Mugwagwa Unoenda kune Chikamu cheIreland muDzimwe Nyika Dzakasiyana
Nhoroondo yeIreland ndeyekare uye yakaoma - uye imwe yemigumisiro yekurwa kwekusununguka yaiva imwezve mhirizhonga. Nenzira yekusika kwemaviri maviri akasiyana pachiwi chiduku ichi. Sezvo chiitiko ichi uye mamiriro ezvinhu aripo anoenderera mberi kujekesa vashanyi, regai tiedze kutsanangura zvakaitika.
Kubudirira kweIrish Internal Divisions kusvika kuzana remakore rechi20
Chaizvoizvo dambudziko rose rakatanga apo madzimambo eIrish akabatanidzwa muhondo yehurumende uye Diarmaid Mac Murcha vakakokera Anglo-Norman mamenari kuti avarwirwe - muna 1170 Richard FitzGilbert, anonyanya kuzivikanwa se " Strongbow ", akatanga kutsika pavhu reIrish.
Uye akafarira izvo zvaakaona, akaroora mwanasikana waMac Murcha Aoife uye akasarudza kuti aizoramba ari akanaka. Kubva mubatsiro wekubhadhara kuna mambo weimba yakatora mashomanana mashomanana anomhanyisa nemunondo weStongbow. Kubvira ipapo Ireland yakanga iri (yakawanda kana zvishoma) pasi pekutonga kweChirungu.
Apo vamwe veIrish vakaronga ivo pachavo nevatongi vatsva uye vakaita kuuraya (kazhinji chaizvoizvo) pasi pavo, vamwe vakatora nzira yekumukira. Uye kusiyana kwemadzinza kwakakurumidza kusvibiswa, neveChirungu pamba vachigunun'una kuti vamwe vekodzero dzavo vaive "vaIrish vakawanda kupfuura yeIrish".
MuTudor nguva dzeIreland dzakazopedzisira dzava hutoni - vanhu veEngland uye yeScotland uye vanhu vaduku (vasingasviki) vedzimba dzakatumirwa ku " Masimwa ", vachigadzira urongwa hutsva. Mumagariro ose - Henry VIII ainge aita zvinoparadzaniswa nepapa uye vatori vatsva vakaunza kereke yeAnglican navo, vachinzi "vapurotesitendi" nevahedheni vechiKaturike.
Pano mitsara yekutanga pamwe nemitsetse yechitendero yakatanga. Izvi zvakadzika nekuuya kweSpresbyterian yeScotland, kunyanya muItster Plantations. Yakasimba anti-Katurike, pro-Paramende uye yakatarwa nokusavimba neAnglican Ascendency yakaumba rudzi rwemadzinza uye echitendero.
Mhuri Rule - uye Loyalist Kudzoka
Mushure mokunge maitiro akawanda asina kubudirira ekurwisana kweIreland (mamwe akatungamirirwa nevaPurotesitendi vakaita saWolfe Tone) uye kubudirira kwekodzero dzekodzero dzeKaturike pamwe nechiyero chekuzvidzora kweIrish, "Home Rule" kwaiva kuchema kwevanhu vechiIrish munyika yeVictorian.
Izvi zvakadanira kusarudzwa kweungano yeIrish, izvi mukusarudza hurumende yeIreland uye kushandiswa kweIrish kwemukati mukati mehutongi hweBritain Empire. Mushure mekuedza kwemiviri Imba Rule yaifanira kuitika muna 1914 - asi yakaiswa pamusana wemoto nekuda kwehondo muEurope.
Asi kunyange zvisati zvamboitika kuSarjevo zvichitsvairwa, hondo dzehondo dzakarohwa muIreland - avo vaipfurikidza neBrithani vashoma, kunyanya vakagara muUlster, vachitya kurasika kwesimba uye kutonga. Vakasarudza kuenderera mberi kwechimo che quo . Gweta reDublin Edward Carson uye vezvematongerwo enyika veBritain Conservative Bonar Law vakave mazwi anopikisa Home Rule, aida kuoneswa kwevanhu vakawanda uye muna Svondo 1912 vakakoka vashandi pamwe navo kuti vasaina "Solemn League neChipikirwa". Vanenge hafu yemamiriyoni varume nevakadzi vakasaina gwaro iri, vamwe zvinoshamisa muropa ravo-vachivimbisa kuchengetedza Ulster (pamwe) chikamu cheUnited Kingdom nenzira dzose dzinodikanwa. Mugore rinotevera 100 000 varume vakanyorerwa muIndster Volunteer Force (UVF), sangano rakasarudzika rakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza Home Rule.
Panguva imwecheteyo vaIvoland Volunteers vakagadzwa mumasangano ehurumende - nechinangwa chekudzivirira Pamba Rule. 200,000 nhengo dzaive dzakagadzirira kuita.
Kupandukira, Hondo uye Chibvumirano cheAnglo-Irish
Kubatana kwevaIvory Volunteers vakabatanidzwa muIsita Rising of 1916 , zviitiko uye kunyanya pashure pekupedzisira zvakagadzira hutsva, hutsinye uye huri nehurumende yenyika. Kukunda kunoshamisa kweSinn Féin musarudzo ye1918 kwakatungamirira pakuumbwa kwekutanga Dáil Éireann munaJanuary 1919. Hondo ye guerilla yakasungwa neIrish Republican Army (IRA) yakatevera, ichitsvaga mukutarisana uye pakupedzisira chirevo chaJuly 1921.
