Bhuku Rakakurumbira Rakagadzirwa muNorway Yokutanga yeNigel Prize
William Butler Yeats, anowanzozivikanwa seWBYeats, ndiani? Kakawanda kunotsanangurwa nemafomu eKeats (zita reWB rinodanwa zvakarurama "Yayts", kwete "Yeets"), akaberekwa musi waJune 13, 1865, ndokufa musi waJanuary 28, 1939.
Nhasi, anoyeukwa saIreland "mudetembi wenyika" (kunyange zvazvo asina kunyora mumutauro wenyika), uye aiona seimwe yemifananidzo yakawanda yemitauro yeChirungu mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20.
Uyewo ndiye aiva wokutanga muIrish wokuwana Nobel Prize muLitatimendi (muna 1923, gare gare maIraire mauraireti ainzi George Bernard Shaw, Samuel Beckett, naSeamus Heaney) - vachirumbidzwa "nokuda kwechirevo chake chakafuridzirwa, icho chine unyanzvi hunyoro hunopa kutaura kune mweya wevanhu vose ".
Munharaunda, pasinei nekuve kuDublin uye kugara kune dzimwe nyika kwenguva refu, iye anogara achibatana neSligo ... nzvimbo iyo yakafuridzira zvakawanda zvekunyora kwake.
WBYezvi uye Zvinyorwa
Kunyange akaberekwa uye akadzidziswa muDublin , William Butler Yeats akapedza zvikamu zvakawanda zvehucheche hwake kure neChishanu Sligo . Achionga nekudzidza nhetembo dziripo achiri mudiki, akafadzwawo nenheyo dzeIrish uye "zvemashiripiti" zvikuru kubva paudiki. Mamwe aya nyaya dzepasi pose anonyanya kunyanya muchitsauko chake chekutanga chekuita, achiguma kumativi ose ekutsva kwezana remakore. Yeats 'yekutanga kuunganidzwa kwezvinyorwa zvakabudiswa muna 1889 - zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinyorwa zvinoratidzika zvinoratidza Elizabethan uye maitiro eRoma, saEdmund Spenser, Percy Bysshe Shelley, uye Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.
Kutanga kunenge muna 1900, nharo dzeYeats 'dzakagadzirwa kubva pane zvinyorwa zvechimiro kusvika kune zvakasimba, zvakakosha. Kuramba achirasa zvizhinji zvekutenda kune dzimwe nguva zvekare makore ake apfuura, akaramba achiratidza kufarira kukuru kune zvose zvepanyama uye zvemweya "masikisi", uye nheyo dzepfungwa dzehupenyu.
Yeats zvakare yakava imwe ye (kana isiri iyo) inonyanya kukosha yeIrish Literary Revival. Pamwe nevanhu vane mafungiro akadai saDonald Gregory uye Edward Martyn akatevedza Dublin's Abbey Theatre, senhare yemitambo yeIreland (1904). Akashandawo somutungamiriri weAbbey kwemakore mazhinji. Maviri maviri okutanga akambotarirwa paAbbey (pamwe nechitambo naDame Gregory mune "katatu mari") vaiva Yeats ' On Baile's Strand naCathleen Ní Houlihan .
Kutaura zvakananga, WBYvamwe vari pakati pevanyori vashomanana avo vakanyora uye vakaparidzira mabasa avo akanakisisa mushure mekupihwa muNobel Prize, kunyanya The Tower (1928) uye The Winding Stair uye Dzimwe Nheyo (1929).
WBezvokudya - Upenyu uye Rudo
William Butler Yeats akaberekerwa mumhuri yeAnglo-Irish Dublin. Baba vake John Yeats vakatanga kuverenga mutemo, kusiya izvozvi kuti vadzidze unyanzvi muLondon. Amai 'Yeats' Susan Mary Pollexfen akauya kubva kune mumwe mupfumi ane Sligo wevatengesi. Vose nhengo dzemhuri vakasarudza mabasa ekugadzira - hama Jack semunyori, hanzvadzi Elizabeth naEsan Mary mumusangano weArtwork and Crafts Movement. Seve nhengo dze (kushivirira) maProtestant Ascendancy, mhuri ye Yeats yakanga isinei nekutsigira yeIrish yakashandura, kunyange zvazvo rumutsiriro rwemarudzi rwakavhiringidza zvakananga.
