01 ye 09
Chifambiro chinoshamisa Chikwata uye Royal Necropolis
Iri pedyo kunze kwemiganhu yeParis, Cathedral Basilica yeSaint Denis ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinoshamisa dzenyika dzekuvakwa kweti gothic uye nhoroondo yeFrench royal, asi kazhinji inotarirwa nevashanyi (vanoenda kunzvimbo inonyanyozivikanwa yeDean Cathedral kana Sainte- Chapelle .) Inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo muenzaniso wekutanga wekuvakwa kwema gothic, yakavakwa pakati pe1140 ne1144.
Dzimba dzimba dzeSaint Denis , vashandi vatsvene veFrance (vakaurawa muna 250 AD), nzvimbo yacho yakashanyirwa nevashanyi, vafambi, nevashanyi zvakafanana kubva muzana remakore rechi5. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yekereke yezvino yemazuva neyemambo necropolis yakashandiswa kare seguva reGallo-Roma uye kereke duku yakavakwa mumakuva eSt. Denis muna 475, Merovingian mambo Dagobert akazotumira kereke huru pano muzana remakore rechinomwe. Mapfupa eSt. Denis akazoendeswa kuchechi yekrispts, uko guva richigona kuonekwa.
Read related: 6 Places in Paris Kuti Uwane Medieval History Fix
Ichechi yeRoma yakanzi yakatsvenesa zvokuti Pepin the Short, baba vaCharlemagne, akashongedzwa korona muSt. Denis Basilica muna 754. Akazovigwa ipapo, pamwe chete nemadzimambo akawanda nemadzishe eFrance kubva muzana remakore rechitanhatu kusvikira Louis XVIII afa muna 1824. The basilica (iyo yakabva yava kerekari muna 1966) yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zviviri. Iyi necropolis yakazara-gara inosvika makumi matanhatu nematatu emifananidzo uye makuva ekucherechedza nzvimbo dzekupedzisira dzokuzorora dzevamwe vanhu veFrance vane mavara-mavara: madzimambo makumi mana, 32 madzimambo, 63 machinda nemadzimambokadzi, uye gumi nhatu dzinokosha dzinhoroondo dzakavigwa pano. Pasi pegungwa iri rezvigaro zvakatsvaira rakasvibiswa neKathedral's ethereal chiedza inonzi crypt, apo vashanyi vanogona kuwana makuva eSt. Denis uye yekupedzisira ye madzimambo eFrance Bourbon, kusanganisira vakaipa vaFouis XVI naMaria-Antoinette, vakagurwa musoro panguva French Revolution.
Kunyange zvazvo imwe nguva yakatora mapurgrim kubva kumativi ose eFrance mazuva nemakumbo kuti asvike kuCawase, St. Denis anoonga iye zvino kune vanoziva zvikuru "vafambi" pakati pedu: kunze kwemakiromita mashoma kubva kure pakati peParis. Inogadzirira rwendo runofadza uye rwunokosha rwezuva kubva kuParis .
Nzvimbo uye Kuenda Ikoko
Adresse: 1 rue de la Légion d'honneur, Saint-Denis 93200
Metro: Basilique de St. Denis (mutsara 13)
Enda kunzvimbo yepamutemo yewebsite kuti uwane mamwe mashokoMaawa ekuzarura
Kereke huru uye necropolis inosvinurwa mukati megore rose, uye zvishomanana zvishoma.
April 1 kusvika Svondo 30: 10am kusvika 6:15 masikati, Svondo 12 kusvika 6:15 pm
October 1 kusvika March 31: 10am kusvika 5 pm, Svondo 12 kusvika ku5: 15 masikatiCherechedza: Kupindira kwekupedzisira kwemaminitsi makumi matatu vasati vapedzisa. Chengetedza webhusaiti yepamutemo kana pane imwe nguva yakazarura maawa kuti urege kuora mwoyo.
Yakavharwa: January 1, May 1, uye December 25 panguva yemamwe masangano echitendero.
