Kuyeuka D-Day muFrance - June 1944
Vafambi vanofarira nhoroondo vanogonazve kurarama imwe yenzvimbo dzinokosha dzeHondo Yenyika II muNormandy, France. Masangano akabatana akayambuka English Channel ndokubva aenda kuNormandy panaJune 6, 1944. Rwizi runotsika pasi rweSeine kubva kuParis kana kune rimwe gungwa rinosvika kuLe Havre kana Honfleur yakakwana yekushanyira Normandy mabhiri eFrance. Ichi chinyorwa chinotsanangura chiitiko chekufamba kwegungwa kubva kurwizi kana gungwa.
Panzira inoenda kuD-Day mabheji, iwe unyambuka Normandy Bridge, imwe yemabhiriji akareba kwenguva refu munyika. Icho chinopfuura pamusoro peSeine River pedyo apo inopinda muChirungu Channel. Iri rwizi ndiro rimwe chete rinotenderera neParis asi rakakura zvikuru sezvo Paris iri kupfuura maawa matatu kumucheto.
Imwe yekutanga kumira iri paPegasus Bridge, nzvimbo yekutanga inosunungurwa neAllies panguva yaJune 6, 1944, kupinda. Bhiriji iri paBenouville pedyo neOudreham. Zvakatora vaAllies maminitsi 10 chete kutora Pegasus Bridge, uye vakashandisa gliders. Kupinda kwemauto kwakatanga pakati pousiku musi waJune 6.
IAllies inoda imwe vhiki masanhatu kuti inotora Caen pedyo neOrne River. Pegasus Bridge yakavakwazve makore mazhinji apfuura nokuti yakanga yakanyanya kuderera kumamori ezuva ranhasi. Bhiriji idzva inofananidzirwa yepakutanga, iyo yakakura chete. Iyo yepakutanga yakatamiswa kure neKaen Canal duku inopfuura uye inogara kune imwe pedyo nePegasus Bridge museum.
Pamaawa maviri kuenda kune bhiriji kubva kuLe Havre, mazano anopa mazano mazhinji pamusoro peD-Day uye kuti kupindira kunorevei kune vaFrance uye kuHondo. Vanopawo zvimwe zvekunaka kweNormandy. Vaya vakaona firimu reD-Day The Longest Day vachaziva kuti firimu iyi yakarurama chaizvo mukuratidzwa kwayo kwezviitiko zveJune 6.
Ndiyo pfungwa yakanaka kutarisa firimu usati washanyira Normandy.
Normandy, kufanana nezvose zveFrance, inozivikanwa nekuda kwekudya kwayo. Zvimwe zvezvigadzirwa zvekudya zvinonakidza zvikuru. Kutanga, Normandy yakaipisisa kudarika dzimwe dzose dzeFrance, uye mazambiringa haakurati zvakanaka. Zvisinei, maapuro anoita, uye maFrance anoita zvose cider uye appy brandy inonzi Calvados muNormandy. Muchengetedze anenge anenge matatu muzana doro uye akafanana newaini inotapira. ICalvados yakasimba kwazvo uye inonzi inonzi "Norman hole" mudumbu rako. Iro tsika yekunwa Calvados panguva yekupemberera kwemazuva maviri kuNorman michato inosanganisira inenge isiri-stop kudya. Maererano nenhau, maCalvados anodiwa kuti atakure dumbu mudumbu rako kuitira kuti ugone kudya zvakanyanya!
Mumwe weNormandy dish vanhu vanovada kana kuvenga ndiCaen's fashion mode. Idya iyi inogadzirwa nekuisa maeii netikodhi pasi pecasserole, zvino kuwedzera chitsika chetsoka nenyama yaro, pamusoro payo inogadziriswa nenyuchi (matumbo), garlic, leeks, uye herbs. Izvi zvinoputirwa neaple cider uye - sezvo Caen iguta reNormandy - rakapedzwa nepfuti reCalvados. Iyo casserole inobva yaiswa chisimbiso nehupfu hweupfu nemvura uye yakabikwa kwemaawa gumi kusvika ku12.
Pakupedzisira, inoshandiswa kunotonhora mumvura yayo.
Izwi D-Day ndiro zuva rokutanga rekushanda kwehondo chero ripi uye rinoshandiswa nevarwi vezvechiuto nekuda kwekugadzirira. MaNormandy mabheji ari makiromita makumi maviri kubva kuEngland, achienzanisa ne19 pamusasa wepedyo uri pedyo neCalais. VaJalimane vaiva nematokari pamwe chete neChirungu Channel zvakanyatsochengetedzwa, saka vaAllies vakasarudza kuva nenzvimbo huru yekuderera pasi muNormandy coast. Kurwendo kunofamba uchifamba nemhenderekedzo yeArromanches.
Zvose zvebhedha dzinoita seine rugare, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti zvinofanira kunge zvakafanana sei nemauto uye vagari vomunharaunda panguva yekupinda.
