High Cross, Scripture Cross, Celtic Cross - Kusiyana Pamusoro
The High Crosses of Ireland - ivo vari kwose kwose inoratidzika. Kunyange zvakadaro ivowo ndivo vanokonzera kuvhiringidzika kukuru. Kana, sevamwe vatashanyi uye fananidzo yezvinhu zvose zveIrish zvinogona kukuudza kuti: "Waifanira kunge wakaona mitsetse yose, iwe unoziva, vaCeltic ... the Cross Crosses ... mumakuva ose!"
Aiwa, isu tave tatoona izvo zvinowanzovhiringidzika. Mitambo yekuyeuchidza yeIrish, maCelt cross uye High Crosses inoonekwa sechinyatsofanana - izvo zvisiri izvo.
Ichokwadi cheKuchinjikwa, se "kazhinji muIrish" seyo (kazhinji iri pedyo) inoshongedza shongwe mumaziso mazhinji, inogona kunyatsotsanangurwa - iyo haidziviri mazana emamwe mapurisa akanyorwa nenzira iyi.
The Celtic Cross - ChiRayan Original?
Apo mumwe anotaura nezvechichinjiro cheCeltic, izvi zvinongoerekana zvichisimudzira mufananidzo weChiratini (inowanirana) muchinjikwa nechigadziko nemaoko akabatanidzwa nechikwata chekuwedzera. Ichi chimiro chechiratidzo chikuru chechiKristu chingangodaro chakatanga kuIreland, kunyange chichizivikanwawo kuColwall, Wales, North England uye zvikamu zveScotland - nzvimbo dzose dziri kutarisana neIreland panguva inonzi "Dark Ages". Saka zvichida mutambo uyu, unoonekwa sechimwe chinhu chechiratidzo chePan-Celtic, akauya nevamishinari veIrish?
Chero zvingave zvakabva mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvakabva kune-nzvimbo yekusimudzirwa kwemaitiro asina kujairika emuchinjikwa uyu zvisinganyatsojekeswi. Kunze kwekuti iwe ubhadhare kune ((pachena) pfungwa yekuti kunze kwekuti vamwe vefundisi veIreland vakasarudza nemaune "trademark" uye vakanyatsogadzira chirevo cheCeltic.
Kuti ringani yakava chikamu chemuchinjikwa hachisi pachena zvachose. Uye yakazarurirwa kududzirwa - dzimwe nyanzvi dzakaenda kusvika pakuratidza kuti chindori chinomiririra halo, uye saizvozvo Kristu pachake, achizvidzivirira zvipi zvese zvinokanganisa pamusoro pekufananidzira mwanakomana waMwari pamuchinjikwa. Idzidziso idzi dziri hama dzepedyo kune avo vanoratidza kuti denderedzwa inofanira kunyatsotsanangurwa se diski, inomirira sol invictus , mwari-zuva.
Uye kuti yakanyatsobatana neAngland an ...
Pamwe ini ndaizoramba ndakabatana neEstam's razor uye nyanzvi yezvokufamba-famba, kureva kuti mhete yakaiswa nevasoni. Kwete ye Freemasons, pfungwa iwe, saka unokwanisa kuisa iyo "Da Vinci Code" zvakare. Nope, matombo emadziro, vashandi chete vanoda kuwedzera chimwe chekugadzikana kwevakawanda. Nhete iri kuita sechimwe chigadziri chemuchinjikwa. Icho chingareva kuti hakuna chimiro chakavanzwa pano zvachose.
Asi muchinjikwa weCeltic wakatora chimiro chitsva mumakore achangobva kupfuura - vakuru vemauto vakuru vakagadzirisa muchinjikwa seimwe nzira kune swastika!
Chii chakaita kuti High Crosses Ivakwe?
Nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe bedzi-kuisa nzvimbo tsvene uye kuzivisa kutenderera kune zvitendero zvechiKristu. Chaizvoizvo chiratidzo chinoti "Pano vave vaKristu!", Asi zvakare "Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yakatsveneswa, chengetedza rugare!"
Kunze kweizvi mitambo yakanga iriwo nzvimbo yepamhemberero yemitambo-kunze kwekudiwa kwekuti mumwe ataure. Nzira yekare yekugarisa kwemamende ekutanga yaisanganisira chechi, muchinjikwa uye (kana mari inobvumirwa) shongwe yakakomba - suo rekupedzisira rinotarisana kusvika pakusuwo kwekutanga, nemuchinjikwa pakati. Uye kereke yaiwanzoita duku kunyange yeungano ine mwero.
Izvozvo zvaireva kuti vanhu vakafukidzwa vaifanira kupinda musasa fresco . Akaungana kuzere pamuchinjikwa.
