Nharaunda yeSpain yeCatalonia yakanyanya kunyanya kuitika munhau dzezvino, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe ezvematongerwe enyika kwakakonzerwa navamwe vayo vanove nechido chokusununguka. Hezvino tarisiro yezviitiko zveCatalan Crisis kusvika zvino, uye izvo zvingaguma zvinorevei kune zvekushanyirwa zvose muCatalonia, uye kuSpanish yose.
Kunzwisisa Catalonia's History
Kuti uzonzwisisa zviitiko zviri kuitika ikozvino muCatalonia, zvakakosha kutarisisa zvakanyanya nhoroondo yeruwa.
Iri munzvimbo yeSpain yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Catalonia ndeimwe yenharaunda 17 dzinodzivirira. Iyo musha kune vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 7.5, vazhinji vavo vane ruzivo rwekuzvikudza kwematunhu akasiyana-siyana enyika. Mutauro wechiCatalan unomirirwa nemutauro wakasiyana, nziyo uye mureza; uye kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, nzvimbo yacho yakatova neparamende uye mapurisa.
Zvisinei, hurumende inowanikwa muMadrid inotarisa bhajeti yeCatalonia nemitero-iyo inokonzera kukakavara kwevaCatalan separatists vanofarira kupa rutivi kune dzimwe nyika dzine urombo. Matambudziko aripo iye zvino anowanikwa mumatambo e2010, apo Shanduro yeNyika yeSpain yeChishanu yakagadzirisa nyaya dzakawanda dzakapfuudzwa neparamende yeCatalan mune shanduro ya2006 kumutemo wekuzvimiririra wenharaunda yacho. Pakati pezvakachinjwa shanduko chaive chisarudzo chekutaura mutauro wechiCatalan pamusoro peSpain muCatalonia.
Vakawanda vechiCatalan vakaona chisarudzo cheBumbiro reDare reChishanu sekutyisidzira kuzvigadzirisa kwerutivi rwemuganhu.
Vanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni vakatora mumigwagwa mukupikisa, uye mapurogiramu ezvimhururo ari pakati pekupesana kwemazuva ano akawedzera kukurumidza sehuipi chaiyo.
Crisis Today
Dambudziko remazuva ano rakatanga musi waOctober 1, 2017, apo paramende yeCatalan yakabata hurukuro kuti ione kana vanhu vechiCatalan vaida kuzvimiririra.
Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza mhinduro ye90% mukufarirwa kwehurumende yekuzvimirira; asi muzvokwadi, 43% chete yevagari vemo vakazviratidza muvhoti kuti vhoti-vachiisiya zvisingazivikanwi izvo vazhinji veCatalonia vanoda chaizvo. Chero zvazvingava, referendum yakanzi haina kutenderwa neMutemo weConstitutional Court.
Kunyange zvakadaro, musi wa27 Gumiguru, paramende yeCatalan yakasarudza kutanga hurumende yakazvimiririra nevhoti makumi manomwe kusvika kune gumi muvhoti rekuviga. Madrid yakanyora vhoti sechiedza chekutsvaga etat , uye yakakonzera Chidzidzo 155 cheStamende mutemo semugumisiro. Ichi chinyorwa, chisati chave chichishandiswa, chakapa Hurumende Guru Mariano Rajoy simba rekunyengedza mutemo weCatalonia. Akakurumidza kuparadza paramende yeCatalan, uye akadzinga vatungamiriri vezvematongerwe enyika pamwe chete nomukuru wemapurisa emunharaunda.
Mutungamiri weCatalan Mutungamiri Carles Puigdemont pakutanga akakukurudzira kupikisa zvinyorwa zveMadrid, ndokubva atizira kuBelgium kutiza kuti apomerwe mhosva yekumukira uye kupandukira. Panguva ino, Rajoy akataura sarudzo dzomutemo dzemuDecember 21, iyo ichaona kuumbwa kweparamendi itsva yeCatalan uye kudzorera hurumende yekuzvimirira. Musi waOctober 31, Puigdemont akazivisa kuti aizoremekedza zvakaguma zvekusarudzwa kwaDecember, uye kuti aizodzokera kuSpain kana kutongwa kwakanaka kuchivimbiswa.
Migumisiro yeDambudziko Rinoenderera Mberi
Kugamuchirwa kwePuigdemont yemasarudzo matsva kunoita kuti sarudzo yekare yeparamende iite sangano rezvematongerwo enyika risina kuzvimirira. Nokuti ikozvino, hukama pakati peCatalonia nedzimwe nyika yeSpain huri kuramba husingazivi. Pasinei nemitemo yemhirizhonga yemapurisa mberi kwekubvumira kwekutanga kwaOctober 1, zvinoratidzika sezviri nyore panguva ino kuti mamiriro ezvinhu achadzika munzvimbo yehondo. Zvisinei, kukakavadzana pakati peMadrid neCatalonia (uye pakati pevanhu vanochengetedza zvinhu uye vamiririri vezvematongerwo enyika mukati mharaunda yacho pachayo) ndeyechokwadi kupfuurira kwechinguva.
