01 of 07
Matemberi Matanhatu kubva Kune Zviuru Zvokushanyira muBagan
Tarisa kubva kumusoro kwenzvimbo ye Shwesandaw Temple, Bagan, Myanmar. Mike Aquino Nezviuru zvematare uye kubhadhara kushanyira, hapana nzira imwe chete yakanakisisa yekuona kukohwa kwaBagan kwetemberi . Temberi dziri murunyorwa urwu dzinozivikanwa kuva maBagan makuru, anoyevedza, uye anozivikanwa zvikuru, uye inofanira kunge yakabatanidzwa mune imwe nzira yeGagan-hopping iyo inopfuura kudarika zuva.
Kwemahafu yezuva temberi inoenderera mberi, mutungamiri wangu Aung Kyaw Moe anoti iwe unonamatira nekumisa maviri: "Kwekufamba kwemazuva, iwe unoshanyira Shwezigon uye temberi dzeAnanda," anodaro Mr. Aung. "Kana iwe uchitova kune nzvimbo mbiri idzi, zvakanaka." Kwemazuva mazhinji, rongai temberi dzenyu dzetemberi kumativi ose akanyorwa pano.
Mashoko mashomanana emazano: kune maviri aya maatemberi (Htilominlo neShwesandaw), vatsva vemo vanozoongorora kana iwe uri kubata bhagitari yakakodzera yepatemberi; Chengedzo dzisina kuitika dzinogonawo kuitika pane imwe nzvimbo. Uye kana uri kuronga kuona ose matanhatu muzuva rimwe chete, sarudza nzira yekutakura yeBagan inokutora iwe nekukurumidza kupfuura (motokari nemutyairi, hongu; horsecart, hero kwete).
Kuti tibatanidze mutauro wekuMyanmar marinda, torai temberi yedu duku cheka cheti. Neimwe nzira yekufambisa temberi, tarisai mazita eGagan ma tempile ane kutarisa kwezuva .
02 of 07
Shwezigon Temberi: The Stupa iyo Yakatanga iyo Yose
Golden Spire pakati peShwezigon, Bagan, Myanmar. Mike Aquino Shwezigon kufanana kwaShitwedagon muYangon mberi kwekumaodzanyemba hazviitiki. Mushure mokunge Shwezigon yakapedziswa muna 1086 AD, kuenzanisa uye kunaka kwetemberi kwakashanda semuenzaniso kune mamwe maatemberi akavakwa muumambo hwose. Shwedagon - iyo yepamusoro yakazadziswa mazana mana emakore gare gare - ingave yakapfuura kukurudzirwa kwayo mukukura uye kunaka, asi inobereka hutungamiri hwayo hwakatangira zvisinei.
Akarayirwa namambo mukuru Anawrahta uye akapedzwa nomutsivi wake Kyansittha, Shwezigon's design inoratidza kukanganisa kwezvizvarwa zvose. Saizvozvowo Shwedagon yakaramba iri kumaodzanyemba, Shwezigon yakashanda senyika yakatsaurirwa iyo madzimambo aigona kunyengeterera, kana kupa kuvonga nekuda, kubudirira: kona yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero yakachengeterwa minyengetero yakadaro.
Zita remutemberi rinoratidza chinangwa ichi: " S zv zvinoreva ndarama, zigo zvinoreva pasi kana kukunda," mutungamiri wangu VaAung akatsanangura. "Kana mambo ane nyaya inokosha, ivo vakamira ipapo kuti vanyengeterere zvavanoda kuita - zvido zvavo zvichazadzika."
Munharaunda yakareba 160-netsoka-yakakwirira yegoridhe, iwe uchawana mimwe mimwe mitambo iyo inoshumira zvose zve sacramental uye dzidzo. A pavilion inoratidza dioramas yekusangana kwaBuddha kokutanga neZvino Zviso; imwe inosanganisira mutsara wezvipo zvechipo zvakagadzirirwa munhete, uko iwe unokwanisa kuedza kupinza mari muhari.
Shwezigon isiriwo nzvimbo yekunamata (mweya) kunamata; chivakwa chakakomberedzwa dzimba dzimba dzinomirira maMyanmar 37 anozivikanwa nat s, uko vagari vangagona kunamatira kumudzimai wavo nekudzivirira kana kukumbira
03 of 07
Htilominlo Temple: Ode to an Umbrella
Kunze kweTemberi yeHtilominlo, inoonekwa kubva pasuo rekumusoro. Mike Aquino Mambo Htilominlo (akatonga 1211 kusvika muna 1235AD), muduku pane vose vashanu vedzinza kuna Mambo Sithu II, akagadzirisa kutonga kwake nekutenda mashura, apo amberi yemambo yakawira kuti iende. Zita raMambo neTemberi rinoratidza chiitiko chacho - "hti" (umbrella), "min" (mambo), uye "lo" (chishuwo chakanaka) chakaiswa pamwechete chinoreva kuti sambura yakasarudza mutungamiriri kuti ave mambo anotevera.
