Pakutanga akazvipira kune chiito cheShi'a Islam, musasa weAz-Azhar unenge wakaita saKaro pachako. Yakatumwa muna 970 neFatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz, uye yaiva yekutanga mumasikiti akawanda eguta racho. Sezvo yakave yakagadzirwa kare yeFatimid muEgypt, kukosha kwayo kunokosha. Iyo inozivikanwawo munyika yose sezvimbo yekudzidza kweIslam uye inofanana neAl-Azhar University yakakosha zvikuru.
The History of the Mosque
Muna 969, Ijipiti yakakundwa naGeneral Jawhar as-Siqili, achiita pasi pemirairo yeFatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz. Al-Mu'izz akapemberera nyika dzake itsva nekuvaka guta rine zita rakashandurwa se "kukunda al-Mu'izz". Iri guta rimwe zuva raizozivikanwa seCairo. Gore rakatevera, al-Mu'izz akarayira kuvaka kweMusque - al-Azhar. Yakapedzwa mumakore maviri chete, musikiti yakatanga kuvhura minyengetero muna 972.
MuchiArabic, zita rokuti Al-Azhar rinoreva "musikiti wekunakisisa". Nhoroondo yacho ndeyekuti iyi nhetembo yakanyora haisi kureva kunaka kwemu musikiti pachayo, asi kuna Fatima, mukunda weMuporofita Muhammad. Fatimah yaizivikanwa ne epithet "az-Zahra", zvinoreva kuti "kupenya kana kuchenesa". Kunyange zvazvo dzidziso iyi isingazivikanwi, inonzwisisika - shure kwezvose, Caliph al-Mu'izz akati Fatimah semumwe wemadzitateguru ake. A
Muna 989, mus Mosque yakagadza vadzidzisi makumi matatu, avo vakagara pokugara pedyo nenzvimbo yavo itsva yebasa.
Chinangwa chavo chaiva kuparadzira dzidziso dzeShia, uye nekufamba kwenguva, musikiti yakava yunivhesiti yakazara. Anozivikanwa muUmambo hweIslam, vadzidzi vakafamba kubva kumativi ose enyika kuzodzidza paAl-Azhar. Nhasi, iyi ndiyo yechipiri yekare yekugadzira yunivhesiti munyika yose uye inoramba iine imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro yezvikoro zveIslam.
Mosque Nhasi
Musikiti yakagamuchira chigaro cheyo yunivhesiti yekuzvimiririra muna 1961, uye ikozvino inodzidzisa zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zvinosanganisira mushonga uye sayenzi pamwechete nedzidziso dzezvitendero. Zvinofadza kuti, kunyange chekutanga che Fatimid Caliphate yakavaka Al-Azhar sechitendero chekuShia kunamata, chave chiremera chinonyanya kukosha pane zvidzidzo zveSunni nemutemo. Makirasi iye zvino anodzidziswa muzvivako zvakavakwa zvakakomberedza mus Mosque, zvichisiya Al-Azhar pachake kuti asakanganiswa munyengetero.
Pamusoro pemakore ekupedzisira yemakore ane chiuru, Al-Azhar aona vazhinji vachiwedzera, kugadzirisa, nekudzorerwa. Chigumisiro nhasi isimba rakagadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzinoratidza pamwe nekushanduka kwemaumbirwo eEgypt. Vakawanda venyika dzakanyanyisa zvikuru vakasiya mararamiro avo pamusikiti. Aya mahlanu minarets aripo, somuenzaniso, ndeyezvinyorwa zvemashoko akasiyana-siyana anosanganisira aya eMamluk Sultanate uye Ottoman Empire.
Imwe yekutanga yekare yakange yaenda, iyo yakaitika yakaitwa nevakawanda zvekuvakwa kwechivakwa chemu musikisi kunze kweiyo arcades uye imwe yemhando yakaisvonaka yekushongedza. Nhasi, musikiti haine masuo mashoma kupinda matanhatu. Vashanyi vanopinda nepakati peGedhi reBarber, kuwedzera kwezana remakore rechi18 rinodanwa nokuti vadzidzi vakanga vamboveurwa pasi payo.
Gedhi rinozarura muchivanze chena marble, iyo ndeimwe yezvikamu zvekare zvemu musque.
Kubva muchivanze, zvitatu zvemisikiti yemasikiti zvinoratidzika. Izvozvi zvakavakwa mumazana emakore gumi nemana, nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi matanhatu. Vashanyi vanobvumirwa kupinda muchengeti wemunamato uri pedo, unova musha kune mihrab yakanaka kwazvo, niche yakatenderera yakaiswa mumadziro emasikiti ose kuitira kuratidza kutungamirirwa kweMecca. Zvizhinji zveMusque yakavharwa kuvashanyi, kusanganisira mabhuku ake makuru, ayo ane dzimba dzakawanda dzinotangira zvakare muzana remakore rechi8.
Mashoko Anoshanda
Al-Azhar Mosque iri pamwoyo weIslamic Cairo, munharaunda yeEl-Darb El-Ahmar. Kubvuma kwakasununguka, uye musikiti inoramba ichizaruka zuva rose. Zvakakosha kuremekedza nguva dzose mukati memusikiti.
Vakadzi vanofanira kupfeka zvipfeko zvinofukidza maoko avo nemakumbo, uye vanofanirwa kupfeka shangu kana chifukidzo pamusoro pebvudzi ravo. Vashanyi vemurume nomukadzi vachatoda kubvisa shangu dzavo vasati vapinda. Tarisira kutaurira varume vanotarisira shangu dzako paunodzoka.
NB: Ndapota cherechedzai kuti mashoko ari munyaya ino yakarurama panguva yekunyora, asi inofanira kuchinja chero nguva.