3 Dzvene Odisha Buddhist Sites uye zvitsva

01 ye 04

Nhoroondo yeBuddhist Sites muOdhaisha

Iwe unogona kukanganwirwa nekuda kwekusaziva nezvemasimba matsvene eBuddhist muOrissa (Odisha). Mushure mezvose, ivo vakangove vakafurirwa munguva pfupi yapfuura uye zvikurukuru vasina kudzidza. Asi, nzvimbo dzinopfuura 200 dzeBuddhist, dzakapararira kumativi ose nekureba kwehurumende, dzakaratidzwa nezvidzidzo zvekuchera matongo. Vanoratidza hukuru hweBuddha muOdhaya kubva muzana remakore rekutanga rekutanga BC kusvikira makore zana nemakumi maviri nematanhatu AD, nezana remakore rechisere nemakore gumi nemakore iri nguva iyo yakabudirira chaizvo. Dzidziso dzeBuddhist dzinobva kumapoka ose (kusanganisira Hinayana, Mahayana, Tantayana uye mapurisa akadai saVajrayana, Kalacakrayana neSajjayana) anotenda kuti yakaitwa muOdhaya, ichipa nyika hupfumi hweHuddhist nhaka.

Nzvimbo yakawanda yevakashambadzi veBuddhist inogona kuwanikwa panzvimbo nhatu - Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, uye Lalitagiri - inonzi "Diamond Triangle". Nzvimbo idzi dzine mahedheni ezvitemberi, temberi, shrines, stupas, uye mifananidzo yakaisvonaka yemifananidzo yeBuddhist. Nzvimbo yavo yekumaruwa, pakati pezvikomo zvinoorera uye minda yepaddy, inofadza uye ine rugare.

Hurumende yeOdisha yakapedza makore mashomanana apfuura ichiita zvivako zvevashanyi zvakakomberedza nzvimbo idzi dzinokosha dzeBuddhist, iyo zvino yava imwe yenzvimbo dzepamusoro dzinoshanyira Odisha.

Nzira Yokuita Nayo Zvakanakisisa Kutarisa Odisha Ndekukosha Mabuddhist Sites?

Odisha's "Diamond Triangle" yezvivako zveBuddhist (Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, neLalitagiri) iri mumakomo eAsia, maawa anenge maviri achiendesa kuchamhembe kweBhubaneshwar. Nhandare iri pedyo iri kuBhubaneshwar uye nzvimbo yepamusoro yechiteshi chezvitima iri muCudtack.

Indian Railway's special Mahaparinirvan Express Buddhist Tourist Train yakatanga kusanganisira nzvimbo dzaOudisha dzeBuddhist mumugwagwa wayo, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisiri izvo zvakasara nekuda kwekushaiwa kwekusimudzirwa. Swosti Travels ndiyo inonyanya kupa mufambiro muHodisha uye inogona kutarisira zvose zvirongwa, kusanganisira kukodha motokari.

Avo vanoshuvira kushanyira nzvimbo yacho pachavo vanogona kugara pahotera yeToshali kuRatnagiri (yakavhurwa muna April 2013). Izvo zviri nyore zvakatarisana neAracheological Museum uye pedyo zvikuru nemashanyi aBudnagiri aBuddhist. Udayagiri iri pasi pemakiromita 10 kubva kuRaknagiri, uye Lalitagiri iri makiromita makumi maviri kubva kure.

Best Runoshanyira Rini?

Mwedzi inotonhora yakaoma kubva munaOctober kusvika munaChitatu ndiyo inonyatsonaka. Kana zvisina kudaro, mamiriro ekunze anowedzera kupisa zvakashata panguva yaApril naMeyi kusati kwatanga mhepo.

Verenga pamusoro kuti uwane zvakawanda pamusoro pezvivako zvitatu zveHuddha zvakakosha zvikuru.

02 of 04

Ratnagiri

Ratnagiri, "Gomo reJewels", rine mabhudha akawanda kwazvo eBuddhist muOudisha uye inokosha zvikuru sechikwata cheBuddhist - zvose pamifananidzo yayo yakaisvonaka uye senzvimbo yeidzidziso dzeBuddhist. Imwe yezvidzidzo zvekutanga zveBuddhist munyika, kurwisana nemukurumbira paNalanda (muBihar state), inofungidzirwa kuti yakanga iri paRatnagiri.

Nzvimbo yeBuddhist kuRatnagiri inotanga kusvika kumazana echitanhatu AD. Zvinoratidzika kuti chiBuddha chakabudirira chisina kushandiswa ipapo kusvikira muzana remakore rechi12 AD. Pakutanga, yaiva nzvimbo yeMahayana Buddhist. Munguva yezana remakore re8 neregumi nematanhatu AD, rakava nzvimbo inokosha yeTantic Buddhism. Nokudaro, yakakosha basa mukuonekwa kweKalachakra Tantra.

Nzvimbo yeRatnagiri yakawanikwa muna 1905. Kutsvaga kwakaitwa pakati pe198 kusvika muna 1961 kwakaratidza kunyanya kukuru, matemberi maviri, shrines, dzakawanda dzakawanda dzakaputika (zvakagadzirwa zvakawanda kusvika mazana manomwe!), Nhamba yakawanda yetikiti nematombo zvifananidzo, zvigadziriswa zvemaumbirwo, uye akawanda maBhudha anoshandiswa kare anosanganisira bhhironi, mhangura uye ndarira zvinhu (mamwe ane mifananidzo yeBuddha).

Imamatare inozivikanwa seMonastery 1, yakavakwa mumakore mazana mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe AD, ndiyo yakawanda yakawanda yakavakwa mumiririri muOdhaisha. Girazi rayo rakavezwa rakavezwa rinotungamirira kumatare makumi maviri nemaviri. Panewo nzvimbo yakagadzikana yakagadzirwa neBuddha, yakapoteredzwa nePadmapani neVajrapani, iri pakati pe sanctum.

