Baba Junipero Serra ndivo Baba veMisangano
Baba Junipero Serra anozivikanwa saBaba veCalifornia yeSpain missions. Iye pachake akaumba mapfumbamwe eCalifornia ma 21 eSpanish misangano uye akashumira semutungamiriri weCalifornia mission kubvira muna 1767 kusvikira afa muna 1784.
Baba Serra Vakatanga Kurarama
Baba Serra vakaberekerwa Miguel Jose Serra musi waNovember 24, 1713, kuPetra pachitsuwa cheMallorca kuSpain. Pazera remakore gumi nematanhatu, akapinda muFranciscan Order yeChechi yeKaturike, boka revapristi vanotevera dzidziso dzeSt.
Francis weAsisi. Paakazobatana nehurongwa, akachinja zita rake kuJunipero.
Serra aiva murume akangwara uyo aiva purofesa webhaibheri. Akaita seakagadzirirwa hupenyu hwose hwekutsvaga zvidzidzo.
Baba Serra Vanoenda kuNyika Itsva
Muna 1750, Baba Serra vakanga vakwegura (kuburikidza nemitemo yezuva rake) uye muhutano hwakaipa. Pasinei naizvozvo, Serra akazvipira kuva mufundisi weFrance muNyika Itsva.
Serra akanga achirwara paakazosvika kuVera Cruz, Mexico, asi akaramba achifamba kubva ipapo kuenda kuMexico City, makiromita mazana maviri kubva kure. Ari munzira, utsi hunomutambudza, uye chirwere chacho chakatapukirwa. Uku kukuvara kwakamuvhiringidza kwehupenyu hwake hwose.
Baba Serra vakashanda munzvimbo yeSier Gorda yekuchamhembe kweMexico kwemakore 17 anotevera. Muna 1787, vaFranciscans vakatora maCalifornia mamishinari kubva kumaJesuits, uye Baba Serra vakaiswa mutariri.
Baba Serra Vanoenda kuCalifornia
Pazera remakore makumi mashanu, Serra akaenda kuCalifornia kokutanga nenguva nemumwe anotsvaga Gaspar de Portola.
Zvinangwa zvavo ndezvematongerwe enyika uye zvechitendero. Spain yaida kugadzirisa chiCalifornia pamberi peRussia ichikwira mukati mayo kubva kuchamhembe.
Serra akafamba nemasoja ndokuisa misasa mundima itsva. Ari munzira yekuCalifornia, gumbo raSerra rakanga rakasuruvara zvokuti akanga asingakwanisi kufamba, asi akaramba kudzokera kuMexico.
Anotsanangurwa achiti "Kunyange zvazvo ndichifanira kufa munzira, handingadzoki."
Serra Anova Baba veCalifornia Missions
Serra akapedza hupenyu hwake hwose sevakuru vemamishinari muCalifornia, akatanga nhanhatu mapfumbamwe kune vose - kusanganisira Mission San Carlos de Borromeo muKarmel uko aive neimba yake huru.
Pakati pezvimwe zviitiko, Serra akaisa huri uye irrigation systems uye akachinja maIndia kuva chiKristu. Zvinosuruvarisa, hazvisi zvose zvakaguma zveSpanish kugara kune zvakanaka. Vapristi veSpain nemasoja vakatakura zvirwere zveEurope izvo vanhu vemunharaunda vakange vasina chirwere chekuzvidzivirira. Apo vaIndia vakabata chirwere ichi, vaigara vachifa. Nemhaka yeiyo, chiIndia yeCalifornia yakaramba kubva kune vanenge 300 000 muna 1769 kusvika 200 000 muna 1821.
Baba Serra vaiva murume muduku akashanda zvakaoma pasinei nekurwara kwepanyama kwaisanganisira chirwere uye chironda pamakumbo ake asina kumbopora. Akatambudzwa uye akafamba uye akatasva bhiza mazana emakiromita munzvimbo yakaoma uye ine ngozi.
Sezvo izvi zvisingakwani, Serra aizivikanwa nokuda kwezviito zvakarambwa kuti arambe mafungiro ake uye nyama, dzimwe nguva nokuzvikonzera marwadzo. Akanga akapfeka shangu dzakakura nematare akacheka akataridzirwa mukati, akazvamburudza kusvikira apfugama, uye akashandisa mwenje unopisa kuti afukidze chifuva chake.
Pasinei nezvose izvi, akafamba makiromita anopfuura 24 000 muupenyu hwake.
Baba Serra vakafa muna 1784 pazera remakore makumi manomwe paMission San Carlos de Borromeo. Akavigwa pasi peimba tsvene.
Serra Anova Mutsvene
Muna 1987, Papa John Paul II akashandura Baba Serra, danho rwenzira yekuenda. Muna 2015, Papa Francis akaita Serra mutsvene paakashanyira kuUnited States.
Muna 2015, Papa Francis akakwanisa kushumira Serra, achimuita saintori mukuru. Icho chaiva chiito chekuti vamwe vanhu vairumbidzwa uye vamwe vakatongerwa. Kana iwe uchida kuwana maonero kumativi ose maviri, verenga nyaya ino kubva kuNNN, iyo inosanganisira mazano kubva kumudzimai wevanhu vekuAmerica vakashanda kuti vawane sarudzo yeSerra.
Misheni Yakatangwa naBaba Serra
- San Diego de Alcala , 1769
- San Carlos de Borromeo de Carmelo , 1770
- San Antonio de Padua , 1771
- San Gabriel Arcangel , 1771
- San Luis Obispo de Tolosa , 1772
- San Juan Capistrano , 1776
- San Francisco de Asis , 1776
- Santa Clara de Asis , 1777
- San Buenaventura , 1782