Mutungamiri weMushanyi weSt. Peter's Basilica muVatican City
Seimwe yemakereke anokosha ekutenda kweKaturike uye yechipiri-kereke huru munyika yose, Saint Peter's Basilica ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzokuona muVatican City uye muRoma yose. Nechitsiko chayo chinonakidza, chinzvimbo chikuru cheguta reRoma, uye mukati mekunaka, Saint Peter's, pasina mubvunzo, anofadza kuziso. Kune vakawanda, ndicho chinhu chakashamisa chekushanyira kuRoma, uye nechikonzero chakanaka.
Zvose zviri mukati uye mukati mechechi zvakagadzirirwa kukurira, uye vanobudirira mukuita saizvozvo. Iyo Piazza San Pietro (St. Peter's Square) yakaita seyakura, yakashongedzerwa semasvingo, inoshumira sepamusoro-soro kumusasa mukuru, uye zvigadziro zvayo zvinokura uye zvinyorwa zvakajeka marble, marombo, maziso uye zvishongedzero zvakashongedzwa pane imwe nguva.
Chechi inotora mamiriyoni evashanyi gore rega rega, kusanganisira avo vanoswededzwa nekuda kwechitendero pamwe nevaya vanofarira nhoroondo yezvakaitika, unyanzvi uye zvekuvaka. Ichowo nzvimbo yekuzorora yevamwe vaimbova mapapa kusanganisira John Paul II naStatu Petro, papa wechiKristudhomu uye muvambi weChechi yeKaturike.
Vatendi vanofambisawo kuna Saint Peter panguva dzezororo dzechitendero, dzakadai saKrisimasi neIsita, sezvo papa anoita masangano anokosha muchechi panguva iyi. Anopa zvikomborero paKrisimasi neIsita, pamwe nechikomborero chake chekutanga paanosarudzwa, kubva mubhandi yepakati pewindo pamusoro pemasuo kusvika kune atrium.
Saint Peter muRoma
Dzidziso dzechiKristu dzinoti Petro aiva mubati wehove kubva kuGarirea akazova umwe weVaapositori vaKristu uye akaramba achisimudza dzidziso dzaJesu mushure mekufa kwake nekurovererwa. Petro, pamwe neApostora Pauro, akaenda kuRoma ndokuvaka ungano yevateveri vaKristu.
Kutya kutambudzwa nekuda kwezvidzidziso zvake, Petro akati aitiza Roma, chete kuti awane chiratidzo chaJesu sezvaakanga achibuda kunze kweguta. Izvi zvakamuvimbisa kuti adzokere kuRoma uye anotarisana nekufira kwake kusingadzivisiki. Vose Petro naPauro vakaurayiwa nehurongwa hweMambo weRoma Nero, imwe nguva mushure meMoto Mukuru weRoma muna 64 AD asi pamberi pekufa kwaNero nekuzviuraya muna 68 AD. Mutsvene Petro akarovererwa pamuchinjikwa, achizviti pachake achikumbira.
Petro akafira muCycus of Nero, nzvimbo yekutamba uye mitambo kurutivi rwamavirazuva rweTiber River. Akavigwa pedyo, mumakuva akashandiswa kuvaKristu vafira kutenda. Guva rake rakazova nzvimbo yekunamatira, pamwe nemamwe maKristu akave akavakwa nepamusoro payo, sezvo vakatendeka vaitsvaga kuti vabatanidzwe pedyo neChishanu Petro. Kune vaKaturike, basa raPetro semuApostora, uye dzidziso dzake nekufira muRoma zvakamutora musoro weBhishopi wekutanga weRoma, kana kuti Papa wekutanga weKaturike.
Holy Peter's Basilica History
Muzana ramakore rechina, Emperor Constantine, mambo weRoma wokutanga weRoma, akatarisira kuvaka kwechechi pane nzvimbo yekuviga yaStatu Petro. Iye zvino anonzi "Old Saint Peter's Basilica", kereke iyi yakamira kwemakore anopfuura 1 000 uye yaiva nzvimbo yekuviga inenge papa pese, kubva kuna Petro pachake kusvika kune mapapa ema1400s.
Mune mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekusavhiringidzwa nezana remakore rechi15, kereke yakagadzirirwa ruzhinji rwekugadziriswa pasi pepapa dzakasiyana dzakasiyana. Apo Papa Julius II, uyo akatonga kubva muna 1503 kusvika muna 1513, akatora kuongorora kugadziridza, akada kuita sangano guru pane zvose zvechiKristudhomu. Akanga ane chechi yepakutanga yezana remakore rechina akaparadza uye akarayira kuvakwa kwechidiki chechivande chinoshamisa, panzvimbo yakanaka.