Matikiti:
Kubvuma kuchechi yakasununguka, asi matikiti anodiwa kuti asvike necropolis uye crypt. Vakuru vanobhadhara mutengo wakakwana wokupinda apo vana vaduku pasi pemakore 18 vanogona kupinda muhara kana vachifambidzana nomunhu mukuru. Kusununguka kwakasununguka kunopiwawo kune vakwegura vashanyi uye vanoendeswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo (tsvaga mberi pakatarisa kushanyira kuratidzwa), vashanyi vasingashandi, uye vagari vemuEurope pasi pemakore makumi maviri nemakumi matatu (vane pasipoti yakakodzera ye EU kana kadhi yeAID). Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko akajeka uye akavandudzwa pamusoro pekutengeswa kwekutengeswa, tapota taura iwe webhusaiti yepamutemo.
Kutenderera Kunotungamirirwa:
Nzendo dzinotungamirirwa dzinowanikwa kune vamwe kana kumapoka. Kubhuku, danai +33 (0) 1 49 21 14 87. Nzendo dzinofanirwa kutungamirirwa dzinowanikawo mumitauro yakasiyana-siyana (Mutauro weChirungu, Chirungu, ChiSpanish, uye ChiFrench). Dana +33 (0) 1 44 54 19 33. Rwendo runotora pakati peawa neawa nehafu.Accessibility:
Iyi basilica inowanikwa zvakakwana kune vanoremara vashanyi, asi rubatsiro runokosha rungada kuchengetwa nguva isati yasvika. Dana +33 (0) 1 49 21 14 87 kana +33 (0) 1 48 09 83 54 kuti uwane mamwe mashoko.
Dzvanya nemufananidzo wakazara wekufananidza uye mifananidzo yakanakisisa kubva kumusasa wakaisvonaka, unoshamisa wekare.
02 of 09
Western Rose Window paKathedral St Denis
Muzana remakore rechi12, Abbot Suger akashandura Dagobert yakaparara muchechi yezana remakore rechinomwe ikaita chishamiso chekugadzira. Yakanga yakagadzirwa nemawindo akajeka emagalazi, ruboshwe-rubhed rakaputirwa padenga, kubhururuka mabhendi, uye kutarisa mabheji, pakati pezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana. Sezvo zvakadaro, iyo yakawanda inofungidzirwa kuva imwe yezvivakwa zvechokwadi zveGothic, zvose mumutauro uye musangano.
Kuratidzwa pano ndiSten Denis 'western rose rowindo, sekuonekwa kubva pavanopinda necropolis. Mawindo maviri emawindo akawedzerwa muzana remakore rechi19 kuti atsive mhuka dzepakati pekare. Izvozvi zvakange zvasuruvariswa zvakaparadzwa panguva yeRussia Revolution ya1789; mutungamiri wakanyunguduka uye wakashandiswa zvombo.
03 of 09
Stained Glass: Reaching Toward the Light
MuMiddle Ages, chiedza chaiva chiratidzo chekudenga, nyika yekudenga, kazhinji kushanda sechifananidzo kuna Mwari. Pakugadzirisa kereke yacho neine panoply yemaseraji emafasitini, Abbot Suger aitarisira kukurudzira vanamati kuti vasvike kunyika yakajeka, yemweya, vachisiya shure kwemazuva enyika. KuSt. Denis, kupenya kunonyora pasi, masvingo, uye makuva ane mavara ane ruvara anochinja nzvimbo uye unhu sezvo zuva rinopfuurira. Inoramba ichikurudzira vashanyi uye kunyange vanyori, avo vekupedzisira avo vanowanzogadzira matanho mumucheto wepakati wezacropolis yakazara-kuzadza kuzora.
04 of 09
Recumbent Effigies yeMadzimambo, Queens, uye More
Sezvambotaurwa, Saint Denis ndiyo nzvimbo yokuzorora kune vazhinji veFrance madzimambo, madzimambo, madzimambo, uye dzimwe nhengo dzemadzinza eumambo, avo vakakosha pane avo vakavakwa zvinoshamisa zvinowanzoitika. Izvi zvifananidzo zvinongoratidzika zvinoratidza maitiro akasiyana-siyana muhutano hunofadza. Muzana remakore rechi12, somuenzaniso, mifananidzo yakaratidzwa nemaziso avo akazaruka, asi Rakabatanidzwa rakaratidzwa nekugadzirwa kwezvifananidzo zvakawanda. Iyi miitiro yakabatsira kusimbisa kusangana kwechiKristu pakati pekufa uye chivimbiso chekumuka.