Asi haasi yose yepamusoro-soro yaiva yemachechi - vamwe vanoita sevakabatanidzwa kune kodzero dzenyika, vachicherechedza nzvimbo yemusika somuenzaniso. Vamwe vakavakwa kuti vayeuke chiitiko chinokosha kana munhu.
Iyo chete yekushandisa High Crosses yakanga isiri kuiswa kune inoratidzika kuva ... sechinhu chaiyo chekomba. Asi pfungwa iyi inogona kuva yakangovapo nekuda kwekushaikwa kweuchapupu.
Kutanga Kuchinja kweMupupuriko
Hapana munyori wezvakaitika kare anogona kutitaurira kuti, nguva ipi kana kuti nei chikonzero chekutanga chepamusoro-soro chakanga chakavakwa. Period. Asi zvinofungidzirwa kuti mavambo ekutanga ematombo aiva "makopi" emuchinjikwa akavezwa nematanda. Zvakawanda (zvakakosha) zvikamu zvezvipambano izvi zvakapfuura zvakanyatsoiswa mukati mekugadzirwa kwebwe.
Mimwe mitambo yemhando iyi inobva muzana remakore re8 neregumi nemana, seyakatangira kumusoro kweAhenny, yakavharwa mumagetsi ekugadzirwa kwe geometrical. Chinonyanya kukosha chaive chimiro chemuchinjikwa pachako. Hazvirevi hazvo semufananidzo wechiridzwa chekuurayiwa asi sechifananidzo chekutanga chi rho monogram.
Mambuka akazotevera akava mifananidzo yakawanda - mutambo wekumaodzanyemba kuClonmacnoise uye muchinjikwa weVatendi Patrick naColumba muKells . Idzi dzakazozivikanwa se "miganhu yekare".
Magwaro Emuchinjikwa - Mharidzo muDombo
Iyi shanduko yakaita kuti "rugwaro rwuyambuke", chaizvoizvo uye rwakasununguka rakafukidzirwa nemifananidzo yakaratidzwa yemifananidzo kubva muBhaibheri. Zviduku zveCelt, zvinowanikwa zvakajeka. Iyi michinjikwa inofanirwa kutaridzirwa seMupapano wepamusoro.
Nhasi tinogona kuona zvikamu makumi matatu nematatu zvezviyeuchidzo izvi, zvose zvakagadzirwa mu 9 nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi10. Iyo inozivikanwa zvikuru zvichida iri "Muchinjikwa weMagwaro" paClonmacnoise. Kusarudzwa kwemasitamende kwakamiridzirwa kwaive kwakarongeka - pamwe nekumhanya kwese kwakasanganiswa mukati. Upenyu pane imwe imba yaitarisirwa, asi magwaro matsvene ndiwo "chiitiko chikuru". Vanyori (kana vashandi vavo) vanofarira zviratidzo kubva pakuwa kwaAdhamu naEvha neFain's fratricide, Kudya Kwekupedzisira uye Kumuka. Mimwe mifananidzo yakawanda kwazvo, semhomho yevarwi uye kunyange mhuka dzisinganzwisisiki (makamera muDrumcliff kuva muenzaniso wakanaka). Uye kune kunyange majee maduku kune mamwe machinjikwa ...
Mamoriki angadai akashandisa mifananidzo iyi kuita kuti dzidziso dzavo dziwedzere kune vateereri - mufananidzo unokosha kupfuura mashoko ane chiuru. "Mharidzo yakavezwa mubwe" ndiyo imwe nzira iyo michinjikwa yakatsanangurwa.
Mipata yakagadzirwa mumakore gumi nematanhatu gare gare uye zana remakore rechi12 rinoratidza kuderera - zvishongo zvinotora zvakare, panguva ino nechisimba chakasiyana cheScandinavia, sezvo iyi ndiyo yaiva nguva yeVikings muIreland . Kurovererwa muzvinyorwa zvakanyanyisa kunowanzoita hurukuro yemifananidzo, manzwiro anova erima. Sezvo kana kuguma kwakanga kwava pedyo ...
Chaizvoizvo chakanga chiri - neAnglo-Norman kupindira uye simba rinokura reEuropean monastic mirairo seyaCistercians kana Mellifont the High Crosses yakangopera, yakasiyiwa yakamira asi isina itsva itsva ichiwedzerwa.