Tembere haisi iyo yakakura muBagan, asi iyo inofanirwa kuve imwe yezvakanaka kwazvo. Kupisa kwayo kunokwira mamita 150 pamusoro penyika yeBagan, uye imwe neimwe yemakona mana inotarisana nekadhiinheni inotaridzika inenge yakareba mamita 140 kubva kumativi ose. Rutivi rwemasvingo rwakakomberedza Temberi yeHtilominlo inofamba nematombo emisika ekutengesa mifananidzo, mbatya uye zviyeuchidzo zvakagadziriswa, kupa chivanze chetemberi mhepo yemusika.
Tsvuku dzine zvidhinha zvinoumba zvose masvingo uye sarudzo yetemberi: dzakawanda zvezvidhinha zvinoratidzwa, zvichiratidza kushandura kwemahombekombe uye yakananga brickwork ine zviduku zviduku pakati. Imba yematemberi inobudisa ina dzakagadzirwa zvifananidzo zveBuddha zvinotarisana nemumwe wemakadhiita mazano. Makamuri akabatanidzwa nemigwagwa yakatarwa nemafereko anoratidza hupenyu hwaBuddha nenguva.
Tsvaga zvakawanda pamusoro paMambo uye mazita ake ma temberi mune ino chinyorwa pamusoro peHitominlo Temple .
04 of 07
Ananda Temple: The One Perfect Temple
Inzvimbo mukati meAnanda Temple, Bagan, Myanmar. Mike Aquino Imba yeAnanda ndiyo kereke-yakadai seyakagadzikana uye vashomanana vakaenzana mukukura uye mune zvekunamata muBagan.
Mambo Kyansittha - mwanakomana waAnawrahta uye mubati shure kwekupedzwa kweShwezigon - akarayira kuvaka kweAnanda Temple, iyo yakagadzirirwa ne 1105AD. Kuzvikudza uye kukwana kwemafomu aAnanda zvakasimudzira nyaya shoma shoma.
Chokutanga, Ananda akaudzwa kuti ave nemapurani-mamiriri eAnanda akaurayiwa mushure mokunge temberi yapera, kuve nechokwadi kuti hapana imwe temberi yakakwana inogona kutevera muAnanda. Chechipiri, Kyansittha aiva nechinangwa chekuzviviga ari mupenyu muimba yaAnanda, asi achingotambudzwa nekumukuru wake mwari Shin Arahan.
"Kana iwe uchida kuvaka tembere senzvimbo tsvene, usazvipira iwe pachako!" Aung anofungidzira Shin Arahan achiraira mambo wake. "Kana ukadaro, haasi kuzova temberi, ichava guva."
Purogiramu yepasi yeAnanda yakafanana nemuchinjikwa wechiGiriki, nemigwagwa iyo inosvika kumakona mana makuru, inobva paimba ine imwe yeBudhadha ina, inomira anenge mamita mapfumbamwe mamita uye yakaitwa nematanda akavezwa. Imba iyi inobatanidza neinzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana yemigwagwa miviri: gomba remukati rakachengeterwa kushandiswa kwemhuri yeumambo, nekunze kwekushandiswa kwemamoni nevamwe vanozvipira.
Pasinei nedombo rakakura uye zvidhinha zvinoumba chimiro cheAnanda Temple, iyo yakagadzirirwa inoita kuti inzwe zvakanaka uye inoita zvakanaka: mhepo inobatanidza nzira kusvika kune kunze kwemhepo mhepo uye chiedza chinopararira muAnanda Temple, kuchengetedza mukati momufaro pasinei ne mafashamo evhudzi rakasununguka vanofamba mumigwagwa.
05 of 07
Dhammayangyi Temple: Bad Karma
Kunze kweDhammayangyi Temple, Bagan, Myanmar. Mike Aquino Temberi yeGagan yakakura yakavakwa nemudzvinyiriri Narathu, uyo akauya pachigaro kuburikidza nekuuraya baba vake Alaungsithu, uye akazozviuraya pachake. Panguva yekutonga kwake pfupi pakati pe1167 ne1171AD, Narathu akaedza kubvisa karma kuburikidza nekuvaka temberi yakareba kwazvo muBagan yose.
Dhammayangyi yakasiyana neyo piramiidal maitiro, iyo chete tembere yakadaro muMyanmar yose; iyo brickwork inoratidza zvisingaitikanwi zvakakosha zvepamusoro izvo Narathu akaisa kune vashandi vakazvimutsa.
"Narathu aida kuti Dhammayangyi ave akakwirira kudarika temberi yakanakisisa, iri nani kudarika mhizha [Ananda Temple]," VaAung vakatsanangura. "Ndokusaka akaraira vashandi kuti vaise zvidhina zvavo pedyo zvikuru." Mutariri aizotarisa netsanga-kana zvichikwanisika kuisa netsanga, vashandi vaizourawa. "
Kutaura kweropa kwakadaro pakupedzisira kwakaunza hutongi hwake hutenderedzwa hwakazara, makore mana chete mukutonga kwake. Mushure mokuuraya mambo weSri Lankan mukutsamwa, Narathu pachake akaurayiwa nevapambi vakatumwa nebaba vake vakatsamwira. Paakazofa, Dhammayangyi akanga asina kukwana - uye aizoramba aripo kubva ipapo.