Imba Rule yakanga iine chibvumirano chakasiyana kune chikwata chakasiyana chechiPurotesitendi yeWestster ( Antrim , Armagh , Down, Fermanagh , Derry / Londonderry uye Tyrone ) uye chirevo chakanaka che " South ". Izvi zvakasvika kunopera kwegore ra1921 apo Chibvumirano cheAngland neIrish chinoumba Irish Free State kubva kumakumi makumi maviri nemaviri emasara, akatongwa naDáil Éireann.
Kutaura zvazviri, yakanga yakaoma kupfuura iyo kunyange ... Testamende, painova kushanda, yakagadzira Irish Free State yematunhu makumi maviri nemaviri, iyo yose chitsuwa. Asi pakanga pane chirevo chekubuda kunze kwemazana matanhatu muIlster. Uye izvi zvaiitwa, nemhaka yezvinetso zvenguva, nguva chete mushure mokunge Free State yavapo. Nokudaro kwezuva rimwe chete paiva neIreland yakabatana zvachose, chete inofanira kupatsanurwa kuva mbiri mangwanani anotevera. Sezvo vachiri kutaura kuti neIrish chero ipi zvayo yekuita musangano, nhamba yehurukuro yekutanga ndeye mubvunzo "Tinoparadzaniswa zvipi?"
Saka Ireland yakakamurwa - nesungano yevatauriri vemarudzi. Uye nepo huwandu hwakawanda huchigamuchira chibvumirano sehuipi hwakaipa, nyika dzakasimba dzakaona sekutengeswa. Hondo yeIrish Civil pakati peIRA neFree State Forces yakatevera, ichitungamirira kuwedzerwa ropa, uye kunyanya kuurayiwa kupfuura Easter Rising. Mumakumi makumi emakore anouya chete chibvumirano chinofanira kuputswa-danho-ne-nhanho, kusvika pakugadziriswa kwe "unilateral" ye "mutongi, hurumende yezvematongerwo enyika" muna 1937. Republic of Ireland Act (1948) yakapedzisa kusikwa kwehurumende itsva.
I "North" yakatumirwa kubva kuStormont
Chisarudzo cha1918 muUnited Kingdom chakanga chisiri kubudirira chete kuSinn Féin - vaCervervatives vakachengetwa chibvumirano kubva kuna Lloyd George kuti matare matanhatu eUsterster aisazokamanikidzwa kupinda muRute Rule. Asi kukurudzirwa kwa1919 kwakasimudzira paramende (ose mapfumbamwe mapfumbamwe e) Ulster uye imwe yeIreland yose, zvose zviri kushanda pamwechete. Cavan , Donegal naMonaghan vakazobudiswa kunze kweparamende ye Ulster ... ivo vakaonekwa sekuvhiringidza vato reUnitedist. Izvi chaizvoizvo zvakasimbisa kupatsanangurira sezvo ichiripo kusvikira nhasi.
Muna 1920 Mutemo weHurumende weIreland wakapfuudzwa, muna May 1921 sarudzo yekutanga yakaitwa muNorthern Ireland uye vazhinji veUnitedist vakagadza hutungamiri hwe (kare). Sezvakatarisirwa iyo Northern Northern Parliament (yakagara muPresbyterian Assembly's College kusvikira ichienda kune grandiose Stormond Castle muna 1932) yakaramba chibvumirano chekubatana neIrish Free State.
Migumisiro yeIrish Partition yeVatashanyi
Kunyange kusvika kumakore mashomanana adarika kupfuura kubva kuRiphabliki kusvika kuchamhembe kungave kwakabatanidza kuongorora kwakakwana uye mibvunzo yekuongorora, muganhu nhasi hauoneki. Izvo zvinenge zvisingadzorwi, sezvo pasina mazhenje kana kunyange zviratidzo!
Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvinorehwa, kune vatashanyi uye nzvimbo dzinoongorora-nguva dzose inogona kuvapo. Uye nechetestre yeBrexit, kubvisa kweUnited States kubva kuEU, kuri kuuya, zvinhu zvinogona kuve zvakaoma kupfuura izvi:
- Northern Ireland achiri chikamu cheUnited States, Republic ine nyika yakasiyana - izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unofanira kutarisa mabritish neIrish ekudzorwa uye mitemo yevisa vasati vayambuka muganhu.
- Kune mari mbiri muIreland - apo Republic rinoshandisa Euro, Northern Ireland inonamatira kuPound Sterling.
- Paunofamba neIreland unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti zviratidzo zvemugwagwa zvakasiyana - kunyanya kukurumidza uye kumhanya kunotumirwa mumakiromita kumaodzanyemba, mumakikiti muRepublic.
- Tarisa nekambani yemotokari yako kana iwe uri kutenderwa kuyambuka muganhu - dzimwe nguva mitemo inoshandiswa.
- Kunyange zvazvo kuchamhembe kweIreland hakufaniri kuonekwa senzvimbo ine ngozi , kuchengeteka mamiriro ezvinhu kunogona kushevedza matanho asinganzwisisiki nguva nenguva - kufamba kwezvifambiso kunonyanya kuoneka.
- Mitengo inogona kusiyanisa zvakashata pakati peNorth Ireland neRepublic - petrol inowanzokodhura zvikuru muNorth apo mabhizimusi angave akadhura ipapo.