Mifananidzo yakavezwa yemabwe yemusoro waIshe Buddha paRatnagiri inonyanya kukuvadza. Inopfuura makumi maviri nemaviri emisoro yakasiyana-siyana, mukurumbira mukuratidza kutaura kwakajeka kwekutaura kwaBuddha, kwakawanikwa panguva yekuchera. Vanoonekwa semabasa akanaka ekugadzira.

Mifananidzo yakavezwa yebwe yakave yakabviswawo kubva panzvimbo iyi uye ikozvino inoratidzwa mumakamuri mana paArcheological Museum mu Ratnagiri. Iyo yakazaruka zuva nezuva kubva 10am kusvika pa5 masikati, kunze kweChishanu.

03 of 04

Udayagiri

Udayagiri, "Sunrise Hill", iri kumusha kune imwe nzvimbo huru yeBuddhist muHodisha. Inoumbwa nematare ematare, machechi maviri ezvitini, chitubu chakatemwa nemanyorwa pamusoro pawo, uye mifananidzo yakawanda yeBuddhist yakavezwa nedombo.

Nzvimbo yeUdayagiri yakanyorwa kare kusvika kuma100-1300 AD. Kunyange zvazvo yakawanikwa muna 1870, matongo haana kutanga kusvika muna 1985. Akave akaitwa muzvikamu zviviri kumativi maviri akaenzana nemamita mazana maviri oga-Udayagiri 1 kubva muna 1985 kusvika muna 1989, uye Udayagiri 2 kubva muna 1997 kusvika muna 2003. Zvasara zvinoratidza kuti misha yacho yainzi "Madhavapura Mahavihara" uye "Simhaprastha Mahavihara", nekuremekedza.

Bhuku riri kuUdayagiri 1 rine zvigaro zvitanhatu zvematombo zvaIshe Buddha, zvakagadzirirwa uye zvinotarisana nemutungamiri umwe neumwe. Iyi imba yemasitori inowanikwawo inonakidza, ine 18 masero uye kamuri ye shrine iyo ine mufananidzo wakavezwa wakashongedzwa. Imba yakagadzirwa nemifananidzo yakawanda yeBuddhist nemifananidzo yakavezwa yeBuddhist divinity zvakare.

PaUdayagiri 2, kune nzvimbo yakawanda yakakura yemasimasi ine masero 13 uye chifananidzo chikuru cheBuddha, agere mu bhumisparsa mudra . Yaro yakafukidzwa nemasvingo ndeyezvishamiso zvekugadzira kubva muzana remakore re8 kusvika ku9 AD. Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana neiyi yemamende ndiyo nzira yakakomberedza shrine yayo, iyo isingawaniki kune imwe mimwe mimwe mitsva muOdhaisha.

Chimwe chiitiko paUdayagiri ndechekuyera kwemifananidzo yeBuddhist-rock-cutting, inotarisa Birupa rwizi (munzvimbo inozivikanwa seSolapuamaa) iri pasi. Kune zvifananidzo zvishanu zvinoumbwa nehupenyu hukuru-hukuru Boddhisattva, aimire Buddha, mwarikadzi agere pamusoro pechepa, mumwezve akamira Boddhisattva, uye anogara muBoddhisattva.

Nzvimbo yeUdayagiri inopikira humwe hupfumi, sezvo kuchine zvakawanda zvokufukura.

04 we 04

Lalitagiri

Masvingo eLalitagiri, asi asingave akazara seaya kuRatnagiri neUdayagiri, anonyanya kubva kuBuddhist yekare kudarika muOdisha. Kubvunzwa kukuru kwakaitwa kubva muna 1985 kusvika muna 1992 kwakazarura uchapupu hwokuti iri kuramba ichibviswa kubva muzana remakore rechipiri BC kusvikira kumazana e13 CE AD.

Zviyo zvakagadzirirwa zvakagadzirwa nechaputi , chikwata chaitya chaitya kana chaityagriha , madzimambo mana, nemifananidzo yakavezwa yakavezwa yeBuddha neBuddhist divinities.

Pasina mubvunzo, kuwanikwa kunonakidza kwakange kune zvitatu zvekatekets (maviri ane zviduku zvinyorwa zve charred bone) mukati me stupa kuLalitgiri. Bhuku reBuddha rinotaura kuti mushure mekufa kweBuddha, nhengo dzake dzakasara dzakagoverwa pakati pevadzidzi vake kuti vagoiswa mukati mezviputi. Nokudaro, zvakasara zvinofungidzirwa kuva zveBuddha pachake, kana mumwe wevadzidzi vake vakakurumbira. Hurumende yeOudisha inoda kuratidzira mabhokiti emasikisi muLamitagiri mune ramangwana.

The apsidal chaitya hall yakavhurwa paRalitagiri ndiyo yekutanga yeiyo mumutauro weBuddhism muOdhaisha (Jain imwe yakawanikwa mune imwe nzvimbo kare). Iyi imba yekunamatira yakavakwa ine mitsetse yakasviketa uye ine sara mukati, kunyange zvazvo yakanyangadza. Mutsara unofananidzira chimiro kusvika kumazana maviri-3 ezana AD.

Zvizhinji zvezvifananidzo zveBuddhist zvakawanikwa panguva yekuchera zvigaro zvakagadzirwa mucheka wakavezwa pedyo nevanamwari. Zvisinei, zviri pachena, vanoita zvishoma pasi pe50% yepfuma yepakutanga yepaiti. Vamwe vakashungurudzika, asi vamwe vakaendeswa kumamoriyamusi kune imwe nzvimbo.