Dehorning akaona kumwe kubudirira, kunyange zvazvo kuchikosha zvikuru. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vaparidzi vanouraya rhino isina runyararo zvakadaro kuti varege kupedza nguva nekutsvaga nenzira yakaipa zvakare.
Zvinonyanya kukosha, kuisa pasi kunoda kubatanidzwa kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana. Mari dzinoda kumutswa kuti dzibvumire kupfurikidza nekurwisa kushandiswa kwemapurisa, asi kushandiswa kwemitemo ndiko kunokosha pakupedza huori. Zvirongwa zvekudzidziswa kwehutsika uye zvigadziro zvemari zvinogona kubatsira kukunda kutsigirwa kwevanhu vanogara vari pamucheto wemapaki emitambo uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza kuitira kuti vasazoedzwa kuti vasvike kuponesa. Pamusoro pezvose, kuburikidza nokusimudza muAsia, zvinotarisirwa kuti kudiwa kwehwamanda yehhino rimwe zuva rinogona kumiswa kamwe chete.
Kuti uwane kuti iwe ungabatsira sei, shanyira Save the Rhino, mutsigiri wepasi rose unoshanda mukuchengetedza kwezvinhu zvishanu zvese zvenyika.