Eisenhower aida marara akadzika, mwedzi wakakwana, uye mamiriro akanaka emamiriro okunze kwekuuya. Nokudaro, izvo zvinoda zvishoma zvinopedzisira kuitika kune mazuva matatu chete pamwedzi. VaAllies vakabva kuEngland musi waJune 5, asi vaifanira kudzokera shure nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze akaipa. June 6 yakanga isiri nani, asi Eisenhower akapa iyo-mberi. Zvinotarisirwa kuti, General Rommel weGermany akatora musi waJune 6 ndokuenda kuGermany kuzoona mudzimai wake nokuti yaiva zuva rake rokuberekwa. Akanga asingafungi kuti Allies aizoedza kuparadza France munzvimbo dzakashata zvakadaro!
Mushure mokufamba mhiri pamakungwa matatu (Sword, Gold, uye Juno) vakapinda nemaBritish maviri mapoka evanhu makumi matatu nemakumi matatu emasere uye muCanada, muchifambisa nemamwe misha yakaisvonaka yeNormandy yakazara nemigwagwa shoma uye maruva vasati vasvika paArromanches, nzvimbo ye unyanzvi hunoshamisa - chiteshi chengarava.
Mushure mokufamba kwemafirimu epakati peNormandy, gungwa redu rinogona kunge riri rokutanga. Zvinonakidza kunzwa uye kuverenga chokwadi pamusoro pechikepe chekuvaka chakavakwa paArromanches mumazuva ekutanga pashure pokupinda. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vasiri nhoroondo dzezvematongerwo enyika vasina kumbobvira vanzwa nezveiyanisi ino, zvinonakidza, kunyanya sezvo yakavakwa muna 1944.
Winston Churchill aiva nechinangwa chekuona kukosha kwekugadzirwa kwechikepe chekuvaka muNormandy. Aiziva kuti zviuru zvemauto akawira pamahombekombe eFrance anongotakura zvigadzirwa zvakakwana (zvokudya, mabhuti, mafuta, etc.) kwemazuva mashoma. Sezvo veAllies vakanga vasina kuronga kuparadza chero ipi zvayo mahombekombe makuru aivapo kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe yeFrance, mauto aizotambudzika pasina kusimbiswa kwezvinhu. Nokudaro, injini dzakatora pfungwa yaChurchill uye dzakavaka makorokisi makuru aizokwanisa kushandiswa kugadzira zvidhori zvaidiwa kuchiteshi. Nokuda kwekuvanzika kwakadikanwa, vashandi muEngland vakagadzira giant blocks vasingazivi kunyange zvavakanga vari!
Imyuziyamu inogara pahombekombe paArromanches, uye nekutarisa kunze kwemahwindo anotenderera kumativi ose egungwa remuziyamu, iwe unogona kuwona masasa echikamu chechikepe chekuvaka. Zvizhinji zvezvikanda zvakakura zvekrete zvakashandiswa kune imwe nzvimbo mushure meHondo, asi zvakakwana zvakasara kuti dziwane manzwisisiro akaita kuti gungwa racho rakataridzika sei. Imyuziyamu inewo firimu shoma uye mienzaniso yakawanda uye mifananidzo yekuvakwa kwechikepe.
Zvinopfuura kungoita zvakaderera zvaidiwa kuti ugadzire chiteshi chenguva uye chikepe. Mumazuva okutanga mushure mokupinda, maAllies akavhara zvikepe zvekare zvekare kuti zviputse mvura.
Zvadaro mabheji akavakwa muEngland aifamba nechechi English Channel kuenda kuArromanches kwavakange vakaungana mune chiteshi chekuvaka. Nzvimbo yacho yakanga iri kushanda munguva pfupi mushure mekupinda.
Arromanches yakanga isiri yega harwizi rekuvaka rakagadzirwa neAllies. Zvikepe zviviri zvakavakwa pakutanga ndokutumidzwa kuti Mulberry A uye Mulberry B. Gira reArromanches raiva Mulberry B, asi Mulberry A yakanga iri pedyo neOmaha Beach apo mauto eAmerica akauya. Zvinosuruvarisa, mazuva mashomanana mushure mekunge zvikepe zvivakwa, dutu guru rakarova. Chikepe cheMamberry A chakanga chaparadzwa zvachose, uye Meriberry B yakakanganiswa zvikuru. Mushure mokunge dutu racho, vose veAllies vaifanira kushandisa chikepe paArromanches. Zvikepe zvikatumidzwa kuti "Meribheri" nokuti muti webriberry unokura zvakanyanya!
Mushure mokufamba-famba neguta duku uye kudya kwemasikati, iwe unokwira bhazi yekufamba kuenda kumakungwa eAmerica uye kumakuva.
