Chimwe chidzidzo chekutanga chekutungamirirwa neNational Park Foundation chinoongorora nzvimbo dzeAmerica dzenyika mukuedza kuverenga huwandu hwayo hwehupfumi. Zvigumisiro zvekutsvakurudza ikoko zvakabudisa nhamba dzemaziso, dzinotipa pfungwa yakanakisisa yekukosha kweizvi nzvimbo dzakagadziriswa.
Chidzidzo
Chidzidzo chacho chaitungamirirwa naDkt. John Loomis uye Associate Associate Michelle Haefele woku Colorado Colorado University, uyo akashanda pamwe naDkt. Linda Bilmes weHarvard Kennedy School.
Vakuru vatatu vakaedza kuisa "huwandu hwehupfumi" (TEV) pamapaki ehurumende, anoshandisa mari-kubhadhara kutsvaga kuedza kuongorora kukosha kwevanhu kunowanikwa mune zvemhuka. Muchiitiko ichi, zvisikwa zvezvisikwa ndiwo mapoka ega.
Saka, zvikafu zvepasi zvakakosha sei maererano nekudzidza? Zvose zvinofungidzirwa kukosha kwemapaki, uye mapurogiramu eNational Park Service, inoshamisa $ 92 bhiriyoni. Nhamba iyoyo inosanganisira kwete mapoka makumi mashanu chete emarudzi, asi huwandu hwezvigaro zvenyika, zvigaro zvehondo, nzvimbo dzezvakaitika kare, nezvimwe zvikamu zvinowira pasi pemuraira weNPS. Inosanganisirawo zvirongwa zvinokosha zvakadai seNyika neMvura Conservation Fund uye National Natural Landmarks Program. Zvakawanda zvemashoko akaunganidzwa sechikamu chekutsvakurudza kukuru kunoedza kuenzanisa kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwemhepo, zvisikwa zvepfungwa, dzidzo nezvimwe zvinogona kuita kuti "kukoshesa."
"Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza hukuru hunokosha hunoitwa nevanhu panzvimbo yeNational Park Service, kunyange kupfuura nzvimbo dzinonzwisisika uye dzinoshamisa mukutarisira kwedu," akadaro National Park Service Director Jonathan B. Jarvis. "Nokusimbisa kuzvipira kwedu kumapurogiramu anotibatsira kuchengetedza tsika dzeAmerica uye nhoroondo kuburikidza nenzvimbo, chidzidzo ichi chinopa chimiro chikuru chekutungamirirwa kweNational Park Service kuchafamba muzana remakore repiri kutaura nyaya yakakwana uye yakasiyana-siyana yekuti tiri ani uye izvo zvatinokoshesa senyika. "
Kukosha kwehupfumi hwemapaki kwakange kusiri iyo chete inofadza mutemo inobva purojekiti iyi. Mukutaura nevanhu vakaongororwa pavanounganidza dheta, vatsvakurudzi vakadzidza kuti 95% yevanhu veAmerica vakaona kuti kudzivirira kuti mapaki emarudzi uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinokosha kune zvizvarwa zveramangwana raiva basa rinokosha. Vazhinji vevanhu ivavo vaidawo kuisa mari yavo apo muromo wavo waiva, ne80% vachiti vanozobhadhara kubhadhara mitero yakanyanya kana zvichireva kureva kuti mapaki akabhadhara zvizere uye kudzivirira kufamba mberi.
Mari inokwana $ 92 bhiriyoni yakasununguka kubva muNational Park Foundation yeHisitor Spending Effects report iyo yakabudiswa kumashure muna 2013. Izvo zvidzidzo zvakaitwa kuti zvione kushandiswa kwehupfumi kwemapaki emunharaunda emunzvimbo dzakapoteredza uye kusvika pakagumisa kuti $ 14.6 mabhiriyoni aishandiswa gore negore iyo inonzi magedhi emaguta, anotsanangurwa seavo mukati memaira makumi matanhatu epaki. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakafungidzirwa kuti inenge 238 000 mabasa akasikwa nekuda kwepakiwo zvakare, zvichiwedzera kuwedzerwa kwehupfumi. Nhamba idzi dzinogona kunge dzakakura mumakore mashomanana apfuura, zvisinei, sezvo mapaki akaona nhamba dzevanoshanyira muna 2014 uye 2015.
Ichi chichangobva kuongororwa chave chapfuura kuburikidza nevezera rekuongorora, izvo zvinowanzoitwa mumamiriro ezvidzidzo. Ichaendeswawo kubudiswa mumagazini ezvidzidzo zvakare, uko pasina mubvunzo ichazoongororwa zvakare. Maererano nemishumo, zvisinei, zvigumisiro zvinowirirana nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvehurumende, izvo zvakare zvinongorongedza mitemo yakarongeka uye kukanganisa kwe kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakare.
Kunyange zvazvo iri rondedzero inoisa nhamba yekrete pamusoro pekukosha kwemapaki ehurumende, zvichida haisi kuuya kushamisika kune vanofamba. Mharapu idzi dzave dzakakurumbira kune vanogara kunze kwemakumi makumi emakore, uye sezvo vachiramba vachiisa marekodhi emisangano nguva dzose, hazviiti sezvo zvichaguma chero nguva pfupi. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinonakidza kuona kuti mapuraki anokosha zvakadini, sezvinonyatsojekesa kuti maitiro avo anotambanudza kusvika kure.