I National Mall , semuzinda wepamusoro weWashington DC, inodzokera shure kutanga kweguta reWashington sechigaro chekusingaperi chehurumende yeUnited States. Nzvimbo yevanhu iyo inozivikanwa seMall yakachinja nekukura kweguta uye rudzi. Kutevera ndewe chidimbu chidimbu chenhoroondo uye kubudirira kweNational Mall.
The L'Enfant Plan uye National Mall
Muna 1791, Mutungamiri George Washington akasarudza Pierre Charles L'Enfant, muvakidzani wekuAmerica wekuAmerica uye injini yezvigadzirwa zvehurumende, kugadzira makiromita gumi kubva munharaunda yehurumende senyika (District of Columbia).
Maguta eguta racho akaiswa kunze kwegireji inosvika kuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero uye yakazara diagonal "grand avenues" achiyambuka girare uye mabota uye mapazasi achibvumira nzvimbo dzakasununguka dzezviyeuchidzo uye zviyeuchidzo. L'Enfant akafungidzira "grand avenue" inowedzera anenge 1 maira murefu pakati peKapitol Building uye nemifananidzo yakafanana yeGeorge Washington kuti iiswe nechokumaodzanyemba kweWhite House (uko Washington Monument ikozvino).
Chirongwa cheMcMillan cha1901-1902
Muna 1901, Sénator James McMillan weMichigan akaronga komiti yevakasikwa, vanogadzirisa matambi, uye vashandi kuti vagadzire hurongwa hutsva hweMall. Chirongwa cheMcMillan chakawedzerwa purogiramu yepakutanga yeguta ne L'Enfant uye yakasika National Mall yatinoziva nhasi. Chirongwa ichi chakadanirwa kutizve kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzeCapitol Grounds, kuwedzera Mall kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba kuumba West neEast Potomac Park, kusarudza nzvimbo dzeLincoln Memorial neJefferson Memorial uye kutamisa nzvimbo yezvitima zveguta (kuvaka Union Station ), kugadzira mahofisi ehofisi mumakatatu akaumbwa nePennsylvania Avenue, 15th Street, uye National Mall (Federal Triangle).
The National Mall muzana remakore rechi20
Munguva yemakore ekuma1900, The Mall yakava nzvimbo yedu yekutanga nzvimbo yemhemberero dzepaguru, kuungana kwevanhu, kuratidzira uye rallies. Zviitiko zvinozivikanwa zvakabatanidza muna 1963 March kuWashington, 1995 Million Man March, 2007 Iraq War Protest, gore roga roga rokutinhira, Presidential Inaugurations nemamwe akawanda.
Muzana remakore rose, Smithsonian Institution yakavaka nyika-class museum (10 muzana nhasi) pa National Mall kupa vanhu ruzhinji ruzivo rwekuunganidza zvikamu zvakabva kunezvipembenene uye meteorites kusvika kunezvikwereti uye spacecraft. Zviyeuchidzo zveNyika zvakavakwa mukati mezana remakore rokutanga kukudza mazita ekufananidzira avo vakabatsira kuumba nyika yedu.
The National Mall Nhasi
Vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 25 vanoshanyira National Mall gore rega roga uye chirongwa chinodiwa kuchengetedza mwoyo weguta guru racho. Muna 2010, mutsva weNational Mall Plan wakashandurwa zvakasununguka kuti uvandudze nekugadziridza zvivako uye zvigadziriswa paNational Mall kuitira kuti zvigone kuramba zvichiita shanho rakakurumbira yemabasa evanhu kumarudzi anotevera. Chivimbo cheNational Mall chakasimbiswa kuti chibatanidze hurumende mukugadzira chirongwa chekuzadzisa zvido zvevanhu veAmerica uye kutsigira National Park Service.
Relevant Historic Facts uye Dates
- Kuvakwa kweChipitol Building yakatanga muna 1793.
- The Smithsonian Institution yakagadzwa neCongress muna 1847.
- Kuvakwa kweMonamende yeMashington kwakatanga muna 1848 asi kwakanga kusina kupera kusvikira 1884.
- Union Station yakavakwa muna 1907 sechikamu cheMicMillan Plan, zvichibvumira kubviswa kwezvikwata zvisinganzwisisiki zvezvitima paMall uye kubvisa kudiwa kweBalltimore & Ohio Railroad terminal iyo yaiva panzvimbo inoyo ye National Gallery ye Art.
- Cherry miti yakapiwa rudzi nerudzi rweJapane yakadyarwa kuzere neTidal Basin muna 1912.
- Chirangaridzo cheLincoln chakatsaurirwa muna 1922.
- The Thomas Jefferson memorial yakapedzwa muna 1939
Masangano ane Chiremera cheNational Mall
- Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) - Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika rinokurudzira Mutungamiri neCongress pamusoro pekuchengetedza kwenhau yenyika.
- Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) - Komisheni, yakasikwa muna 1910, inopa zano pamusoro pekugadzirwa uye aesthetics yezvigadzirwa zvekuvakira kuchengetedza chiremera cheguta guru rehurumende.
- National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) - Sangano rehurumende yezvekugadzirira, rakagadzwa muna 1924, rinopa mazano pamapurojekiti anokonzera guta guru uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza.
- National Park Service / National Capital Region (NPS / NCR) Washington Metropolitan Region) Sehofisi yeDhipatimendi reNyika yeUnited States, National Park Service inotarisira uye inopa mazano kumapaki eAmerica munyika.