Kana sarudzo yakasarudzwa munaDisemba isiri-rusununguko, nyaya yeparamende yakasiyana yeCatalin pasina mubvunzo ichakumutswa mumwedzi nemakore ari kuuya.
Kubva ikozvino, mhedzisiro huru yematambudziko ingangove yehupfumi.
Ikozvino, makambani anopfuura 1 500 akatamisa nzvimbo yavo huru kubva kuCatalonia, kusanganisira mbiri mbiri dzebato racho. Hotel bookings uye nhamba dzevakashanyi vakawawo, vachiratidza kuti sangano rekushanyirwa richatambudzika mune zvemari nekuda kwematongerwe enyika eCatalonia. Iyo yakawanda yakawanda yeSpanish inogonawo kugadziriswa, sezvo GDP yeCatalan inomirira inenge 20% yenyika yose.
Zvichida pakupedzisira kubudirira kana kwete, chido cheCatalonia chinoda rubatsiro chinogona kukonzera kushungurudza mukati mevanhu vakawanda veEurope. Kusvika ikozvino, European Union, United Kingdom neUnited States vose vakatsanangura kutsigira kwavo vakabatana neSpain. ICatalonia yakasununguka yaizodzoka kubva kuEuro neEuro, ichibatanidza ne Brexit kuisa muenzaniso kune dzimwe sangano rezvematongerwo enyika muEurope uye kutyisidzira kugadzikana kweEU yose.
Zvinogona Kukanganisa Kune Vashanyi kuCatalonia
Nhamba dzinoverengeka dzenzvimbo dzeSpain dzakashanya zvikuru dziri mukati meCatalonia, kusanganisira guta reBarcelona (rinozivikanwa nokuda kwekuvakwa kwayo kweCatalan Modernist) uye rakasvibiswa neCosta Brava gungwa. Muna 2016, nharaunda yacho yakakwezva vatashanyi mamiriyoni 17.
Panguva ino, US Embassy muSpain haasati yabudisa chero Alerts Alerts kana Travel Warnings kuSpain, kunyange zvazvo hurumende dzeUnited States neUnited States dzichirudzira vatashanyi kuti vashandise kuCatalonia semugumisiro wekupemberera kunoramba kuripo. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti dambudziko rekukakavadzana kwakaderedzwa nekukundikana kwePuigdemont yekuedza kupindira. Zvisinei, mukana wekurwisana kwepasipo pakati pemapoka emhirizhonga kune rumwe rutivi rwepikisano haugoni kubudiswa.
Kunyange zviratidzo zvekugarisana zvine rugare zvine mukana wekuita zvechisimba zvisatarisirwe. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakanyanya kunyanya kuti zviratidzo zvinokonzera kuvhiringidzika kwekufamba kwezuva nezuva panzvimbo yekuisa mungozi. Panguva ino, kusava nechokwadi, kushungurudza uye ara yekutambudzikira ndiyo hurukuro huru kune yekuCatalan zororo mukati mezvino maitiro ezvematongerwe enyika.
Nezvo zvichitaurirwa, Catalonia inoramba iine nzvimbo inofadza yekuenda mune tsika netsika. MuBarcelona, kutakura kwevanhu vanoenderera mberi kunoshanda sekugara uye mahotera nehotera zvinoshandiswa zvebhizimisi. Vatashanyi vanogona kunyange kubatsirwa nevanhu vashomanana uye mitengo shoma sezvo mabhizimisi anoedza kukurudzira vashanyi kuti vatsigire mabhuku avo, panzvimbo pokuderedza zvirongwa zvavo zvezororo kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Zvakadini Nezvimwe Zvose zveSpain?
Mamwe magwaro anonyevera kuti kana kukakavadzana neCatalonia kuchienderera mberi, kuparadzanisa kwepakati pemapurisa kumatambudziko ari kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kunogona kusiya nyika yose yakazarurwa panguva apo nyika dzose dzeEurope dziri kutarisana nehuwandu hwehugandanga. Izvo hazvisi kutyisidzira kusina maturo-munaAgasti 2017, vanhu 16 vakaurayiwa vachitevera hurumende yeHurumende yekurwisa muBarcelona neCambrils.
Saizvozvowo, vamwe vanonetseka kuti kusununguka kweCatalonia kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwekuita kwevanhu vanoita zvekutengesa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasununguka dzeSpain, kusanganisira Andalusia , neBalearic Islands neBasque Country . Mumazuva ano, separatist boka reETA rakauraya vanhu vanopfuura 820 mumakwikwi echisimba ehurumende, uye vakaputirwa chete muna April 2017. Zvisinei, hapana humwe uchapupu hwekuti ETA kana imwe sangano rinosimba rinokurudzira sezviitiko zveCatalonia.
Nokuti ikozvino, hupenyu muSpanish yose hunoenderera mberi sezvinowanzoitika uye vatashanyi havanzwisisike. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichigona kuchinja kana dambudziko reCatalan richiderera mumwedzi inouya, hapana chikonzero chekusiya chepanesi yako yeSpain ichiripo.