Czars aiva madzimambo eRussia; vakatonga kwemazana emakore kusvika muna 1917 Russian Revolution. Varume ava nevakadzi vakapa ruzivo munharaunda yacho nekugadzirisa uye kukunda, vakavaka zvivako zvekuvakwa zvinokosha zvichiri kumira nhasi, uye zvinonakidza nyaya dzekudzidza ivo pachavo. Nhoroondo dzavo dzinopa mamiriro ezvinhu ekunzwisisa Russia yemazuva ano.
Izwi rokuti "czar" rinobva pashoko rechiLatini rokuti "Kesari," rinoreva umambo.
Kunyangwe mutauro weRussia une shoko kune mambo (korol), zita iri rinoshandiswa kumadzimambo eWestern. Nokudaro, "mambo" ane zvinyorwa zvakasiyana pane "mambo."
Ivan anotyisa
Ivan aityisa aiva mhare yekare uye anokunda vaTatars, avo vakakundwa neEurope kwemazana emakore. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vakashandisa zita remusoro pamberi peIvan the Terrible, ndiye aiva wokutanga kusarudzwa kuti "Czar weRussia yose." Akatonga kubva muna 1533 kusvika muna 1584. Zvimwe zvinotyisa kudarika zvinotyisa, uyu mambo ndeye nhoroondo dzenhema dzinotaura pamusoro pesimba rake nekutyisa.
Vashanyi kuRussia vanoona uchapupu hwaIvan Kutyisa kwekutonga paRed Square uye mukati memadziro eKremlin. Imwe yezviratidzo zveRussia, Cathedral yaSt. Basil , yakavakwa naIvan the Terrible yekuyeuka kubatwa kwake kweKazan neAstrakhan, mbiri dzeTatar. Mumasvingo eKremlin, Annunciation Cathedral inotakura Ivan the Terrible's mark: Kereke iyi yaiva neberere yakasanangurwa zvakanyanya kuna mambo apo iye akadziviswa kupinda mushure mokuroora mudzimai wake wechina.
Boris Godunov
Boris Godunov anozivikanwa seimwe yenyika huru yeRussia. Akanga asingakodzeri kuburikidza nekuberekwa, uye saka kumuka kwake mumamiriro uye simba kwakaratidza unhu hwake hweutungamiri uye chido chekuda. Mwariunov akatonga se regent mushure mekufa kwaIvan the Terrible kubva muna 1587 kusvika muna 1598 uye akabva asarudzwa mambo pashure pokunge mwanakomana weIvan uye mugari wenhaka; akatonga kubva muna 1598 kusvika muna 1605.
Nhaka chaiyo yekutonga kwaMwariunov inowanikwa muKremlin yaIvan the Great Bell Tower . Akarayira kureba kwayo kuti kuwedzere uye kwete kweimwe zvivako muMoscow kuti iipfuure. Mwariunov haana kufa mukutamba naAlexander Pushkin uye opera naModest Mussorgsky.
Peter Mukuru
Zvinangwa zvePeter the Great uye kushandurwa kwakashandura mararamiro eRussia. Uyu mambo weRussia, uyo akanga ari mambo weRussia yose kubvira muna 1696 kusvika muna 1725, akaisa basa rake mune zvemazuva ano uye kumadokero kweRussia. Akavaka St. Petersburg kunze kwemahombekombe, akagadzira tafura yevashandi vehurumende, akashandura kalendari yeRussia, akavaka rusvingo rweRussia uye akawedzera miganhu yeRussia.
Umambo hweRussia hahupo, asi Petro Mukuru anorarama. Dai iyo yakanga isiri yePyotr Velikiy, sezvaanozivikanwa mumutauro weRussia, guta guru reSt. Petersburg raisazovapo. "Windwende yeRussia" kumaRussia yakasarudzwa nemukuru naPeter Mukuru, uye tsika uye hupfumi hwakabudirira ipapo, sezvazvakanga zvakaita muRussia guta guru reMoscow.
Vashanyi veSt. Petersburg vanogonawo kuona chimwe chezvinhu zvakasikwa zvikuru zvaPeter, Peterhof . Runako rwevashandi veimba iyi huri kuWestern Europe. Icho chinokwezva mapoka evashanyi muzhizha rose anoshamiswa pamatsime ayo egoridhe uye mukati mekugara ane hupfumi.
Catherine Mukuru
Catherine Mukuru ndiye mumwe wevatongi veRussia vane mukurumbira, asi iye akanga asiri chiRussia zvachose. Akazvarwa muPrussia, Catherine akaroora muhurumende yeRussia ndokuita kuti abvumire kuparadza murume wake uye kutora kutonga kweRussia Empire. Panguva yaakatonga kubva muna 1762 kusvika muna 1796, akawedzera umambo uye akaedza kuramba achivandudza Russia kuitira kuti ionekwe sehukuru hweEurope.
Catherine akatungamirira hupenyu hwehupenyu hunofadza, uye mukurumbira wake wekutora vadikanwi. Vavengi vake vakasarudzwa dzimwe nguva vaiita sevanopa mazano, dzimwe nguva saiye playthings. Vaive vachipiwa zvipo nokuda kweshamwari dzavo pamwe chete uye vakave vakakurumbira ivo pachavo.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa naCatherine kuPetersburgian landscape is Bronze Horseman chimiro. Iyo inoratidzira Petro Mukuru pamabhiza uye akatora mutsva mutsva netsumo yaAlexander Pushkin yezita rimwe chete.
Nicholas II
Nicholas II akanga ari mambo wekupedzisira weRussia uye mambo. Musoro wemhuri yeRomanov, akazova mambo muna 1894 uye akazvidza chigaro munaMarch 1917 pasi pekumanikidzwa nevaBolshevik, avo vakanga vaparadza hurumende muna 1917. Iye nemhuri yake - mudzimai wake, vanasikana vana uye mwanakomana wake uye mugari wenhaka - vakatakurwa kuenda kuYekaterinburg, kwavakaurayiwa muna July 1918.
Nicholas II aizivikanwa semutongi asina simba uye uyo akashinga achikwira pachigaro. Akapararira uye achiwedzera mhirizhonga pakati pevatongi vake vasati vasungwa vasati vamuita kuti asafarirwa. Mudzimai wake, Alexandra, mutambo weGermany uyewo muzukuru weEngland Queen Victoria, akanga asingadiwo; iye akapindira zvakashata kuRussia uye yakanga iri nyaya yemheheti kuti yaiva spy yeGermany. Apo Rasputin, ainyengeri, akazviisa muNicholas neAlexandra hupenyu hwake, vaviri veumambo vakatarisana nekushorwa.
Kuurawa kwaNicholas II nemhuri yake kwakaratidza kuguma kweumambo hweRussia. Mukubatana neBolshevik Revolution, yakatanga munguva itsva yeRussia, nyika dziri pedyo nenyika.