IAmerican Cemetery uye Normandy mabheji akaputirwa nemauto eAmerica ose ari kufamba uye anokurudzira. Mabhiri eEisenhower akasarudza kuti vaAmerica vagare pasi akanga akasiyana zvikuru neaya aifanira kutorwa neChirungu neCanada. Pane nzvimbo dzakatapudza, nzvimbo yakakura yeOmaha neUtah mabheji yakaguma mumatombo makuru, zvichikonzera vakawanda vakaurayiwa kumasoja eAmerica. Vakawanda vedu takaona matombo aya mumabhaisikopo uye mafirimu emagetsi, asi haagoni kunyatsofungidzira kushamiswa kwakaitwa nemauto paakavaona kokutanga kubva pagungwa.
Vanopfuura 2 000 vokuAmerica vakafa paAmaha Beach.
IAmerican Cemetery kuColville Saint Laurent inonakidza sezvaunofamba mukutya pakati pemitambo yevaKristu uye Jewish Stars yaDavid markers. Kuona makuva mazhinji evarume vechidiki, mazhinji akaitwa panguva yezhizha ra1944, ari kuenda kune vose varipo. Nzvimbo yemakuva inotarisa chikamu cheOmaha Beach uye yakakwirira kumusoro kwedenga rine maonero akanaka eChirungu Channel. Makuva asina kuchena anochengetedzwa neHurumende yeUnited States.
Chivakwa pamakamuri emakuva ane chinyorwa chinokudza vakafa uye mifananidzo uye mapepa ezvokupinda. Panewo munda wakanaka uye Matafura eHasina - urongwa hwemasoja ose asina hanya muchiito chakafanana neVietnam Memorial muWashington, DC. Makuva maviri ehama dzaNiland, mhuri ine nhau iyo inoyeukwa mufirimu "Kuchengetedzwa kweByyan Ryan" inowanikwa nyore nyore. Mutungamiri weMutungamiri Theodore Roosevelt anovigwawo kuColville Saint Laurent, kunyange zvazvo asina kufa munguva yekuNymandy.
Mushure mekunge vanopedza inenge awa imwe pamakuva, vatasvi vanokwira bhazi uye vanotakura chikamu chiduku kusvika kumagumo ekupedzisira, Pointe du Hoc. Iri denga rakakwirira rinotarisa gungwa riine zvakawanda zvakasara kubva muHondo, uye Pointe du Hoc yaiva nzvimbo inokosha yekugara yevaAmerica. Zvinyorwa zvakanga zvaudza vaAllies iyi yaive ibheteri inokosha ine mabhuti akawanda uye zvombo zvakachengetedzwa.
Vabatanidzwa vakatumira 225 Army Rangers kukwira mapani uye kutora Pointe. Vapfumbamwe chete vakapona. Zvinofadza kuti zvimwe zvemashoko ezvinyorwa zvakanga zvisina kururama. Mipfuti yeGermany yakanga isiri paPointe, ivo vakanga vatamira kune imwe nyika uye vakanga vari munzvimbo yekufambisa yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa mauto eAmerica achienda kuOmaha neUtah Beaches. IRangers iyo yakasvika paPointe yakakurumidza kupinda mumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye yakakwanisa kuparadza zvigaro pamberi pevaGermany vangavaisa mumabasa. Dai vaAmerica vasati vauya kuPointe, ingadai yakave yakazouya mushure mezuva (kana zvachose) vasati vese mauto angadai akatora panzvimbo yeGermany, panguva iyo dzimwe mauto eAmerica, ngarava nemidziyo yekugara ingadai yakarongedzwa, iyo inogona kutyisidzira kubudirira kwenyika inosvika munzvimbo yose yeAmerica, uye naizvozvo kubudirira kwebasa rose.
Pointe du Hoc rinotarisa zvakafanana neinofanira kunge iri mumakore achangotevera hondo. Mazhinji mabunkers anoramba, uye iwe unogona kuona masango apo mabhomba akaputika. Ivhu rakanyanyosiyana, uye vashanyi vanoudzwa kuti varambe vari mumigwagwa kuti vasapinda mavhesi kana kuti zvakanyanya. Vana vakanga vari kutamba mu bunkers yekare, uye vazhinji vavo vaibatanidza nemhando dzepasi pepasi.
Nhanho dzinongoramba dzichigara kuPointe du Hoc kwenguva pfupi, asi iyo ndiyo nguva yakakwana yekuwana pfungwa yekutsamwa kwehondo ikoko.
Chimwe chete chikamu chakaipa chezuva chinouya pakuguma. Iko-awa ye2,5-ye-stop-stop kukwira kuchikepe inoratidzika kupfuura yakareba kupfuura rwendo rwakazobuda. Vakawanda vangave vakanyatsofambisa pamotokari yekudzoka kudzokera kuchikepe, zvimwe nokuti havagone kuve vakasununguka muzvigaro zvakadzika kana nekuda kwezuva risingakanganwiki ravakaona paNormandy Beaches.