Kubvira panguva yekare kusvika kune zuva ranhasi
Kubudirira kwevaMaya kwaiva imwe yenyika dzakakura kuti dzikure muMesoamerica yekare. Inozivikanwa nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvayo zvakanyora, nhamba uye makarani, pamwe chete neunyanzvi hwahwo hunoshamisa uye mapurani. VaMaya tsika vanogara munzvimbo imwechete iyo hupfumi hwayo hwakatanga kutanga, murutivi rwekumaodzanyemba kweMexico uye chikamu cheCentral America, uye kune mamiriyoni evanhu vanotaura mitauro yeMayan (iyo yakawanda).
Wakare Maya
VaMaya vaigara munzvimbo yakakura kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweMexico uye Central Central America yeGuatemala, Belize, Honduras neEl Salvador. Chimiro cheMayan chakatanga kukura muPanguva yeChikoro, munenge muna 1000 BCE. uye yakanga iri panguva yayo iri pakati pe300 ne 900 CE. VaMaya vekare vanonyatsozivikanwa nokuda kwekunyora kwavo, iyo chikamu chikuru chinogona kuverengwa zvino (chaive chechikamu chikuru chakazopera muhafu yepiri yezana remakore rechi20), pamwe chete nepamusoro pemathematics avo, astronomy uye calendrical calculations.
Pasinei nekugovana nhoroondo yakafanana uye dzimwe tsika, tsika dzekare dzeMaya dzakanga dzakasiyana kwazvo, zvikurukuru nekuda kwehuwandu hwemamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza uye zvakasikwa.
Tarisa mepu yenzvimbo yeMaya.
Maya Kunyora
VaMaya vakaronga hurongwa hwekunyora hwakawanda hwakanga hwakanyatsotariswa muma1980. Izvi zvisati zvamboitika, vazhinji vanochera matongo vakafunga kuti kunyora kwaMaya kwakabata zvakanyatsorongeka nemitambo yezuva necheredzi, iyo yakapindirana-pamwe-nehana yokuti maMaas aiva nerunyararo, vanoongorora nyanzvi.
Apo maMayan glyfu akazopedzisira apera zvakajeka kuti vaMaya vaifarira nhau dzepasi pano sevamwe veMesoamerican civilizations .
Mathematics, Calendar uye Astronomy
Wakare Maya akashandisa nhamba yehurongwa kubva pane zviratidzo zvitatu chete: dhatidza imwe, bhari yechishanu nehombodo inomirira zero.
Kushandisa zero uye nzvimbo yekucherechedza, vakakwanisa kunyora nhamba huru uye kuita zvinowanzo mashematical operation. Vakagadzirawo sarudzo yakasiyana-siyana yavakakwanisa kuverenga mwedzi iwoyo uyewo kufanotaura kupera kwezuva uye zvimwe zviitiko zvekudenga zvakanyatsojeka.
Chitendero uye Nhema
VaMaya vakanga vane chitendero chakakomba nechisimba chevamwari. MuMayan worldview, ndege yatiri kurarama inongova imwe yero yezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirwa nematenga gumi nemapfumbamwe pasi. Chimwe nechimwe chezvi ndege chinotungamirirwa nemwari chaiye uye inogarwa nevamwe. Hunab Ku ndiye muumbi mwari uye nevamwe vanamwari vakasiyana-siyana vaitungamirira masimba ezvisikwa, zvakadai seCha, mwari wemvura.
Vatongi veMayan vaifungidzirwa sevamwari uye vakazotevera mazita avo ekudzoka kuti varatidze vana vavo kubva kumwari. Maya mhemberero dzezvitendero dzaisanganisira mutambo webhora, zvibayiro zvevanhu uye mitambo yekuteura ropa umo vakuru vakarova marimi avo kana mazita edzimba kuti vateure ropa sechipo kuna vanamwari.
Archaeological Sites
Kuuya pamasvingo akasiyiwa akafukidzwa nemiriwo mukati megwenzi akaita kuti archaeologists vekare nevanotsvakurudza vachishamisika: ndiani akavaka maguta aya anonakidza chete kuvasiya?
Vamwe vakafunga kuti vaRoma kana vaFenikiya vaiva nebasa rezvivakwa izvi zvakanaka kwazvo; kubva pamararamiro avo emarudzi, zvakanga zvakaoma kutenda kuti vanhu vomunharaunda yeMexico neCentral America vanogona kuva nehanya neunyanzvi hunoshamisa, huvakwa uye unyanzvi.
Verenga pamusoro pezvivako zvekuchera matongo zveYucatan Peninsula .
The Collapse of Maya Civilization
Icho kuchine zvakawanda zvingafungidzirwa pamusoro pokuderera kwemaguta ekare eMaya. Zvinyorwa zvizhinji zvakaiswa mberi, zvichibva kune njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga (denda, kudengenyeka kwenyika, kusanaya) kuhondo. Nyanzvi dzezvinochera matongo nhasi dzinowanzobvuma kuti kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakakonzera kuparadzwa kweumambo hweMaya, zvichida zvichiunza nekunaya kwemvura uye kudyarwa kwemiti.
Mazuva ano MaMaya Culture
VaMaya havana kurega kuvapo apo maguta avo ekare akapinda mukuderera.
Vanorarama mazuva ano munzvimbo dzakafanana madzitateguru avo aigara. Kunyange zvazvo tsika yavo yakashandura kupfuura kwenguva, maMeas akawanda anochengeta mutauro wavo netsika. Kune vanopfuura 750 000 vatauri vemitauro yeMayan vanogara kuMexico nhasi (maererano ne INEGI) uye vazhinjiwo muGuatemala, Honduras neEl Salvador. Chitendero chemaMaya chazvino-chinyorwa chechiKaturike uye zvitendero zvekare uye tsika. Vamwe vaLacandon Maya vachiri kurarama nenzira yemagariro mumusango weCacandon weChiapas .
Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro peMaya
Michael D. Coe akanyora mabhuku anonakidza pamusoro peMaya kana iwe uchida kuverenga zvakanyanya nezvechimiro ichi chinoshamisa.
- VaMaya vanopa ruzivo rwakakwana rwekufambira mberi kwehupenyu hweMayan kubva panguva dzakapfuura.
- Kuputsa Maya Code kunopa maonero mukati mukati mekudzidza kwemaMaya kunyora uye kuti yakagadziriswa sei.