Mhuri uye Gardens Kubva kuRenje
Vafambi kuenda kuChaco nzvimbo yeParaguay - South America's Last Frontier - kazhinji vanomira paFiladelfia mumoyo weMennonites muParaguay.
Vagari veMennonite vakasvika kuParaguay kubva kuGermany, Canada, Russia uye kune dzimwe nyika nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka: rusununguko rwechitendero, mukana wokuita zvavanotenda pasina chipingamupinyi, kutsvaka nyika. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vokuGermany vainge vapinda munyika yeParaguay vasati vadzoka kwezana remakore rechi20, raive risati rasvika kusvika kuma1920 uye makumi matatu ezvo vazhinji, vakawanda vakauya.
Vakawanda vevakatamira kubva kuRussia vakanga vachitiza kubva pakaparadzwa kweBolshevik Revolution uye gare gare Stalin akadzokorora. Vakaenda kuGermany uye kune dzimwe nyika uye vakazobatana nevanopinda kuParaguay.
Paraguay yakagamuchira vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika. Munguva yeHondo yeTatu pamwe chete nevavakidzani vavo, Uruguay, Brazil uye Argentina, Paraguay yakarasikirwa nenharaunda yakawanda uye varume vakawanda. Vazhinji vevanhu veParaguay vakange vagadzika kumucheto wekumabvazuva kwenyika, kumabvazuva kweRwizi Paraguay, vachisiya chakakura chaCoco vanenge vasina vagari. Kuti zvive munzvimbo iyi yemasango eminzwa, madziva, uye maruva, uye zvinyorwa zvose zvehupfumi uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu, Paraguay yakabvumidza kubvumira misha yeMennonite.
VaMennonite vaiva nehutu hwekuva varimi vakanaka kwazvo, vashandi vakaoma, uye vakarangwa mumitemo yavo. Pamusoro pezvo, runyerekuro rwemafuta rinowanikwa muChaco, uye kupesana kweBolivia munzvimbo iyoyo, izvo zvakaguma muna 1932 Hondo yeChaco, yakaita kuti chiitiko chezvematongerwo enyika chiwane nzvimbo iyo nevagari veParaguay.
(Pakupera kwehondo, Bolivia yakarasikirwa nenharaunda yakawanda yeParaguay, asi nyika mbiri dzakarasikirwa noupenyu nekuvimbika.)
Mukudzorera rusununguko rwechitendero, kusunungurwa kubva mubasa rechiuto, kodzero yekutaura chiGermany mune zvikoro uye kune imwe nzvimbo, kodzero yekutarisira yavo pachavo dzidzo, vezvehutano, masangano ezvehupfumi uye masangano emari, vaMennonites vakabvuma kuisa nzvimbo inofungidzirwa kuti haina hanya uye isingabatsiri nekuda kwekushaya mvura.
Mutemo we1921 wakapfuura neCaraguayan musangano zvirokwazvo wakabvumira vaMennonites muParaguay kuti vagadzire hurumende munyika yeBoqueron.
Vatatu mafungu makuru ekutamira akasvika:
- rimwe boka reCanada kubva kuManitoba rakagadzira Menno colony muna 1926-1927
- boka raibva kuUkraine uye nharaunda yeAmour rwizi rakasvika neChina uye rakasimbisa colonia yeFernheim muna 1930
- boka revapoteri vokuRussia rakavaka nharaunda yeNeuland muna 1947
Mamiriro ezvinhu akanga akaoma kune vashoma zviuru zvasvika. Kubuda kwehupidhi kwakauraya vazhinji vevatongi vokutanga. Vanyori vakaenderera mberi, vachiwana mvura, vachiumba zviduku zvishoma zvekurima zvekurima, mapurazi emombe nemapulazi ewairi. Vakawanda veavo vakaungana pamwechete ndokuumba Filadelfia muna 1932. Filadelfia yakava sangano rezvemabhizimisi, rezvemari uye rezvemari. Magazini yemutauro wechiGermany Mennoblatt yakatanga mumazuva ekutanga anoenderera mberi nhasi uye musamu muFiladelfia inoratidza zvinhu zvekufamba kweMennonite uye hondo dzokutanga. Nharaunda yacho inopa nyika yose pamwe nenyama nemichero yekurairi. Iwe unogona kutarisa vhidhiyo inorondedzera Mennonite nhoroondo muParaguay paIndaneti Florida muFiladelfia.