"Hapana chimiro chakanaka mukati meDhammayangyi; mhomho dzakawanda, kunhuhwira mukati kunonyangadza," Aung anondiudza. "Kunyange vanhu vomunharaunda yavanotarisira kutadza kuyambuka mushure mekunge zuva rapera - vanofunga kuti temberi inotambudzwa.
06 of 07
Manuha Temberi: Imba yeShungu
Kunze kweMuha Temple, Bagan, Myanmar. Mike Aquino Anonzi mushure mokudzingwa kwaMambo mambo akavakira, Manuha ine zviguru zvina zvikuru zveBuddha, zvitatu mberi uye imwe ichigara shure. Chimwe chinhu pakati pezvivako zveGagan, Manuha yakavakwa namambo akakundwa anogara muutapwa.
Mambo Manuha, uyo ushe hwaItoon kumaodzanyemba kweBagan hwakakundwa namambo mukuru Anawrahta muzana remakore rechi11, akararama makore ake ekupedzisira akasungwa mumba muBagan. Akatengesa ruby ring kuti awedzere mari yakakosha yekuvaka temberi yava kunzi zita rake: temberi yakareba, ine makamuri mana ane zvitatu zvigaro zveBuddha zvinotarisana nechekumabvazuva, uye chifananidzo cheBuddha chakatarisana chakatarisana nechepamusoro nechokumusoro chakatarisana nechekumusoro.
Iyi mifananidzo mitatu yakatarisana nechekumabvazuva yeBuddha inomira mumakamuri makadzikidzwa nemakumbo asingasvikiki kupfuura mifananidzo ye "misoro" (pakati peBuddha inokwira mamita makumi mana pakureba, nepo Buddhas iri kumaodzanyemba 33 mamita akakwirira). Mune dzimwe nzvimbo vanotenda kuti maBudadha akavakirwa kuratidza kuti Mambo Manuha anorwadziwa mukati: umwe akagara Buddha ane "meso asingafari nemiromo", sezvandinotungamirirwa nemufambisi wangu, uye mumwewo ane chifukidzo chechifu chinoratidza kuti kutsamwa kwaMwari kunogara mukati memwoyo wake.
Iyo yakareba mamita 90-yakareba chifananidzo cheBuddha kumashure inoratidzira Buddha pamubhedha wake wekufa, rubatsiro rwekufungisisa nezvehupenyu hwekuvapo, VaAung vakatsanangura - "Kunyange Buddha, aifanira kufa rimwe zuva," akandiudza . "Hapana zvipo zvinokosha - kana kune kuberekwa, kuchava nekufa.Kana takaita zviito zvakanaka zvakakwana, uye kana tatoita kurangarira kwakarurama, hatingazotyi rufu.
07 of 07
Shwesandaw: Sunset Stupa
Exterior of Shwesandaw Temple, Bagan, Myanmar. Mike Aquino Shwesandaw imwe yematemberi mashanu chete ayo vatenzi vanobvumirwa kukwira (vamwe vari Thitsa Wadi, South uye North Guni, uye Pyathatgyi), asi maonero kubva kumatunhu mashanu mairi anonyanya kukosha iwe uchawana muBagan.
Masitepisi ekusimudza anotakura kubva kumucheto kusvika kumatunhu makuru; mumiririri wesimbi anopa mamwe maitiro evanokwira nematanho mashoma kudarika. Kubvira pakadzika kusvika kune hti kumusoro, Shwesandaw yakareba mamita makumi matatu; pamatunhu akakwirira pakati pemakiromita mazana maviri nemaviri mumhepo, vafambi vanotora maonero eAyeyarwady River iri kure, pamwe chete nezvivako zviri pedyo, pakati pavo iyo Thatbyinnyu Temple (haigone kupotsa, iyi ndiyo temberi yakareba kwazvo yeGagan ) uye Bagan Archaeological Museum.
Kudengenyeka kwenyika muna 1975 kwakaparadza Bagan uye kwakasiya chikwangwani chayo kuSweshewwww: iyo iwe unowona pamusoro wepamusoro inomiririra imwe iyo yakabvongodzwa panguva yekudengenyeka (yakasikwa iko zvino yava kugara yakachengeteka muArchaeological Museum). Temberi iri kushayikwa mazana ezviro zvevhu zvinotakura mifananidzo kubva kuJataka Tales.
Shwesandaw yakazaruka kwegore rose, asi kune yakanakisisa yose-yakapoteredza maonero, enda panguva yechando yeBagan pakati peNovember naFebruary, apo denga rakajeka uye kuonekwa kuri nani uye kwakanyanya. Iwe unofanirwawo kuita nguva yekushanyira kwako kuti ienderane nekunyura kwezuva kana kupera kwezuva, apo zuva rinoita nzvimbo dzezvidhinha dzematemberi dziri pedo dzinopenya mupfumi, ruvara rwemaruva.