05 of 09
Detail of Recumbent Effigies
Vamwe vezvakanyorwa zvekuSt-Denis vanokurudzira tsitsi, seyiyi mhuri yevane simba, kusanganisira mwana muduku uyo akaita sokuti akarasikirwa noupenyu hwake nguva dzose zvakare. Izvi zvaisuruvarisa, kwete chiitiko chisingawanzwisisiki muupenyu hwemakore ekumahombekombe, kunyange kune avo vakapfuma pane nhengo dzevanhu.
06 of 09
Tongo raMambo Dagobert I
Mambo Dagobert I weFrance aiva nebasa rekuvakwa kweSt Denis semuzinda weBenedictine wakazvipira kuSt. Denis, achitsiva kereke duku yakatumirwa naSt. Geneviève yakanga yapfuura nzvimbo iyi.
Dagobert's guva rinorema, rinoratidzwa pamusoro, riri panzvimbo yekunamatwa kwamambo muna 639, pedyo neSt. Denis's relics.
Iyi mvumo yakakura yakaonekwa kune vashanyi yakavakwazve muzana remakore gumi nematatu uye inoudza nyaya yezvakaratidzwa naJohn the hermit: mweya wemambo unotorwa kuGehena nekuda kwekuba kwake kwechivako chechechi, asi Vasande Denis, Martin, naMaurice vanopindira madhimoni uye vanotora mweya, vachiuisa kuDenga. Sezvo zvakadaro, inosimbisa vatsvene semuchengetedzi wemadzimambo eKapetian uye ivo vamwari vavo.
07 of 09
The Crypt yeSt Denis
St-Denis Basilica, isinganzwisisiki, yakatsaurirwa kune mutsvene wezita iroro, bhishopi wekutanga weFrance uyo akararama munguva yezana remakore rechitatu. Maererano nenhoroondo dzezvinyorwa, akaveura musoro muMontmartre (ikozvino chikamu cheParis asi zvino taundi duku riri kuchamhembe kweguta racho) panguva yekutambudzwa kwevaKristu, asi akatora musoro wake ndokutakura makiromita gumi kuenda kunzvimbo yake yaakaviga, uko St. Denis Basilica ikozvino imire. Zvinonzi munguva yekufamba kwake kwenguva refu musoro wake wakaramba uchiparidza mharidzo. Mune unyanzvi, anowanzoratidzwa se cephalophore - mutsvene ane musoro wake.
Guva rake riri muchechi yekuchera matongo echechi (yakaratidzwa pamusoro), pamwe chete neavo vaSaint Rustique naEleuthère.
Iyo romanesque crypt ndiyo nzvimbo yekuvigwa yaLouis XVI naMarius-Antoinette avo vakatanga kutaurirana kuMadeleine asi vakazotamira kuSt. Denis pasi peLouis XVIII.
08 of 09
Tomb Details (Kubvira Mukushamisira kusvika Kunonakidza)
Mazhinji emakuva eSt. Denis ane zvinyorwa zvinonakidza izvo zvingave zvisina kuonekwa pakutanga. Tarisa kune mifananidzo yakaisvonaka pano uye imomo, zvakadai sevadzidzi vaviri vekumatongerwo enyika vari kunyatsojekesa bhuku. Mamwe makuva anoratidza mhuka duku (imbwa, marara, nezvimwewo) dzakarara pamakumbo emadzimambo akakurumbira uye madzimai.
09 of 09
Plate Yekuyeuchidza Joan weArc
Joan weArc aiva mumwe wevakashanyira vakawanda kuSt-Denis munguva yezana remakore rechi15, akaisa maoko ake paatari yeSt. Denis mushure mekukuvara. Iye zvino anonzi mumwe wevasande vatsvene veFrance.