Ichizivikanwa sepakati peMennonitenkolonie , Filadelfia inonzi ndiyo inowanikwa uye inowanzoitwa mamionite munharaunda yeParaguay uye nzvimbo inokura yekutarisa kwekugara.
Vagari vomunharaunda vachiri kutaura Plautdietsch, mutauro weCanada zvakare unonzi Low German, kana mukuru weGermany, Hockdeutsch muzvikoro. Vakawanda vanotaura chiSpanish uye vamwe Chirungu.
Kubudirira kwevanhu veMennonite kwakaita kuti hurumende yeParaguay iwedzere kufambiswa kweChaco, zvichienderana nekuwanika kwemvura yakachena. Vamwe vevanhu veMennonite vanovhunduka kuti rusununguko rwavo runogona kuisa pangozi.
Maonde, sesame, uye sorgum minda yakakomberedza Filadelfia inokwezva mhuka dzesango, kunyanya shiri uye dzinounza vanhu vemitambo kubva kumativi ose enyika kuti vawane pigeon nehove yekupfura. Vamwe vanouya kunoshanyira mafirivhi kana mafirivhi mafirivhi kuti vaone mhuka dzesango dzisina ngozi uye jaguar, pumas uye ocelots.
Vamwe, semadzinza mazhinji eIndia, anotorwa nezvikonzero zvemari. Vafambi vanoenda kuChaco vanotenga zvigadzirwa zvavo, sezvakaitwa naNivaclé.
Nenzira huru yeTrans-Chaco inosangana neAunción (450 km) uye Filadelfia, Chaco inowanikwa. Vanhu vakawanda vanoshandisa Filadelfia sechinhu chekutanga chekuongorora Chaco.
Zvinhu zvekuita nekuona mukati nepasi pedo Filadelfia:
- Jakob Unger Museum muFiladelfia chinyorwa Mennonite kusvika uye nhoroondo, pamwe nemashoko pamusoro pemarudzi eIndia eChaco. Usapotsa mifananidzo yekuratidzira rwendo rwomunhu mumwe kunyika dzakawanda kubva kuRussia kusvika kuParaguay.
- Loma Plata in Menno colony ndiyo yakwegura uye yakawanda yeMennonitenkolonie . Imu Museum inoratidzira zvakajeka upenyu hwekurima pakutanga nemidziyo, imba yemapiyona, uye mifananidzo.
- Neu-Halbstadt muNeuland koloni ndiyo inzvimbo yekoloni uye nzvimbo yakanaka yekutenga zvishandiso zvekuIndia.
- Fortín Toledo kushanyira kuchengetedzwa kweProyecto Tagua uko kwaimbova inopera peccaries inochengetwa uye yakasunungurwa musango.
- Parque Nacional Defensores del Chaco , ibwe rinoputika rakaita senyeredzi iro rine chikuru chinonzi 500m (1640ft) Cerro León. Iyo yakaoma minzwa yeminondo inogara kumba kwejaguar, puma, ocelot uye cat yaGoffrey. Iwe unogona kukwanisa kutasva kubva kumarangi sezvo pasina hufambisi hwevanhu pamusoro pemigwagwa inenge isingadikanwi.
Kubva kuFiladelfia, Ruta Trans-Chaco inopfuurira kuBolivia. Iva wakagadzirira kugadzira guruva, mumamiriro ekunze akaoma, uye magomo kuMariscal Estigarribia uye Colonia La Patria, kunyange usingatarisiri chero hupi zvayo. Kana iwe uripo munaSeptember, tora nguva yeTranschaco Rally.
Kufanana nevafambi vakawanda, iwe ungangosiya nyika uchiti, "Ndinoda Paraguay!"