Mumutauro weRussia , mazita ibasa guru. Uye, nezvo, inokudzwa. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pezita remazita, zvingabatsira kudzidza kuti vanhu vokuRussia vanowanzoti vana vavo sei munguva yemazuva ano.
Russian Nyaya Kokorodzano
Vanhu vazhinji veRussia vane mazita matatu: zita rokutanga, a patronymic, uye zita rezita. Zita rokutanga uye zita rezita (zita rekupedzisira) rinotsanangurwa. Izvo zvakafanana neAmerica zvetsika mitambo.
Misiyano ndeyekuti pane nzvimbo yepakati , mwana anowana zita rinoreva zita rababa vake pakutanga sezita ravo "pakati".
Tarisa zita rakazara remunyori anozivikanwa weRussia Leo Tolstoy uyo akanyora "Hondo neRunyararo": Zita rake rakazara raiva Lev Nikolayevhich Tolstoy. Zita rake rokutanga raiva Lev. Zita rake rokuti patronymic (kana pakati) Ndikolayevhich. Uye, zita rake rokupedzisira raiva Tolstoy. Zita rababa vake raiva Nikolai, saka zita remapakati Ndikolayevhich.
Nicknamames
Mazita okuRussia, kana kuti diminutives, anongova maitiro mashoma ezita rakapiwa. Kusiyana nemafomu akazara anoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akajeka, mazita mashoma ezita anoshandiswa mukukurukurirana pakati pevanhu vanoziva, kazhinji hama, shamwari, uye vashandi. Mifomu mipfupi yakabuda mumutauro wakataurika kuti uwane nyore sezvo vazhinji vemazita akanyorwa zvakakosha.
"Sasha" inowanzova zita rezita rezita rinoshandiswa kune munhu ane zita rakanzi ndiro Alexander (murume) kana Alexandra (mukadzi).
Kunyange zvazvo zita rekunyanya kudanwa se "Sasha" risingarevi chinhu kunze kwekuziva, mamwe madhimiti anogona kushandiswa nenzira ine rudo. Alexandra anganzi "Sashenka," zvinoreva "Sasha muduku," nevabereki vake.
Sezvakaitwa mumuenzaniso wekare, pamusoro peLeo Tolstoy, maitiro ekuderera kwezita rake anogona kunge ari "Leva", "Lyova," kana kuti kakawanda, "Lyovushka," iyo inowedzera zita rorudo.
Tolstoy ainzi kanonzi Leo mumutauro weChirungu nekuda kweshanduro yezita rake rechiRussia muchiChirungu. MuRussia Lev, rinoreva "shumba." MuchiShona, kushandurirwa kwaLeo kwakagamuchirwa kumunyori paaibvumirana nemashoko ake ezvinyorwa kuti abudisire vateereri veChirungu sezvo Leo inonzwisiswa muchiChirungu sekureva "shumba."
Muenzaniso weMazita eZita reMukadzi "Maria"
Maria ndiro zita rakajairika rechiRussia. Tarisa nzira dzakawanda dzaunogona kunzwa kana kuona zita riri kushandiswa uye nenzira dzakasiyana.
| Maria | Zita rakazara rezita, hurumende, hukama hwehutano, vanhu vasina kujaira |
|---|---|
| Masha | Imufomu mafupi, kusarerekera uye anoshandiswa mukushamwaridzana |
| Mashenka | Mhando yorudo |
| Mashunechka Mashunya Marusya | Ipedyo, mafomu ane tsitsi |
| Mashka | Vulgar, kusava nemhosva kunze kwekushandiswa mukati memhuri, pakati pevana, kana shamwari |
Mamwe mazita ekudanwa Mifananidzo
Kuti ashandise muenzaniso sezvinoonekwa mumabhuku eRussia, muUtongerwe uye Kurangwa naFyodor Dostoyevsky, zita rekutanga raRaskolnikov, Rodion, rinowanikwa mune zvinotevera: Rodya, Rodenka, naRodka. Hanzvadzi yake, Avdotya, inowanzonzi "Dunya" uye "Dunechka" mumabhuku ose.
Mamwe mazita echiRussia anozivikanwa uye zvishoma:
- Dima (kuna Dmitri)
- Misha (kuna Mikhail)
- Vova (yeVladimir)
Diminutives for Common Nouns
Diminutives inogona kubva pamabito anowirirana, zvakare. Izwi rokuti mamochka, kuderera kweamai , rinogona kushandiswa nemwanakomana kana mwanasikana anoda kuratidzira kutapira kwaamai nekudiwa. Sobachka , kuderera kubva pashoko rokuti sobaka (imbwa), rinoratidza kudonha kwembwa uye uduku. Shanduro dzekuEnglish dzingashandisa "doggy" kuratidza zvinoreva izvozvi.