Maonero eEst Cross yakagadzirwa sei
Chimiro cheMuchinjikwa wakavakwa mumatatu, dzimwe nguva zvikamu zvina - chikamu chechipiri chinenge chiri chikuru, chimiro kana kuti pyramidal. Kupinda mune izvi mutsara wepamuchinjikwa wakakodzera wakagadzirirwa. Kutsikwa nechepamusoro-musoro (chikamu pamwe nemaoko uye mhete) - mune dzimwe nguva mashizha uye musoro zvinogadzirwa mune chimwe chinhu. Izvo zvose pamwe zvinobva zvanyungudutswa nebwe rekuve, iyo yakawanda iyo iri kurasikirwa nhasi.
Iyo chaiyo yekugadzira nzira inoratidzika kunge yakatorwa mumatanho akasiyana, musinjiro wakamutswa mu situ musati mifananidzo yakaisvonaka yapera. Muchinjikwa usina kupera paKells unoratidzira pfungwa iyi - nzvimbo iyo tsanangudzo yakajeka ichawedzerwa ichiri zvikamu. Izvi zvinopawo pfungwa dzakawanda ... fungidzira kumutsa mushure mokunge wakagadzirwa, mupfumi wakavezwa wakavezwa wakamutswa, ndokubva wanyura nekuputsa nekuda kwechikonzero chakashata.
Chimwe chinhu chakanaka uye chisingazivikanwi cheMupamusoro wepamusoro chinofanirwa kutaurwa - machinjikwa akanga asina kungove akavezwa patsva munguva yavo yezuva, ivo vakange vakavezwa muvaraidza. Zvakaoma kufungidzira nhasi, asi zvechokwadi kunyatsocherechedza-munguva yepakati. I Irish National Heritage Park pedyo neWexford yakagadziridza izvi ... uye mutambo wevaravara unowanzokwaziswa nekushushikana nevashanyi.
Nhasi High Crosses
Muvengi wakaipisisa weIrish High Crosses akanga asiri Vikings vapambi kana Puritan chekushingaira - asi kungofanana neIrish weather . Mitambo yakawanda yakaitwa kubva kune sandstone. Zviri nyore kushanda pamwe, uye zvinokwanisa kuwana zvinyorwa zvinoshamisa. Asi kwete zvinhu zvokupona mazana emakore emvura nemhepo. Uye kana muchinjikwa wakaputika nemhaka yegungwa rega rega ... iyo yakaguma yakazoguma yakave yakavezwa yejigsaw puzzle yakavezwa.
Sezvo njodzi idzi dzichiripo-uye kusvibiswa kunotora imwe nzira, mamwe magwagwa akafanirwa kubviswa uye kudzokorora akaiswa. Inogamuchirwa kune vose asi purist - asi kunyange vatariri vanofanira kuve nechokwadi kana iye akanyatsokoshesa yekutanga!
Zvakaipa zvinorehwa zvakanaka asi zvinowanzowedzera "kugadzirisa". Kunyorera simiti yakakura pane imwe nzira kunoparadza kubva pamifananidzo yakaisvonaka. Uye kusanganiswa kwezvikamu kubva pamuchinjikwa zvakajeka zvakare kunokundikana kugutsikana. Mimwe miitiro yekudzivirira mitambo inofanirwa zvakanaka asi nenzira imwechete inofungidzira - muchinjikwa muKells unodzivirirwa kubva pamvura nedenga duku, asi mhepo isingagumi yevhiri-18 inogumburwa nematanho mashomanana.
Ndicho High Cross kana ...?
Kunyange kunyange mabhuku makuru eIreland anokwanisa kutora zviyeuchidzo zvemazuva ano, zvemazuva ano emakuva, akavezwa pamatare ehurumende kuIreland, se "High Crosses". Dzimba dzose dzechechi yeIrisland kana kumakuva dzichava nechimwe chezvi. Muchinjikwa wepamusoro-soro uye seCeltic - muchinjikwa wakakwirira, asi hapana High Cross yakakodzera.
Mifananidzo yacho yakasiyana zvachose uye mitambo yemazuva ano inoratidza vanhu, kwete nzvimbo tsvene ... kana kunyange zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa.
Nzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzekucherechedza nzvimbo dzakakosha uye / kana zviitiko zvakare zvinowanzovakirwa paHigh Crosses, zvose muhukuru uye nehutano hwekutanga. Vakawanda vane magetsi ekugadzirwa kwemashizha kana maitiro, kazhinji kuratidza kusanganiswa kweCeltic neScandinavia mafungiro pamwe nekubatsira kwakanaka kune rudo "rwemaIrish". Zvizhinji zvezvivako izvi zvinonzwisisika zviri nyore kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachikwira sepakutanga kweEp Cross Cross mune mamwe mabhuku - kunyanya kana vakaiswa panzvimbo yega yega kuti zviitike.
Muchidimbu - chero chinhu chiduku kupfuura makore 800 hachifaniri kutaridzirwa seChokwadi cheMuchinjikwa.