Izvo zvezvematongerwe enyika uye zvemagariro evanhu zvakakonzera zvakanyanya mhemberero dze Yeats, kutsvakurudza kwake kweIrish kunoratidza kuchinja nguva nemaitiro. Kunyangwe paakanyora pamusoro pe "weIrish", izwi iri rinobatanidza kakawanda mitsara pamwe nenzira yake yakasununguka.
Kunze kwemashure ake maviri akadai seIrish Senator, uye nharo dzake dzinoshamisa neTheosophy, Rosicrucianism, uye Golden Dawn ... zvakasara muvanhu vakawanda pfungwa ndeye Yeats 'convoluted, curious rudo-hupenyu.
Muna 1889 akasangana na Maud Gonne, mupfumi weheyress uye Nationalist icon .. uye runako muhuduku hwake. Yeats 'yakawira nokuda kwake nenzira huru, asi Maud Gonne akajekesa kuti mumwe waaida naye aifanira kuva, kutanga uye mberi, muNationalist ane simba. Muna 1891, Yeats zvisinei yakarongedza kuroorwa, kungofanirwa kuregwa - shure kwekunyora kuti "kunetseka kwoupenyu hwangu kwakatanga".
Sezviri pachena kwete kunyanya kuwana mharidzo, Yeats zvakare yakarongedza kuroorana muna 1899, 1900 ne1901, kungofanira kurambwa zvakare, zvakare, zvakare. Apo Maud Gonne pakupedzisira akaroora Major John MacBride muna 1903, mudetembi akaisa fuse. Akaedza kuseka MacBride kunyange netsamba uye nhetembo, uye akatamba pamusoro pekutendeuka kwaMaud Gonne kuKaturike.
Anodya uye akazowana ruzivo rwake rwakawanda, uye akafamba-famba-zvakanaka, apo Maud Gonne akashanyira kwaari kuti awane nyaradzo ... sezvo imba yake yainge yapera mukusangana nenjodzi, mushure mokuberekwa kwemwanakomana (Sean MacBride). Kunyange humwe husiku-humwe pakati pe Yeats naVa Maud Gonne vakava pasina.
Pakazosvika 1916, uye pa51, Yeats akanga achida kushungurudzika mwana. Akafunga kuti yaiva nguva yakanakisisa yokuroora, zvakasununguka zvakare zvakare kutsvaga kune iye zvino akwegura Maud Gonne (achangobva kuurayiwa neBritish kupisa musasa munguva yePaster Rising ). Paakazomudzosera zvakare, Anodya achishandura paChirongwa chake chinotyisa B ... chikwata chekuroorana kuna Iseult Gonne, mwanasikana wemakore gumi nemaviri waMaud. Izvozvi zvakava pasina, saka Yeats akazogadzirisa paainge akwegura (asi pa25 achiri pasi pehafu yezera rake) Georgie Hyde-Lees ... uye kune kushamiswa kwevanhu vose iye haana kungobvuma chete, asi kuroorana kunoratidzika kwakashanda zvakanaka .
WBYadya uye Zvematongerwe Enyika
Pasinei nehupenyu hwake hwemhuri, Yeats aiva Irish Nationalist - nechishuwo chakasimba che (zvikuru kwazvo chaifungidzirwa) "mararamiro emararamiro". Pakutanga akaratidza kuchinja kwehupenyu (kunyange kuva nhengo dzemapoka ezvematongerwo enyika), asi munguva pfupi akazviparadzanisa kubva mune zvematongerwe enyika. Kutanga kwake kusina mhinduro kuIsita Kukwidza, kungoitaura chete mumatetry muma1920, kwaireva.