Bramante akaita zvirongwa zvekutanga zve dome guru reSt. Peter's. Akafuridzirwa nedome rePantheon, chirongwa chake chakadanirwa kumuchinjikwa wechiGiriki (ane maoko 4 akaenzana urefu) achitsigira dome. Mushure mokunge Julius II afa muna 1513, muimbi Rafafa akaiswa mutariri wekugadzira. Achishandisa chimiro chemuchinjikwa wechiLatini, zvirongwa zvake zvakaratidza neve (iyo chikamu apo vanamati vanounganidza) uye vakawedzera madiki mashepi kune rumwe rutivi rwayo.
Raphael akafa muna 1520, uye kukakavadzana kwakasiyana-siyana muRome uye penitalia yeItaly kwakaderedza kufambira mberi kwechechi. Pakupedzisira, muna 1547, Papa Paul III akaisa Michelangelo, atofunga kuti nyanzvi yezvigadziri uye muimbi, kuti apedze basa racho. Shanduro yake yakashandiswa neBramante yepakutanga yeGreek plan plan, uye inosanganisira dome yakawanda, iyo inoramba iine huru munyika yose uye imwe yezvakanakisisa zvikuru zvekuvakwa kwema Renaissance.
Michelangelo akafa muna 1564, purojekiti yake yakangopera zvishoma. Vanotevera vashanduri vakakudza mazano ake kuti apedzise dome. Nzvimbo yakakoswa neve, chivako uye portico (iyo yakavharwa mukati) yaiva zvipo zveCarlo Maderno, pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaPapa Paul V. Kuvaka kwe "New Saint Peter" -chifundisi chatinoona nhasi-chakapedzwa muna 1626, kupfuura Makore 120 mushure mokutanga kwayo.
Imwe Chetatu Petro ndiyo Chechi Inonyanya Kukosha muRoma?
Nepo vazhinji vachifunga nezveChishanu Petro saamai vekereke yeKaturike, kusiyana kwakadaro ndekweSaint John Lateran (Basilica di San Giovanni muErenano), kereke yeChishopi yeRoma (Papa) uye naizvozvo chechi yakatsaurwa zvikuru yevaRoma Katurike . Asi nekuda kwezvakaitika, zvinyorwa, pedyo nePapa yekugara muVatican City uye nekukura kwayo, Saint Peter ndiyo kereke inokwezva mapoka evashanyi uye akatendeka. Mukuwedzera kuneChishanu Petro uye Saint John Lateran, imwe 2 Mapepa eChechi muRome ndiyo Basilica yeSanta Maria Maggiore uye Saint Paul kunze kweMadziro .
Pfungwa Hurukushanyira kuChishanu Petro
Kuongorora guva rega rega uye chivigiro, verenga zvinyorwa zvose (uchifunga kuti unogona kuverenga chiLatini), uye uchiyemura zvinhu zvose zvekutendeseka zvakanyanya muSt Peter's zvinotora mazuva, kana zvisati vhiki. Kana iwe uine maawa mashomanana chete kuti uzvipe kushanyira, tarisa zvinhu izvi zvinokosha:
- The Nave. Paunopinda muchechi, iwe uchashamiswa nezviyero zveveve, iyo refu, chikamu chikuru chechechi yepamusoro apo vanamati vanogara panguva yekuwanda. Yakareba mamita mazana matanhatu (inenge yakareba urefu hwematambo ebhora 2) uye anenge anenge mamita makumi mashanu paupamhi, uye yakanyongedzwa zvakanyanya pamativi ese.
- The Pieta. Kuratidza Dhavhidhi semifananidzo yakakurumbira yaMichelangelo, iyi inoratidzirwa yaMaria inobata mutumbi wevakafa Kristu uri muchitendero chekutanga pazvakarurama, paunopinda muchechi. Mufananidzo wacho akaveza basa racho paaiva nemakore makumi maviri nemana chete.
- Bronze Statue yaSt. Peter. Pedyo nebhokisi rakarurama, kana kutsigirwa kwakasimba kwet transept, inomira chifananidzo chebhuroni cheStatu Petro, chaifungidzirwa kusvika kune ma 1200s. Rutsoka rwake rworudyi rwave ruchipenya uye runyoro nemazana emakore evanamati vanotsvoda kana kunyange kutsvoda iyo sezvavanopfuura.