Zvokudya zvakagadzwa kune wekutanga Seanad Eireann, yeIrish Senate , muna 1922 - uye akazogadziriswazve kwegore rechipiri muna 1925. Zvipo zvake zvakakosha paiva nharo pamusoro pokurambana, umo akatopomera vose vehurumende neveKaturike veKatorike yekudzorera " medieval Spain ". Asingatauri zvikwama, akazivisa kuti "kuroorana hakusi kwatiri sakaramende, asi, kune rumwe rutivi, rudo rwemurume nemukadzi, uye chishuvo chisingaverengeki chepanyama, chitsvene.Kutenda uku kwakasvika kwatiri kuburikidza nefilosofi yekare mabhuku emazuva ano, uye inoita sechinhu chinonyanyisa kukunyengetedza vanhu vaviri vanovengana kuti vararame pamwechete ". Pasinei nekurwiswa uku kunotyisa, kurambana kwakaramba kusina mutemo muIreland kusvikira muna 1996. Uye iwe unogona kuverenga pakati pemitsetse, uchiona kushungurudzika kwake naVa Maud Gonne kurongwa kwewanano ...
Pasi pemafungiro ezvematongerwo enyika mushure meHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese, Wall Street Crash, uye Great Depression, Yeats yakaramba ichinyanya kutendeseka pamusoro pehurumende yehurumende uye yakatarisira kuvakazve kweEurope kuburikidza nekutonga kwemhirizhonga. Ushamwari hwake naEzra Pound hwakamuudza iye mune zvematongerwo enyika aBenito Mussolini, Yeats vachiratidza kudada kwe "Il Duce" kakawanda. Pamberi pepamba, akanyora nhatu "nziyo dzinofamba" dzeIrish Blueshirts , (yakakurumbira) fascist splinter boka rinotungamirirwa naGeneral Eoin O'Duffy.
Rufu, Kuvigwa, Kudzorerwa
William Butler Yeats akafira muMenton (France) musi waJanuary 28th, 1939. Maererano nezvishuvo zvake akavigwa mushure mekuita basa rekuviga uye rakavanzika paRobrbrune-Cap-Martin - "kana ndikafa ndinoviga ikoko uye munguva yegore apo mapepanhau akandikanganwa ini, nditsvakei uye mundidyarire muSligo. " Izvo zvisina kubudirira, sezvo Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakatanga uye Yeats 'inouraya yakasara yakaiswa muFrance.
Chete munaSeptember 1948 Yeats 'yakasara yakasunungurirwa kuDrumcliff (County Sligo) mumusangano unochengetedzwa nehurumende - Mutungamiri weZvenyika Dzepasi Pose ari mutariri webasa racho, mumwe Sean MacBride, mwanakomana wa Maud Gonne. Yeats 'epitaph inotorwa kubva kumigumo yekupedzisira yenhetembo yake yekupedzisira Under Ben Bulben :
Dhonzai Ziso rinotonhora
PaHupenyu, paRufu.
Horseman, pfuura!
Pane, asi zvakadaro, dambudziko duku: Yeats yakanga yatovigwa muFrance, ndokucherazve, mapfupa ake akaiswa mubhokisi, ndokudzoka zvakare kutumira kuIreland. Forensics ndiyo iyo iyo iyo iri pakati pemakore ekuma1940, uchapupu hwokuti mapfupa ose, kana kunyange chero ani zvake, achizorora pasi peBen Bulben ari chaizvoizvo Yeats '... akaoma zvishoma pasi. Zvichida kukanganisa kukuru?
Funniest Yeats Nguva Yese
Izvi zvinofanira kuenda kumabhizimisi "Million Dollar Baby", patinoona Clint Eastwood tichishandura WBYeats kubva kuIrish kusvika muchiChirungu. Zviri pachena kuti hapana munhu akamuudza kuti Yeats haana kutaura mutauro weIrish saizvozvo, uye akanyora muchiRungu ...
Unfunniest Yeats Nguva Yese
Munyori wenyika kamwechete, uye ndinoreva chaizvoizvo kamwechete, ndakashanyira mubhuku ... sezvo WBYeats ainge apupura kuti akanga asati amboenda kune imwe nzvimbo, Oliver St. John Gogarty akabatanidza mumwe wake muTiner's, rimwe remabhuku akawanda eDublin , achiri kuzarura Baggot Street nhasi. Apo WB yakanga ine sherry, yakazviti iye haana kufarira pamusoro pehupenyu hwose, uye akabva zvakare. zvinoreva kuti haafaniri kusviba musuo wevhisi zvakare. Icho chikwata chemufaro!