- The Baldacchino. Nzvimbo huru yekodhi, basa remuvezi uye muumbi wezvivako Gian Lorenzo Bernini, rakagadzirwa kubva kune bendarira rakatorwa kubva kuPantheon. Inoputira aritari huru, iyo pape chete inobvumirwa kutaura mashoma. Atari inovakirwa pamusoro peguva raSaint Peter, uye ndiyo inomiririra uye yemweya mwoyo wechechi.
- The Dome. Yakapetwa nemapuranga makumi matanhatu uye yakanyorwa netsamba yakareba mamita matanhatu, dome raMichelangelo, raasina kumboona rakapedzwa, rinenge mazana mana mamita kubva kure kubva pasi rayo kusvika kumagetsi aro, kana kuti chikwata.
- Chinyorwa chaAlexander VII. Pakati pemakuva makuru emuPapa muSt. Peter's, chivako chaBernini chaPapa Alexander VII ndicho chinonyanya kunetsa. Mumwe mupapa anonyengeterera apo chimiro chechifu chekufa chinobuda kubva pasi penguvo yakavezwa kubva jasper ibwe. Anobata hourglass, sechiyeuchidzo kuna papa (uye kune vanoona) kuti nguva yake yapfuura.
- Sacristry uye Treasury Museum. Kuti uone zvimwe zvepfuma zhinji dzeVatican, kusanganisira mitambo, zvipfeko zvepapa (zvipfeko), zvishongo uye zvigaro, zvinoshanyira Sacristry uye Treasury Museum. Inodhura 5 euro kuvanhu vakuru uye 3 euro kune vana 12 uye pasi.
- Vatican Grottoes. Sezvaunobuda musasa, tevera zviratidzo zveVatican Grottoes neCupola (dome). Pasi pevhu rakagadzirwa nemakuva emapapa, kusanganisira John Paul II. Aritari yakashongedzwa yakavakwa yakavakirwa pane izvo zvinoonekwa seguva raSaint Peter. Iko aritari huru uye baldacchino iri pamusoro peiyo nzvimbo. Kupindira kumagodha kune rusununguko.
- Kukwidza kuCupola. Kana uchinzwa uine simba, unogona kukwira matanho 551 (kana kungo 320 chete kana iwe ukatora chikamu chefambisi nzira) kumakumbo, kana kuti pamusoro peDheart Peter's, kuti uwane mubayiro unoshamisa weRoma. Inotora 8 euro kana iwe ukatora elefisi kana 6 euro kana iwe ukakwira nenzira yose.
Saint Peter's Basilica Kutarisa Mashoko
Kunyange kana pasina vateereri vemapapa kana zvimwe zviitiko zvakakosha zvichiitika, kereke yacho inogara ichizara. Nguva yakanakisisa yekushanyira pasina mapoka evanhu inowanzova mangwanani-ngwanani, kubva pa7 kusvika 9 am.
Ruzivo: Kereke yacho inotanga muna 7 am uye inovhara pa7: 00 mashizha uye 6:30 masikati munguva yechando. Iwe usati waenda, chinhu chakanaka chekutarisa nzvimbo yaSt. Peter's Basilica yemaawa ano uye mamwe mashoko.
Nzvimbo: Piazza San Pietro ( Saint Peter Square ). Kuti usvike nezvifambiso zvepaguru, tora Metropolitana Line A kuenda kuOttaviano "San Pietro".
Kubvumirwa: Kwakasununguka kupinda muchechi neyemapuranga, nemari (ona pamusoro) ye sacristry uye mari yekusungiriramu museum, uye kukwira kuchikombe. Iyo yakaputika yakavhurika kubva 8am kusvika 6 dzemasikati Kubvumbi kusvika munaSeptember, uye kusvika 4:45 masikati kusvika munaMarch. Iyo sacristry uye treasure museum yakasununguka kubva 9 am kusvika 6:15 pm Kubva kusvika munaSeptember uye kusvika 5:15 masikati Kubvumbi kusvika March.
Kodheji yekubwinya: Vashanyi vasina kupfekedzwa mupfeko yakakodzera havazobvumirwi kupinda muchechi. Rega kupfekedza zvidzitiro, zvipfeko zviduku, kana shati dzisina maoko kana iwe unoshanyira Saint Peter uye / kana kuunza shawl kana chimwe chivharo. Mitemo iyo inofamba kune vose vashanyi, varume kana vakadzi.
Chii Chingaona Pedyo neSt. Peter's Basilica
Vashanyi vanowanzoshanyira Saint Peter's Basilica uye Vatican Museums , kusanganisira Sistine Chapel , musi iwoyo. Castel Sant'Angelo , panguva dzakasiyana-siyana munhau mausoleum, nhare, jeri uye ikozvino, musamuziyamu, iri pedyo neVatican City.